| 1. |
- Falthin, Annika
(författare)
-
Meningserbjudanden och val : en studie om musicerande i musikundervisning på högstadiet
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractAffordance and choice: performing music in lower secondary schoolThe purpose of this study is to elucidate affordances and meaning-making processes where students in Compulsory lower secondary education learn to play music together in music class. The data consists of a series of observed music lessons, performances and stimulated recall interviews in two 8th form classes, video recorded in the course of one term.The analysis focuses on students’ and their teacher’s musical interaction and sign making during music class. In order to explore multimodal aspects of sign making in teaching and learning, the study rests on a theoretical framework of social-semiotic multimodality and design theory of learning. Nine students, strategically selected, were observed more frequently than the rest. Excerpts of their singing and playing music on different occasions were transcribed into scores in which musical notation together with other graphic signs and written descriptions represent the events. The scores visualise mul- timodal aspects of musical interaction, which made a 'fine grained' analysis of meaning-making processes possible. Further, an analysis was made of how the students and their teacher expressed themselves about the playing and learning and how this related to their observed actions.The result reveals how the teacher’s physical and verbal communicative sign combinations and choice of repertoire conveyed several layers of mean- ing by means of instructions for playing and by references to different dis- courses and genres. During lessons the principle of recognition was present in all of the teacher's sign making but it might be expressed in different modes including expected actions that surprised, amused and helped students to link different musical parameters together. Through transmodal transla- tions of the teacher’s signs, students, linked short fragments of their parts together, and taking turns with the teacher, made longer musical lines. It was found that students’ activities and utterances indicated that a shared sense of meaning and acceptance took precedence over personal musical wishes and preferences.The study contributes to a close insight and understanding of how young people's meaning-making processes may be manifested in music 'teaching- and-learning' in heterogeneous classes, as well as of the significance of teachers’ sign-making in that process. The results of the study warrant a discussion of how musical learning is made possible and is restricted de- pending on how music teaching in schools is designed.Keywords: music teaching, musical interaction, meaning making, semiotic resources, re-design, transmodality, dialogue
|
|
| 2. |
- Mickwitz, Larissa, 1969-
(författare)
-
En reformerad lärare : Konstruktionen av en professionell och betygssättande lärare i skolpolitik och skolpraktik
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis investigates the interrelatedness between school policy and practice. In the thesis, the construction of “the teacher” is analysed in school policy documents and teacher interviews. I am particularly interested in the relation between school policy and school practice in light of the two latest curriculum reforms 1994 and 2011 and the teacher accreditation registration reform of 2011. The analysis focuses on two topics: grading and the professional teacher. In fact, an analytic link is made between the emphasis on grading and the discursive construction of the teacher in Swedish education policy. The theoretical framework is positioned within institutional theory within which I combine curriculum theory and the sociological new institutionalism with discourse theory. The analyses of policy documents reveals three types of different discursive constructions of “the teacher”. In the period of deregulation and decentralization, a professional teacher is constructed and the need for an autonomous teacher for school quality is expressed. By the 1990s -2000s an unprofessional grading teacher is constructed. In the period signifying the teacher accreditation and registration reform, a quality assured teacher is constructed. It is a teacher who is formally authorized and in need of continuing evaluation. In the focus groups interviews teachers constructs two types of professionalism. One is in line with the professionalism articulated in the policy texts and is about control and formal regulation and the other is about autonomy. Furthermore, the teachers relate to grading and teachers' ability to act in accordance with their overall teaching assignment. Grading were often constructed opposed to teaching. Demands for documentation, quality reports or the requirement of teacher accreditation is described as institutional practices defined from above. These practices make it difficult for teachers to complete their teaching assignments. The study indicates that teachers' ability to operate in an increasingly regulatory schooling culture has, through the types of requirements for transparency in teachers’ work, resulted in the decline of autonomy in their professional practice.
|
|
| 3. |
- Paulin, Arja
(författare)
-
Första tiden i yrket - från student till lärare : en studie av de svårigheter nyblivna lärare möter under sin första tid i yrket
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “How do they manage when left alone in their schools as newly qualified teachers?” Reflections like these evoked an interest to explore how the students become teachers, how their occupational learning processes go on and what difficulties they meet during their first terms in service. In my study I use a narrative concept and it consists of notes from 29 meetings with 25 newly qualified teachers in three different groups during three years. The notes have been analysed by means of using qualitative method.Becoming a teacher is a process where the newly qualified teachers move from legitimate peripheral participation to full scale participation. In this process they mainly work with enactive representations that have to be supported by iconic and symbolic representations (Bruner).They are also influenced by the social practise in their schools. The process is influenced by mutual integration of their previous experiences of school, their education and the context and culture of their school. They have difficulties understanding and handling problematic pupils, with discipline, with relations and co-operation with colleagues and parents. During the process there are some changes in the focus for their main concern. First it is the class room situations and their social dimensions that dominate greatly. During the second term the focus is moved to the pupils and their learning processes, as well as the relations with colleagues and parents and co-operation with them becomes important. Finally the teachers become aware of their own situation in an organisation with opportunities and difficulties. Causes to the difficulties experienced by the newly qualified teachers can be found both in the contents of education and in the introduction of beginners in the school domains, where the newly qualified teachers are left alone without the support they badly need. The conclusions that can be drawn from the results have consequences both for education of teachers and the introduction of them in the context of school domains.
|
|
| 4. |
- Raptopoulou, Anthemis, 1991-
(författare)
-
Politics of Contemporary Education Policy : The case of programming in the Swedish curriculum
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, computer programming has been introduced into school curricula in several national education systems across the world making it a key issue on the education policy agenda. In March 2017, the Swedish Government announced their decision to introduce programming as a mandatory teaching element as of the first grade of primary school. This doctoral thesis investigates the processes behind this recent change in the Swedish curriculum and aims to clarify the addition of programming in schools. The research is focused on the actors and actions that brought about this change and on how the addition of programming was argued for in policy texts, nationally and internationally.The methods employed in this thesis are those of network ethnography and critical discourse analysis. Network ethnography enables a mapping of relationships between the actors involved, while critical discourse analysis can provide further insights on discourse, social context, and the underlying power-relations. The empirical material is comprised of online links and texts regarding and by the actors involved in the policy agenda on programming, interviews with key policy actors, as well as national and international policy texts on the introduction of programming in schools.According to the findings, the processes resulting in the introduction of programming in the Swedish schools have been both complex and dynamic engaging a wide range of actors including governmental and inter-governmental agencies, national and multinational companies, for- and non-for-profit organizations and educational institutions. One of the findings is that external actors both influenced and participated in these policy-making processes. The policy agenda on programming was shared in mixed policy arenas extending beyond national and institutional spaces and towards international and private ones. The analysis of the policy texts indicates that the teaching of programming in schools was promoted as the answer to a number of economic and societal needs, while the public discourse was dominated by economic motives and ideologies.In this thesis, the addition of programming in schools is perceived as an example of contemporary education policy- making. The findings demonstrate that the development of contemporary education policy no longer is confined within national borders, but takes place across borders and sectors involving a variety of actors. Emphasis is placed on the influence of external interests on education policy. In addition, this thesis highlights the importance of out-of-the-parliament processes both locally and internationally, and their capacity to influence policy-making. This study underscores the increasing complexity which characterizes education policy in a globalized context, especially in the area of education technology.
|
|
| 5. |
- Schoug, Aron, 1983-
(författare)
-
Storskaligt kreativt samarbete : Organisering och kollektivt lärande i ett konst- och teaterprojekt
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Storskaliga kreativa samarbeten blir allt vanligare i dagens organisationer, till exempel inom kreativa näringar, innovationsprocesser och utvecklingsprojekt. I sådana samarbeten behöver många individer vara kreativa och deras bidrag sammanflätas. Det stora antalet individer skapar behov av styrande strukturer och praktiker för att underlätta samordning, vilka i sin tur kan skapa spänningar i förhållande till den oförutsägbarhet och det behov av flexibilitet som kännetecknar kreativa processer. Tidigare forskning har beskrivit hur storskaliga kreativa samarbeten fungerar inom olika branscher såsom film, mode och IT. Det finns dock behov av en mer generell förståelse av underliggande strukturer samt hur dessa växer fram.Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra med kunskap om hur storskaligt kreativt samarbete hålls ihop och utvecklas. Avhandlingen bygger på en kvalitativ fallstudie av ett treårigt konst- och teaterprojekt med ett litet antal initiativtagare, som hade huvudansvar, och ett 1000-tal deltagare som bidrog på olika sätt. Data samlades in med hjälp av deltagande observationer och djupintervjuer samt analyserades med hjälp av teorier om organisering och kollektivt lärande. Analysen fokuserar på hur handlingar samordnades, hur gemensam förståelse formades och hur olika grupper samspelade i styrningen av arbetet.Studien visar på förekomsten av ett komplext socialt samspel. Handlingar samordnades genom tre organiseringsmönster. För det första fanns det ett interaktivt ramverk varigenom initiativtagarna förmedlade en vision, som deltagarna tolkade och tänjde på, vilket ledde till en gradvis förändring av ramverket. För det andra fanns det en inre och en yttre cirkel. Den inre cirkeln bestod av ett litet antal yrkesverksamma kulturarbetare (initiativtagarna samt ett 50-tal deltagare) som gjorde grundarbetet och den yttre cirkeln bestod av ett löst nätverk av frivilliga som byggde vidare på denna grund. För det tredje fanns det ett organiskt pussel där individerna formade och omformade sina bitar i en process av ömsesidig anpassning, vilket gav upphov till en framväxande bild som ingen kunde förutse eller kontrollera. Den gemensamma förståelsen formades genom två kollektiva lärprocesser som ständigt sammanflätades med varandra. Genom konsensuslärande införlivade individerna andras idéer, vilket ledde till att idéer vävdes samman i den gemensamma förståelsen och att en samarbetskultur upprätthölls. Genom konfliktlärande hävdade individerna sina egna idéer, vilket ledde till fragmentering och omformning av den gemensamma förståelsen, samt upprätthållande av en självständighetskultur. Arbetet styrdes genom ett samspel mellan initiativtagare och deltagare där tre styrningsmekanismer var framträdande: Initiativtagarna påverkade indirekt deltagarnas arbete genom dold asymmetri. Samtidigt påverkade deltagarna indirekt utvecklingen av den övergripande visionen genom delegerad improvisation. Det fanns också ett utvidgat engagemang där deltagarna, genom sin känsla av tillhörighet, gick från att enbart fokusera på sin egen del till att också ta ansvar för helheten.En central slutsats är att dessa mönster, processer och mekanismer bidrog till att balansera tre (ibland motstridiga) principer, nämligen självständigt utforskande, ömsesidig anpassning och asymmetrisk rollfördelning. Avhandlingens resultat kan hjälpa oss förstå hur andra storskaliga kreativa samarbeten kan hållas ihop och utvecklas, och bidrar därmed till forskningen om dagens föränderliga, mångtydiga och komplexa organisationsliv.
|
|
| 6. |
- West, Tore, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Interaktion och kunskapsutveckling : en studie av frivillig musikundervisning
- 2001
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a joint dissertation project, 11 brass instrument and guitar lessons, with 4 teachers and 21 students aged 9-35 years, were videotaped, transcribed and analyzed. Two were group lessons and 9 were private lessons. The object of the project was to study how music teaching and learning can be understood from an institutional perspective by describing, analyzing and interpreting musical instrument lessons. The lessons were viewed as social encounters in which the action of participants creates and re-creates social orders at different institutional levels, by means of communication routines using speech, music and gesture. Data were derived from micro-ethnographic transcriptions of speech, gesture and music of a total of five hours of videotape, supplemented by text analyses of 14 method-books. The transcripts were analyzed as text from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. At the analytical level the study applied the cognitive concepts of experiencing and learning music, as well as those of educational genres of speech and music use. The analyzed data were interpreted and discussed from the perspectives of interaction-theory and institution-theory. The results show how the music during the lessons was broken down into separate notes, as read from the score. Music was not addressed as phrases, rhythms, or melodies. Expressive qualities of music performance were not addressed. The characteristics of the interaction were found to be asymmetric, with the teacher being the one controlling the definition of the situation. Student attempts to take initiative were ignored by teachers. This asymmetric pattern of interaction had negative consequences for students’ as well as teachers’ opportunities to learn. The organization of the teaching situation as well as teaching methods is discussed from the perspective of institution-theory. A major conclusion is that the way instrument teaching is organized leaves little room for students and teachers to discuss and reflect on the teaching process.
|
|
| 7. |
- Westlund, Barbro, 1953-
(författare)
-
Att bedöma elevers läsförståelse : En jämförelse mellan svenska och kanadensiska bedömningsdiskurser i grundskolans mellanår
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study is to describe and analyze what assessment discourses of reading comprehension are more prominent by comparing five Swedish and five Canadian teachers in the province of BC in Canada. Based on a teacher perspective on how to develop and assess reading comprehension, the investigation concentrates on teacher discourses and their alignment with other discourses of reading comprehension within the two school systems.The method used is mainly based on classroom observations and transcriptions of tape-recorded interviews. The ten teachers in grade 4 were interviewed for 30 minutes almost every day in the afternoon during a school week. The analysis of the teachers answers were made in three steps: within each singe interview, within the Swedish and the Canadian teacher group respectively, and between the two compared teacher groups. The theoretical perspectives used to analyze the data were Critical Discourse Analysis, theories of feedback, and socio-cognitive theory.The answers within each teacher group showed a homogeneous pattern, but the comparison between the two groups showed considerable differences. The results demonstrated that the Swedish teachers seemed to be more of “instruction givers” and “assessment controllers”, while the Canadian teachers seemed to be more of “comprehension instructors” and “ongoing assessment controllers”. The teacher discourses in both groups were aligned with other assessment discourses in their respective school systems. The Canadian teacher group used a much more elaborated meta-language when talking about reading comprehension assessment. In their way of referring to feedback they also focused on their own teaching in a way that was not found within the Swedish teacher group.
|
|
| 8. |
- Elm, Annika, 1958-
(författare)
-
Interaktion och naturvetenskap i en förskola och en förskoleklass
- 2008
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med det här forskningsarbetet är att öka förståelsen av hur mönster i interaktionsprocesser påverkar barn och lärare i samtidiga skeenden. Studien syftar även till att öka insikten om hur naturvetenskapligt innehåll väljs ut och gestaltas i samspel mellan såväl barn som barn och lärare i en förskola och förskoleklass. De övergripande forskningsfrågorna är: Vilka interaktionsmönster dominerar när naturvetenskapligt innehåll behandlas? Vilka handlingar påverkar händelseförloppet? Hur väljs det naturvetenskapliga innehållet ut? Hur gestaltas det naturvetenskapliga innehållet i de specifika situationer som studeras? Därutöver syftar arbetet till att genomföra en metodstudie i avsikt att diskutera metodologiska val och analysprocessen. Teoretiska utgångspunkter tar avstamp ur konstruktionistisk teori med förankring i sociologisk interaktionsforskning. Undersökningen genomfördes i en förskola och en förskoleklass. På en förskoleavdelning medverkade en lärare och sex barn i åldern två till fyra år. I förskoleklassen medverkade två lärare och fjorton barn i åldern fem till sex år. De olika situationerna har dokumenterats med hjälp av videokamera och därefter analyserats i ett videoanalysprogram. Begreppen språkbruk och naturvetenskapliga aktiviteter har använts som raster för att strukturera och systematisera materialet. Resultatet visar att naturvetenskapliga aktiviteter som utgörs av observation och undersökning samt frågor som behandlar djur och natur dominerar i de specifika sammanhang som studerats. Interaktionsmönstret visar på konstellationer av barn som återkommande bildar team i olika situationer. Lärarna och vissa team avbarn väljer och styr därmed hur de innehållsliga aspekterna gestaltas i de naturvetenskapliga aktiviteterna.
|
|
| 9. |
- Elm Fristorp, Annika, 1958-
(författare)
-
Design för lärande : barns meningsskapande i naturvetenskap
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study was to describe and analyse the design of learning environments and how children in preschool, preschool class and primary school create meaning and learn from the teaching aids offered to them in scientific activities planned by teachers.The theoretical reference frame was obtained from multimodal and design-oriented theory, with its focus on the creative dimensions of learning and detailed aspects of how learning takes place. The study is based on video-observations and constituted an in-depth study of a limited number of occasions spent in preschool, preschool classes and the first year of primary school when science lessons were in progress. Four children’s groups, thirty-six children and five teachers took part in the study, from different schools and municipalities. The children are aged between three and seven. The video-observations have been transcribed as text and analysed with analytical concepts found within the theoretical framework.The results show that considering the number of children in the children’s groups, relatively few children take part in the scientific learning contexts. Changes in the balance of power were evident in the learning settings and followed the interaction patterns that were identified in the children’s groups. The results also show that children create representations – both individually and corporately – in new or different ways that are made up of analogies expressed in terms of equivalent, existential, expressive and figurative analogies. The children’s verbal expressions that corresponded with the responses expected by the teachers were highly valued, were paid attention to and were recognised as know-how. This meant that many of the potential meanings that exist in children’s meaning-making in science become invisible. The results have educational implications for teachers’ work at the local level and for teacher training.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
