| 1. |
- Akselsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of N load and harvest intensity on the risk of P limitation in Swedish forest soils
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 404, s. 284-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen (N) is often considered to be the major factor limiting tree growth in northern forest ecosystems. An increased N availability, however, increases the demand for other nutrients such as base cations and phosphorous (P) which in turn may change which nutrient is the limiting factor. If P or base cations become limiting, N will start to leach which means a risk of increased eutrophication of surface waters. As many studies focus on base cations, this study instead aims at estimating P budgets on a regional scale for different harvesting scenarios relevant for Swedish conditions. P budget calculations were carried out for 14,550 coniferous sites from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, as weathering+deposition–harvesting–leaching. Three scenarios with different harvest intensities were used: 1) no harvesting, 2) stem harvesting and 3) wholetree harvesting. The input data were derived from measurements and model results. The P budget estimates indicate that harvesting, especially whole-tree harvesting, result in net losses of P in large parts of Sweden. The highest losses were found in southern Sweden due to high growth rate in this area. In the whole-tree harvesting scenario the losses exceeded 1 kg ha−1 y−1 on many sites. N budget calculations on the same sites indicate that N generally accumulates in the whole country and especially in the southern parts. Consequently, the N and P budget calculations indicate that the forests in southern Sweden are in a transition phase from N-to P-limitation to growth. This transition will proceed as long as the accumulation of N continues. These results are important in a sustainable forestry context, as a basis for assessing the risk of future N leaching, and in designing recommendations for abatement strategies of N deposition and for application of wood ash recycling and N fertilization.
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| 2. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Coping and suicide risk in high risk psychiatric patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Mental Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8237 .- 1360-0567. ; 29:1, s. 27-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A dysfunctional use of coping strategies has repeatedly been linked to suicidal behaviour in non-psychiatric populations. However, data regarding association between coping strategies and suicidal behaviour in psychiatric populations are limited. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship between self-reported suicide risk, suicidal ideation and coping strategies in three psychiatric cohorts. Method: Three cohorts of psychiatric patients were involved in the study; recent suicide attempters (n = 55), suicide attempters at follow-up 12 years after a suicide attempt (n = 38) and patients with ongoing depression without attempted suicide (n = 72). Patients filled in the self-rating version of The Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS-S) from which items no. 17–20 addressing current suicidal ideation were extracted. To investigate coping strategies, the Coping Orientation of Problem Experience Inventory (COPE) was used. Results: In all cohorts, regression analyses showed that only avoidant coping was significantly correlated with the scores of SUAS-S adjusted for covariates. The items no. 17–20 correlated significantly to avoidant coping but not with other coping strategies in all cohorts. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that among coping strategies only avoidant coping may be associated with suicide risk in psychiatric patients independently of history of attempted suicide.
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| 3. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Inverse association between serum albumin and depressive symptoms among drug-free individuals with a recent suicide attempt
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 73:4-5, s. 229-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM: Albumin is a protein with multifaceted functions in the human body. According to many studies, lower serum albumin may be associated with depression in various groups of psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients, as well as with attempted suicide. As more severe depressive symptoms have been identified as a reliable risk factor for suicide in patients with high suicide risk, it would be of interest to study whether, the inverse association between depressive symptoms and albumin may exist among patients with attempted suicide. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the possible association between albumin and depressive symptoms among individuals who recently attempted suicide.METHODS: One-hundred twenty-seven individuals with a recent suicide attempt were involved in the study between 1987 and 2001. Albumin was analyzed in serum. Patients were evaluated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) from which the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the item assessing Apparent sadness were derived.RESULTS: Only among patients aged ≥45, serum albumin levels were significantly and negatively correlated with total scores of MADRS and the item Apparent sadness (all p values <.00625).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate an inverse association between serum albumin and the severity of depressive symptoms in individuals who attempted suicide, older than 45 years.
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| 4. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Leptin, Anxiety Symptoms, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity among Drug-Free, Female Suicide Attempters
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 78:3, s. 145-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of leptin secretion and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be involved in the pathophysiology of suicide. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown interactions between the HPA axis and leptin. There is also evidence for a negative relationship between leptin and anxiety in humans. However, these possible associations have not been studied in individuals with attempted suicide.OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between leptin, HPA axis activity, and anxiety in individuals with a recent suicide attempt.METHOD: Sixty-nine individuals with a recent suicide attempt (n = 37 females; n = 32 males) were recruited and subjected to the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST), lumbar puncture, and evaluation with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale from which the Brief Scale for Anxiety (BSA) was derived. Leptin was analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cortisol in serum. Leptin was corrected for body mass index (BMI) by dividing CSF-leptin by BMI (CSF-leptin/BMI). Due to gender-related differences in leptin secretion and HPA axis activity, calculations were made for males and females separately.RESULTS: Significant differences were only found among females; CSF-leptin/BMI levels correlated significantly and negatively with BSA (p < 0.05), pre-DST cortisol, and post-DST serum cortisol at 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, CSF-leptin/BMI was significantly lower in nonsuppressors of dexamethasone as compared to suppressors (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that in females with a recent suicide attempt, low CSF leptin may be related to symptoms of anxiety and a hyperactive HPA axis.
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| 5. |
- Baresel, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Handbok för rening av mikroföroreningar vid avloppsreningsverk
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport redovisar projektet SystemLäk - Systemförslag för rening av läkemedelsrester och andra prioriterade svårnedbrytbara ämnen en samlad bild av kunskapsläget kring avancerade reningstekniker för rening av läkemedelsrester och andra prioriterade svårnedbrytbara substanser, även kallade mikroföroreningar. När ett reningsverk beslutat att implementera kompletterande reningssteg för rening av mikroföroreningar, bör en kartering genomföras, som visar på vilka mikroföroreningar det aktuella reningsverket tar emot. När reningsverket har kännedom om vilka mikroföroreningar som belastar verket bör ett övergripande mål för reningen beslutas, det vill säga, vilka mikroföroreningar som ska renas, och till vilken grad. Vägledning för genomförande av kartering, samt hur dess resultat kan tolkas, presenteras i denna rapport. Efter beslut om övergripande reningsmål, men innan beslut av slutligt teknikval, bör reningsverkets specifika förutsättningar och begränsningar identifieras. Är anläggningens infrastruktur mer eller mindre lämpad för någon särskild teknik? Finns icke utnyttjade utrymmen eller volymer som kan nyttjas? Vilken reningseffektivitet av mikroföroreningar uppnås i dagsläget? Finns några framtidsplaner för reningsverket som kan påverka teknikvalet? För att bekräfta att potentiella tekniker fungerar bör pilotförsök genomföras vid det specifika reningsverket. Pilottesterna bör inte enbart beakta reningseffektivitet utan även kostnader, resursförbrukning och behov av arbetskraft. Studiebesök vid samt erfarenhetsutbyte med andra reningsverk med samma reningsteknik implementerad rekommenderas. När det fastställts vilket teknikval som är mest lämpligt vid det specifika reningsverket bör offerter tas in från minst tre olika teknikleverantörer. Offerter samt implementeringsunderlag bör granskas och godkännas av oberoende part. Vid upphandling bör garantier för framgångsrik implementering ingå. Noggrann uppföljning av idrifttagande rekommenderas.
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| 6. |
- Baresel, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Läkemedelsrester och andra skadliga ämnen i avloppsreningsverk - koncentrationer, kvantifiering, beteende och reningsalternativ
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många läkemedelsrester och andra prioriterade substanser passerar igenom dagens avloppsreningsverk (ARV) och hamnar antingen i slammet eller i recipienten, ibland i nivåer som kan påverka vattenlevande organismer. Substanser som släpps ut via avlopps-reningsverk kan också anrikas i den akvatiska näringskedjan och orsaka effekter i högre organismer såsom fiskätande fåglar eller däggdjur, inklusive människor. Studier har också visat att antibiotika som hamnar i miljön kan bidra till uppkomsten av antibiotikaresistenta gener i bakterier, vilket är ett allvarligt globalt hot mot möjligheten att bota livshotande sjukdomar. Eftersom nuvarande vattenreningstekniker har utvecklats främst för att avlägsna partikulärt material samt kväve och fosfor är de oftast inte anpassade för att rena bort mikrobiellt stabila kemiska föroreningar. Utvärderingar av effektiviteten hos olika behandlingstekniker för avlägsnande av sådana ämnen baseras vanligtvis på analyser av förekomst av ett ämne i inkommande och utgående vatten från reningsverket. Det finns dock problem med detta tillvägagångssätt eftersom vissa ämnen metaboliseras till potentiellt mer skadliga substanser, som då inte automatiskt fångas i analysen. Dessutom kan vissa ämnen spontant bildas i reningsverken, vilket kan resultera i högre nivåer i utgående än i inkommande vatten. Ett ytterligare problem är att de utgående koncentrationerna ibland kan vara lägre än detektions-gränserna, men trots det ändå vara högre än eller nära etablerade risknivåer. This report is only available in Swedish.
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| 7. |
- Baresel, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmaceutical residues and other emerging substances in the effluent of sewage treatment plants
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pharmaceutical residues and other emerging substances pass through modern sewage treatment plants (STPs) and end up in the receiving waters and sludge. In several studies, recipient concentrations have been detected with expected effects on aquatic organisms. Chemicals released via STPs may also enter the aquatic food-web and cause effects in higher organisms such as fish-eating birds or mammals including humans. Studies have also shown that antibiotics in the environment may contribute to the increase of antibiotic resistant genes in bacteria, which is a serious threat to our possibility to cure life-threatening diseases on the global scale. Current STP treatment technologies are usually not fit to remove microbial stable chemical pollutants and the evaluation of the removal efficiency of the STP systems applied today, is not complete. The evaluation of the removal efficiency of the substances in the STP systems is usually based on chemical analysis of the presence of certain substances in influent and effluent waters. However, there are difficulties associated with this approach, e.g. since some substances are metabolized into potentially more harmful substances which are not captured in the analysis unless they are actively sought for. Furthermore, some substances are formed in the STPs, resulting in higher levels in effluents than in influents. In addition, effluent concentrations may sometimes be lower than the analytical detection limits, yet still higher than or close to established risk concentrations emphasizing the need for developments of the analytical methods.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bjärehed, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A thematic analysis of care provider experiences of using self-harm abstinence agreements in psychiatric inpatient care
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nursing Open. - : Wiley. - 2054-1058. ; 8:4, s. 1660-1667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Traditional methods used when managing self-harm in a psychiatric inpatient setting tend to infringe on the autonomy of the individuals receiving treatment and are often experienced as practically and emotionally challenging by care providers. Therefore, we examined care providers' experiences of an alternative method negotiating self-harm abstinence agreements, which can be viewed as a form of positive risk taking.DESIGN: A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with twelve mental health professionals.METHODS: Thematic analysis of the interviews.RESULTS: Five themes emerged; "No-harm agreements versus constant observation and coercion," "No-harm agreements to promote independence and collaboration," "No-harm agreements' effect on ward safety," "Ambiguity surrounding the no-harm agreements" and "Ethical complexities of the no-harm agreements." These indicated perceived positive effects on the therapeutic relationship, the individuals' autonomous functioning and the ward environment, but also practical and ethical difficulties.
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