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- Ahmed, Taha, et al.
(författare)
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Phonon–phonon and electron–phonon coupling in nano-dimensional ZnO
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Thermal losses through vibrational coupling are critical bottlenecks limiting several materials classes from reaching their full potential. Altering the phonon–phonon and electron–phonon coupling by controlled suppression of vibrational degrees of freedom through low-dimensionality are promising but still largely unexplored approaches. Here we report a detailed study of the first- and second-order Raman processes as a function of size for low-dimensional ZnO. Wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles were synthesised into 3D frameworks of ZnO crystallites, with tailored crystallite diameters from 10 nm to 150 nm and characterised by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopy.We present a short derivation of how resonance Raman and the relation between the longitudinal optical (LO) phonons can be utilised to quantify the electron–phonon coupling, its merits, and limitations. Theoretical Raman response using density functional theory is corroborating the experimental data in assigning first- and second-order Raman modes. The Lyddane-Sachs-Teller equation was applied to the measured LO–TO split and revealed no change in the ratio between the static and high-frequency dielectric constant with changing ZnO dimension from 10 nm to 150 nm. The second-order Raman revealed a phonon–phonon coupling that generally increased with particle size and markedly so for differential modes. Resonance Raman showed the fundamental LO mode and the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th overtones. The intensity relation between the fundamental LO mode and its overtones enabled the extraction of the change in electron–phonon coupling via the Huang-Rhys parameter as a function of particle size, which showed an increase with particle size.
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- Alestig, Erik, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Core mutations, IL28B polymorphisms and response to peginterferon/ribavirin treatment in Swedish patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 respond poorly to standard treatment with 50% or less achieving sustained virologic response. Predicting outcome is essential and could help avoid unnecessary treatment and reduce health cost. Recently, an association of amino acid substitutions in the core region and treatment outcome was observed in Japanese patients. In the present study, the impact of these mutations on response kinetics and treatment outcome was explored in Caucasian patients. Methods: The core region of HCV pre-treatment samples obtained from 50 patients treated with peginterferon/ribavirin in a previous Swedish clinical trial with genotype 1 infection were sequenced. The alleles at rs12979860, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), were assessed in order to identify any co-association with this strong response predictor. Results: No association between treatment response and substitutions of core residue 91 was found. In contrast, substitutions of core residue 70 were observed in 6/21 (29%) non-responders, but only in one of 29 responders (p = 0.03), and were more common in subgenotype 1b (R70Q in 6 of 13 strains) than in 1a (R70P in 1 of 37 strains, p = 0.004). The rs12979860 SNP upstream of the IL28B gene was overall the strongest response predictor (p = 0.0001). Core 70 substitutions were associated with poorer response kinetics in patients carrying the CT genotype at rs12979860. Conclusions: The results indicate that substitutions of core residue 70 are related to treatment response in Caucasian patients with HCV-1b infection, but are of less importance than IL28B polymorphism.
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- Alimohammadi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 : NALP5 in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1
- 2006
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Ingår i: The New England Journal of Medicine. ; 358:10, s. 1018-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in AIRE, the autoimmune regulator gene. Though recent studies concerning AIRE deficiency have begun to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmunity in patients with APS-1, the autoantigen responsible for hypoparathyroidism, a hallmark of APS-1 and its most common autoimmune endocrinopathy, has not yet been identified. Methods We performed immunoscreening of a human parathyroid complementary DNA library, using serum samples from patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism, to identify patients with reactivity to the NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 (NALP5). Subsequently, serum samples from 87 patients with APS-1 and 293 controls, including patients with other autoimmune disorders, were used to determine the frequency and specificity of autoantibodies against NALP5. In addition, the expression of NALP5 was investigated in various tissues. Results NALP5-specific autoantibodies were detected in 49% of the patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism but were absent in all patients with APS-1 but without hypoparathyroidism, in all patients with other autoimmune endocrine disorders, and in all healthy controls. NALP5 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of parathyroid chief cells. Conclusions NALP5 appears to be a tissue-specific autoantigen involved in hypoparathyroidism in patients with APS-1. Autoantibodies against NALP5 appear to be highly specific and may be diagnostic for this prominent component of APS-1.
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- Alimohammadi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and NALP5, a parathyroid autoantigen
- 2008
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 358:10, s. 1018-1028
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in AIRE, the autoimmune regulator gene. Though recent studies concerning AIRE deficiency have begun to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmunity in patients with APS-1, the autoantigen responsible for hypoparathyroidism, a hallmark of APS-1 and its most common autoimmune endocrinopathy, has not yet been identified. METHODS: We performed immunoscreening of a human parathyroid complementary DNA library, using serum samples from patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism, to identify patients with reactivity to the NACHT leucine-rich-repeat protein 5 (NALP5). Subsequently, serum samples from 87 patients with APS-1 and 293 controls, including patients with other autoimmune disorders, were used to determine the frequency and specificity of autoantibodies against NALP5. In addition, the expression of NALP5 was investigated in various tissues. RESULTS: NALP5-specific autoantibodies were detected in 49% of the patients with APS-1 and hypoparathyroidism but were absent in all patients with APS-1 but without hypoparathyroidism, in all patients with other autoimmune endocrine disorders, and in all healthy controls. NALP5 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of parathyroid chief cells. CONCLUSIONS: NALP5 appears to be a tissue-specific autoantigen involved in hypoparathyroidism in patients with APS-1. Autoantibodies against NALP5 appear to be highly specific and may be diagnostic for this prominent component of APS-1.
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- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A virtual diorama: Methodologising the digital artefact in cultural heritage research
- 2019
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Ingår i: Current Discourses and Global Challenges, 7-8 November 2019, Critical Heritage Studies, University of Gothenburg.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During a restoration of the Romanesque church in Hemse in 1896, the remains of a stave church were found as reused floor tiles. The discovery was important at the time, providing new information to a prestigious research field with few sources of knowledge. Today the church’s stave members are esoteric museum artefacts, “re-membered” in various forms of production of history. This poster sets out from an in-deep re-examination and virtual reconstruction of the remains from this stave church. The digital reconstruction functions as a virtual diorama to contextualize the diffused and decontextualized remains and contemporaneous religious artefacts. The aim is methodological, to explore the uses of the digital artefact in the research process. The reconstruction is less of a static representation of our knowledge than a historical laboratory through which archive material can be activated and hypotheses can be tested. We seek to methodologise the virtual diorama, using the technology for testing hypothesis and observe the effects when enacting the environment. The presented research is ongoing and we invite for discussion. How can we, through the digital artefact, elicit the sensuous aspects of a virtual place, and at the same time communicate the rigour of research and display the ambiguities of the reconstruction? How can we in an intelligible way map and reference the archive materials without interfering with the presence effect of the diorama? What are the challenges to present an interactive virtual reality file as a self-standing research output? How can we develop the digital artefact to better engage both researchers and the public in a dialogue on the premises of cultural heritage research?
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- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Built cultural heritage in Antarctica : remains and uses of the first Swedish SouthPolar expedition 1901–1903
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 1901, Otto Nordenskjöld led the first Swedish South Polar expedition with a multidisciplinary team of researchers in geology, geography, biology and medicine. The original plan was to hibernate in Antarctica and stay for one year to survey the land, measure the climate, and collect samples, but their ship was wrecked and the expedition came to last more than two years. Today, the remains from this expedition are protected as cultural heritage according to the Antarctic Treaty and they have been maintained by Argentinian efforts. Among five protected cultural environments, the wooden research station on Snow Hill Island stands out. Sweden joined the Antarctic Treaty in 1984 but has not actively engaged in the management of cultural heritage there until the CHAQ2020 expedition in 2020. The fieldwork presented in this report was carried out in Antarctica with the purposes of documenting and assessing the condition of the remains and providing a knowledge base for policy and decision-making concerning Swedish cultural heritage in Antarctica.
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