| 1. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders on temperament, character, and personality development.
- 2006
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Ingår i: The American Journal of Psychiatry. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 163:7, s. 1239-1244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The authors describe personality development and disorders in relation to symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders. METHOD: Consecutive adults referred for neuropsychiatric investigation (N=240) were assessed for current and lifetime ADHD and autism spectrum disorders and completed the Temperament and Character Inventory. In a subgroup of subjects (N=174), presence of axis II personality disorders was also assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II). RESULTS: Patients with ADHD reported high novelty seeking and high harm avoidance. Patients with autism spectrum disorders reported low novelty seeking, low reward dependence, and high harm avoidance. Character scores (self-directedness and cooperativeness) were extremely low among subjects with neuropsychiatric disorders, indicating a high overall prevalence of personality disorders, which was confirmed with the SCID-II. Cluster B personality disorders were more common in subjects with ADHD, while cluster A and C disorders were more common in those with autism spectrum disorders. The overlap between DSM-IV personality disorder categories was high, and they seem less clinically useful in this context. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD and autism spectrum disorders are associated with specific temperament configurations and an increased risk of personality disorders and deficits in character maturation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gough, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Chlorophyll biosynthesis in higher plants. Regulatory aspects of 5-aminolevulinate formation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Plant Biology. - 1226-9239. ; 46:3, s. 135-160
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorophyll, heme, phytochrome and siroheme biosynthesis in higher plants is regulated by the supply of their precursor 5-aminolevulinate (ALA), which is derived from glutamate. Glutamate conversion to ALA occurs only in the plastid and requires chloroplast coded tRNA(Glu) and nuclear coded glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, glutamyl-tRNA reductase and glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. The chromosomal location in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and barley of these factors are presented with UniGene data for cDNA tissue locations. Similarly also for other nuclear gene products affecting ALA formation: sigma factor sigB; the A. thaliana Flu and monocot (figrina-d) homologs; xi-carotene desaturase, lycopene synthase and carotenoid isomerase. Cytokinin is a positive regulator of tRNA(Glu) amounts, which correlate with ALA formation. SigB is required for tRNA(Glu) transcription. Phytochrome A, cryptochrome and Mg-proto-porphyrin repress transcription of glutamyl-tRNA reductase in the dark, which is de-repressed by red and blue light. Post-transcriptional control is little understood but may in Poaceae involve messages stabilised by 5'UTR stem-loops. The reductase is inhibited by heme. The Mg-branch has its own inhibitor, A thaliana Flu, encoding a membrane protein, recently found to be identical to barley Tigrina-d. It interacts with glutamyl-tRNA reductase through TPR domains mediating Mg-protoporphyrin inhibition. Carotenoid deficient regulatory tigrina or their phenocopies point to membranes as a regulatory site or to abscisic acid as a negative regulator.
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| 4. |
- Rzeznicka, Kamila, et al.
(författare)
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Xantha-l encodes a membrane subunit of the aerobic Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 102:16, s. 5886-5891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorophyll biosynthesis is a process involving approximate to 20 different enzymatic steps. Half of these steps are common to the biosynthesis of other tetrapyrroles, such as heme. one of the least understood enzymatic steps is formation of the isocyclic ring, which is a characteristic feature of all (bacterio)chlorophyll molecules. In chloroplasts, formation of the isocyclic ring is an aerobic reaction catalyzed by Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase. An in vitro assay for the aerobic cyclase reaction required membrane-bound and soluble components from the chloroplasts. Extracts from barley (Hordeum vulgare Q mutants at the Xantha-1 and Viridis-k loci showed no cyclase activity. Fractionation of isolated plastids by Percoll gradient centrifugation showed that xantha-1 and viridis-k mutants are defective in components associated with chloroplast membranes. The Xantha-1 gene, corresponding to Arabidopsis thaliana CHL27, Rubrivivax gelatinosus acsF, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CRD1, and CTH1 and situated at the short arm of barley chromosome 3 (3H), was cloned, and the mutations in xantha-l(35), xantha-l(81), and xantha-l(82) were characterized. This finding connected biochemical and genetic data because it demonstrated that Xantha-1 encodes a membrane-bound cyclase subunit. The evidence suggests that the aerobic cyclase requires at least one soluble and two membrane-bound components.
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| 5. |
- Saarikko, Ted, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Digital transformation : Five recommendations for the digitally conscious firm
- 2020
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Ingår i: Business Horizons. - : Elsevier. - 0007-6813 .- 1873-6068. ; 63:6, s. 825-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital transformation is one of the key challenges facing contemporary businesses. The need to leverage digital technology to develop and implement new business models forces firms to reevaluate existing capabilities, structures, and culture in order to identify what technologies are relevant and how they will be enacted in organizational processes and business offerings. More often than not, these profound changes require firms to revisit old truths as they develop strategies that thread the needle between beneficial innovation and harmful disruption. This article uses the Internet of Things (IoT) as a backdrop to demonstrate the concerns associated with transformative technologies and offers five recommendations as to how firms can develop the strategies needed for digital transformation and become digitally conscious: (1) Start small and build on firsthand benefits; (2) team up and create competitive advantage from brand recognition; (3) engage in standardization efforts; (4) take responsibility for data ownership and ethics; and (5) own the change and ensure organization-wide commitment. As such, this article shows that digital transformation should be a top management priority and a defining trait of corporate business strategy, and that by becoming digitally conscious, firms may get a head start on their transformation journey.
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| 6. |
- Saarikko, Ted, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The Inter-organizational Dynamics of a Platform Ecosystem : Exploring Stakeholder Boundaries
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2016). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9780769556703 ; , s. 5167-5176
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet of Things (IoT) creates a myriad of new business opportunities that focus on collecting, transmitting, and analyzing product data. IoT collaborations bring together diverse firms with separate skill-sets that both produce and utilize digitized data to co-create value. While previous research has explored the technical implications of IoT in great detail, it has largely ignored the business implications of such endeavors. In this paper, we focus on the early stages of the emerging inter-organizational relationships that IoT enables and ask the question: How can the inter-organizational dynamics between disparate actors in an IoT ecosystem be perceived and understood? By conducting a qualitative case study and tracing four types of organizational boundaries: efficiency, power, competence and identity, we show how firm boundaries are emergent, dynamic, and constantly negotiated between firms. Allowing for and understanding this relational interplay is crucial in order for IoT ecosystems to thrive and grow.
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| 7. |
- Saarikko, Ted, et al.
(författare)
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The Internet of Things : are you ready for what's coming?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Business Horizons. - : Elsevier. - 0007-6813 .- 1873-6068. ; 60:5, s. 667-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are you ready for what’s coming? As senior managers look to connect products, processes, and services to the growing field of the Internet of Things (IoT), this is an important preliminary question. Leveraging the IoT for firm benefit involves revisiting certain ideas that may have gone unquestioned for a long time. In this article, we begin by reviewing the complexity of the IoT, the complexities of an increasingly interconnected environment, and the increasing need to develop partnerships in order to create innovative solutions. We then offer practical insights from a case in which three actors with reciprocal specialties cooperated to create an IoT solution in the form of a connected appliance. While a shared spirit of optimism prevailed throughout the endeavor, reaching the finish line meant jumping a few hurdles along the way. Finally, we describe a number of fundamental issues related to business models, partnership strategy, data ownership, and technology diffusion that every enterprise should address before diving headfirst into the Internet of Things.
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| 8. |
- Storm, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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A Unifying Mechanism for Cancer Cell Death through Ion Channel Activation by HAMLET.
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion channels and ion fluxes control many aspects of tissue homeostasis. During oncogenic transformation, critical ion channel functions may be perturbed but conserved tumor specific ion fluxes remain to be defined. Here we used the tumoricidal protein-lipid complex HAMLET as a probe to identify ion fluxes involved in tumor cell death. We show that HAMLET activates a non-selective cation current, which reached a magnitude of 2.74±0.88 nA within 1.43±0.13 min from HAMLET application. Rapid ion fluxes were essential for HAMLET-induced carcinoma cell death as inhibitors (amiloride, BaCl2), preventing the changes in free cellular Na(+) and K(+) concentrations also prevented essential steps accompanying carcinoma cell death, including changes in morphology, uptake, global transcription, and MAP kinase activation. Through global transcriptional analysis and phosphorylation arrays, a strong ion flux dependent p38 MAPK response was detected and inhibition of p38 signaling delayed HAMLET-induced death. Healthy, differentiated cells were resistant to HAMLET challenge, which was accompanied by innate immunity rather than p38-activation. The results suggest, for the first time, a unifying mechanism for the initiation of HAMLET's broad and rapid lethal effect on tumor cells. These findings are particularly significant in view of HAMLET's documented therapeutic efficacy in human studies and animal models. The results also suggest that HAMLET offers a two-tiered therapeutic approach, killing cancer cells while stimulating an innate immune response in surrounding healthy tissues.
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| 9. |
- Westergren, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Associated with Spinach Plasma Membranes. Isolation and Characterization of Two Distinct Forms
- 1999
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - 1532-2548. ; 121:2, s. 507-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly purified plasma membranes from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves contained phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) kinase activity that was firmly associated with the membrane. The enzyme was solubilized by detergent treatment (2% [w/v] Triton X-100) and purified by heparin-Sepharose and Q-Sepharose chromatography. Two enzymically active fractions, QI and QII, both exhibiting PtdIns 4-kinase activity, were resolved and purified 100- to 300-fold over the plasma membrane. QI and QII shared similar high apparent Km values for ATP (approximately 0.45 mM) and PtdIns (approximately 0.2 mM) and were insensitive to inhibition by adenosine. While Mg2+ was the preferred divalent cation, Mn2+ could partly substitute in the reaction catalyzed by the QII enzyme but not in that catalyzed by QI. Mn2+ acted synergistically with suboptimal Mg2+ concentrations to activate not only the QII enzyme, but also to some extent QI. Both enzymes were inhibited by millimolar concentrations of Ca2+ and micromolar concentrations of wortmannin. The apparent molecular mass for QI was 120 kD, which was determined by SDS-PAGE and western blotting using an antibody against a peptide unique for lipid kinases and the binding of 3H-wortmannin, and for QII 65 kD as determined by immunodetection and renaturation of PtdIns kinase activity in the 65-kD region of polyacrylamide gels.
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| 10. |
- Westergren, Tomas
(författare)
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Plant Phosphoinositide Kinases. A Study of PtdIns 4-kinases and a PtdIns 4-phosphate 5-kinase.
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phosphoinositides are of particular interest in signal transduction processes as they can be sequentially phosphorylated and used as precursors for the intracellular messengers inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) that in turn affects calcium levels and protein kinase cascades, eventually leading to a physiological response. The activity and regulation of PtdIns 4-kinases and PtdInsP kinase was studied. Two distinct PtdIns 4-kinase activities were detected in spinach plasma membranes. They differed in size and response to metal ions. The larger one (120 kDa) has striking similarities to PtdIns 4-kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana. The smaller one (65 kDa) is so far unique. The PtdInsP kinase from A. thaliana, AtPIP5K1p, was shown to be regulated by phosphorylation in vitro, which represents the first indication of regulation of plant PtdIns metabolism by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation. Further characterisation of this enzyme, which is responsible for increased turnover of PtdIns(4,5)P2, revealed dual substrate specificity. It catalyses the formation of both PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 from PtdIns4P and PtdIns3P, respectively. Drought and salinity are among the most usual and hence significant of the stresses a plant must endure in nature and these stress factors are therefore also the most detrimental for crop yields. Phospholipids in suspension cultured A. thaliana cells were identified and characterised. Pulse-radiolabelling experiments revealed a dramatic turnover of several phospholipids including PtdIns(4,5)P2 diacylglycerolpyrophosphate and phosphatidylcholine in response to salinity and osmotic shock. Diacylglycerolpyrophosphate and phosphatidylcholine turnover in response to sorbitol as an osmotic agent, was much less dramatic than their response to salt. PtdIns(4,5)P2 turnover, on the other hand, was highly increased for both sorbitol and salt, indicating that plant cells can discern different osmotic stresses.
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