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- Ahmed, Taha, et al.
(författare)
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Phonon–phonon and electron–phonon coupling in nano-dimensional ZnO
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Thermal losses through vibrational coupling are critical bottlenecks limiting several materials classes from reaching their full potential. Altering the phonon–phonon and electron–phonon coupling by controlled suppression of vibrational degrees of freedom through low-dimensionality are promising but still largely unexplored approaches. Here we report a detailed study of the first- and second-order Raman processes as a function of size for low-dimensional ZnO. Wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles were synthesised into 3D frameworks of ZnO crystallites, with tailored crystallite diameters from 10 nm to 150 nm and characterised by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopy.We present a short derivation of how resonance Raman and the relation between the longitudinal optical (LO) phonons can be utilised to quantify the electron–phonon coupling, its merits, and limitations. Theoretical Raman response using density functional theory is corroborating the experimental data in assigning first- and second-order Raman modes. The Lyddane-Sachs-Teller equation was applied to the measured LO–TO split and revealed no change in the ratio between the static and high-frequency dielectric constant with changing ZnO dimension from 10 nm to 150 nm. The second-order Raman revealed a phonon–phonon coupling that generally increased with particle size and markedly so for differential modes. Resonance Raman showed the fundamental LO mode and the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th overtones. The intensity relation between the fundamental LO mode and its overtones enabled the extraction of the change in electron–phonon coupling via the Huang-Rhys parameter as a function of particle size, which showed an increase with particle size.
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- Hammerlid, Eva, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Quality-of-life effects of psychosocial intervention in patients with head and neck cancer.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. - 0194-5998. ; 120:4, s. 507-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- METHODS: Two studies of psychosocial interventions in head and neck cancer patients at different stages of their disease were performed. We explored the feasibility and effectiveness of different approaches, offered for the first time to this population. The first study concerned long-term group psychological therapy for patients with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer. Quality of life was measured longitudinally for 1 year and compared with that of a control group. The second study comprised a short-term psychoeducational program 1 year after treatment for head and neck cancer. Quality-of-life assessments were made repeatedly from diagnosis until 1 month after the intervention. RESULTS: Thirteen patients started the psychological group therapy, and 8 of them completed both the intervention and evaluation procedure. The quality of life of the therapy group improved more than that of a control group in most areas measured during the study year, in particular psychiatric morbidity, social functioning, emotional functioning, and global quality of life. The results indicate benefits from the therapy, although the therapy group scored worse than the control group at diagnosis. Most of the variables representing functioning and symptoms improved after the 1-week psychoeducational program, especially items reflecting "trouble eating" and "problems enjoying your meals." Patients' judgments of the intervention quality indicated satisfaction with all separate elements, mostly education, about cancer and the opportunity to socialize with the other guests. CONCLUSION: These pilot studies suggest that head and neck cancer patients can benefit from different psychosocial interventions. Quality-of-life questionnaires were well accepted and sensitive to changes during the studies. Thus our early findings seem promising and would justify confirmation in larger studies.
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- Lavers Westin, Alexandra, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Combining material flow analysis with life cycle assessment to identify environmental hotspots of urban consumption
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 226, s. 526-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the global environmental impacts of local consumption is an area of growing interest among policymakers and consumers. By knowing what products comprise urban consumption “hotspots,” municipalities and consumers alike could take deliberate actions to target and discourage consumption of high-impact products. In this paper, a new method for identifying environmental hotspots of consumption is presented. The main methodological advances are the following: i) material flow analysis of urban areas and life cycle assessment are combined; ii) a 16-year time-series of urban consumption data is used for selection of the most suitable representative products and for trend analysis; iii) representative products are selected systematically from consumption data of 1000 product types; iv) representative products are scaled up to represent consumption of the product groups; v) hotspots are identified by simultaneously evaluating six environmental impacts - acidification, climate change, eutrophication (marine and freshwater), photochemical ozone formation, and resource use; vi) for the case study, hotspots are connected to the city's profiles. The method was applied to the Swedish cities Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo and to Sweden in total. Electronics is a hotspot for all the studied areas and all the studied impacts and should be a prioritized product group for action. Fuel is a hotspot shared by all the areas while vehicles is a hotspot in Gothenburg. Meat is a nationwide hotspot, but not for the cities investigated. Gothenburg and Stockholm could collaborate to find effective measures for their common hotspot machinery. Thus, the method can be used to identify hotspots and find which product types could be part of national versus local programs.
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- Lennartsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Kulturprägel i fjällnära skog
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den fjällnära skogen är inte orördMänniskan har vistats i, och nyttjat, fjällnära skog sedan förhistorisk tid och det finns en lång kontinuitet av kulturpåverkan: runt samiska fångst- och fiskeplatser, flyttleder och visten, kring nybyggen och fäbodar och kring gruvor och smältverk. Alla dessa nyttjandeformer måste ha präglat naturen och tillsammans byggt upp kulturlandskap, till exempel genom att skogens sammansättning ändrades och betesformade naturtyper och ibland även helt avskogade områden skapades. Särskilt ren- och kreatursbete, slåtter och vedhuggning kan antas ha präglat ekosystemen.Brist på kunskap om fjällnära skog som kulturlandskapFjäll och fjällnära natur har dock inte studerats lika mycket som sydsvenska landskap med utgångspunkt från nyttjandehistoria, och de flesta kulturpräglade naturtyperna och det biologiska kulturarvet är förmodligen okända eller inte beskrivna i litteraturen. Därmed är det svårt att tolka och beskriva kulturpräglad natur, inte minst i samiska kulturlandskap. Av samma anledning är det brist på kunskap om nyttjandehistoriens betydelse för biologisk mångfald och naturvård. Flera ekologiskt viktiga strukturer i fjällnära skog är dock troligen gynnade av eller rentav knutna till tidigare nyttjande, exempelvis lövträd, ljusformade och solexponerade ved- och trädsubstrat och mosaiker av träd och öppen mark, ofta med artrik betesvegetation i skog och vid skogsgränsen. Andra exempel är nött mark längs flyttleder och i skogsbeten och artrik slåttervegetation i våtmarker. En viktig slutsats är att det behövs fler beskrivningar av kulturpräglade fjällnära naturtyper, fler tolkningar av biologiskt kulturarv och fler analyser av samband mellan kulturpåverkan och biologisk mångfald.Det behövs ett brett arbete för skydd, förvaltning och kunskapsuppbyggnadKunskapen om var människor vistats och påverkat ekosystem i det fjällnära landskapet är ofullständig, vilket gör att det inte går att skapa en säker bild av var vi kan förvänta oss kulturpräglad natur, respektive naturskog med mycket få eller inga kulturspår. Därför behöver all skötselplanering i naturreservat och all hantering av nyckelbiotoper och avverkningsanmälningar innefatta en översiktlig inventering av kulturpåverkan och kulturspår. Det kräver kompetensutveckling hos handläggare och samverkan mellan myndigheter.För att öka kunskapen behövs också fallstudier med fältundersökningar i både samiska och jordbruksnyttjade miljöer. Genom samverkan mellan olika experter och lokala informanter kan fallstudierna kombinera ekologisk, historisk-arkeologisk och traditionell kunskap.
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| 7. |
- Ljung, Tomas, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Inventering av biologiskt kulturarv
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fältmanual till biologiskt kulturarv Föreliggande skrift är framför allt en fältmanual till biologiskt kulturarv (och ett urval av andra biologiska kulturbärare), en checklista med bilder och beskrivningar. Det tar också upp några aspekter på själva metodiken för inventering, kartering och tolkning. Fältmanualen omfattar de vanligaste aspekterna av biologiskt kulturarv som man kan hitta i svenska landskap från söder till norr. Listan beskriver biologiskt kulturarv huvudsakligen från nivåerna egenskaper, individer och artförekomster enligt RAÄ:s indelning.
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| 8. |
- Nenonen, Nancy P, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Norovirus GII.4 Detection in Environmental Samples from Patient Rooms during Nosocomial Outbreaks
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 52:7, s. 2352-2358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norovirus (NoV) is an important cause of nosocomial gastroenteric outbreaks. This 5-month study was designed to characterize NoV contamination and airborne dispersal in patient rooms during hospital outbreaks. Air vents, overbed tables, washbasins, dust, and virus traps designed to collect charged particles from the air were swabbed to investigate the possibility of NoV contamination in patient rooms during outbreaks in seven wards and in an outbreak-free ward. Symptomatic inpatients were also sampled. Nucleic acid extracts of the samples were examined for NoV RNA using genogroup I (GI) and GII real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The NoV strains were characterized by RT-PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase-N/S capsid-coding region (1,040 nucleotides [nt]). Patient strains from two outbreaks in one ward were sequenced across the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase major capsid-coding region (2.5 kb), including the hypervariable P2 domain. In the outbreak wards, NoV GII was detected in 48 of 101 (47%) environmental swabs and 63 of 108 patients (58%); NoV genotype II.4 was sequenced from 18 environmental samples, dust (n = 8), virus traps (n = 4), surfaces (n = 6), and 56 patients. In contrast, NoV GII was detected in 2 (GII. 4) of 28 (7%) environmental samples and in 2 (GII. 6 and GII. 4) of 17 patients in the outbreak-free ward. Sequence analyses revealed a high degree of similarity (>99.5%, 1,040 nt) between NoV GII.4 environmental and patient strains from a given ward at a given time. The strains clustered on 11 subbranches of the phylogenetic tree, with strong correlations to time and place. The high nucleotide similarity between the NoV GII.4 strains from patients and their hospital room environment provided molecular evidence of GII.4 dispersal in the air and dust; therefore, interventional cleaning studies are justified.
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| 9. |
- Nenonen, Nancy P., et al.
(författare)
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Norovirus GII.4 Detection in Environmental Samples from Patient Rooms during Nosocomial Outbreaks
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 52:7, s. 2352-2358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norovirus (NoV) is an important cause of nosocomial gastroenteric outbreaks. This 5-month study was designed to characterize NoV contamination and airborne dispersal in patient rooms during hospital outbreaks. Air vents, overbed tables, washbasins, dust, and virus traps designed to collect charged particles from the air were swabbed to investigate the possibility of NoV contamination in patient rooms during outbreaks in seven wards and in an outbreak-free ward. Symptomatic inpatients were also sampled. Nucleic acid extracts of the samples were examined for NoV RNA using genogroup I (GI) and GII real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The NoV strains were characterized by RT-PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase-N/S capsid-coding region (1,040 nucleotides [nt]). Patient strains from two outbreaks in one ward were sequenced across the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase major capsid-coding region (2.5 kb), including the hypervariable P2 domain. In the outbreak wards, NoV GII was detected in 48 of 101 (47%) environmental swabs and 63 of 108 patients (58%); NoV genotype II.4 was sequenced from 18 environmental samples, dust (n = 8), virus traps (n = 4), surfaces (n = 6), and 56 patients. In contrast, NoV GII was detected in 2 (GII. 4) of 28 (7%) environmental samples and in 2 (GII. 6 and GII. 4) of 17 patients in the outbreak-free ward. Sequence analyses revealed a high degree of similarity (greater than99.5%, 1,040 nt) between NoV GII.4 environmental and patient strains from a given ward at a given time. The strains clustered on 11 subbranches of the phylogenetic tree, with strong correlations to time and place. The high nucleotide similarity between the NoV GII.4 strains from patients and their hospital room environment provided molecular evidence of GII.4 dispersal in the air and dust; therefore, interventional cleaning studies are justified.
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