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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B, et al.
(författare)
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Initiation of acute pancreatitis by heparan sulphate in the rat.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 43:4, s. 480-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The initiating events in the onset of pancreatitis are poorly understood. Possible candidates may be endogenous ligands, acting on receptors within ductal, acinar or stellate cells, which have previously been shown to cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute pancreatitis could be induced by heparan sulphate (HS)infused into the pancreatic ducts in the rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrograde biliary-pancreatic infusion of heparan sulphate of different structures, taurodeoxycholate (TDC) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was performed. Local pancreatic inflammation was evaluated after 6 h by means of morphological evaluation, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and levels of plasma amylase. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by measuring plasma IL-6, MCP-1 and CINC-1 concentrations. RESULTS: Heparan sulphate induced a local inflammatory response visualized as a rapid infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the pancreas. Heparan sulphate induced inflammation and oedema without causing damage to acinar cells, as measured by morphological changes and plasma amylase concentrations. Furthermore, an increase in serum concentrations of CINC-1 and IL-6 was seen. The positive control (TDC) had increased levels of all variables analysed and the negative control (heparan sulphate administered intraperitoneally) was without effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a receptor-mediated innate immune response of the pancreatic cells induced by heparan sulphate. This finding may be helpful in elucidating some of the mechanisms involved during the initiation of pancreatitis, as well as in the search for a potential future therapeutic application.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Jakob B, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal bacteria and permeability during experimental acute pancreatitis in rats
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Gastroenterology. - 1108-7471. ; 19:3, s. 276-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An increase in intestinal permeability and subsequent bacterial translocation has been demonstrated in critical illness. Cellulose derivatives have in the past been shown to reduce gut leakage following liver resection. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in microbial counts in experimental acute pancreatitis and the effect of pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives and N-acetyl cysteine. Subjects: 92 male Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal taurodeoxycholic acid infusion. Animals received oral pretreatment and were randomized to either sham operation or the pancreatitis groups, with or without pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives, the antioxidant or their combinations. Intestinal bacterial populations and permeability were evaluated using bacterial counts and Ussing chamber, respectively. Results: The number of E. coli increased in the luminal content and ileal and colonic mucosa, but levels were restored to almost those seen in controls in all pre-treatment groups except for N-acetyl cysteine. When intestinal permeability was measured, none of the treatment groups showed significant differences compared to challenge, except for Nacetyl cysteine, which significantly increased permeability. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with cellulose derivatives was more efficient against disturbances in intestinal permeability and microbial populations than the antioxidant Nacetyl cysteine.
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| 4. |
- Dereke, J., et al.
(författare)
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Structural and immunoendocrine remodeling in gut, pancreas and thymus in weaning rats fed powdered milk diets rich in Maillard reactants
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western diet is extending worldwide and suspected to be associated with various metabolic diseases. Many food products have skim milk powder added to it and, during processing, lactose reacts with milk proteins and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are formed. Dietary MRPs are suggested risk factors for metabolic dysregulation, but the mechanisms behind are still enigmatic. Here we describe that weaning rats fed diets rich in MRPs are affected in both their immune and endocrine systems. Marked structural changes in pancreas, intestine and thymus are noted already after 1 week of exposure. The pancreatic islets become sparser, the intestinal mucosa is thinner, and thymus displays increased apoptosis and atrophy. Glucagon- like peptide-1 (GLP-1) seems to play a key role in that the number of GLP-1 expressing cells is up-regulated in endocrine pancreas but down-regulated in the intestinal mucosa. Further, intestinal GLP-1-immunoreactive cells are juxta positioned not only to nerve fibres and tuft cells, as previously described, but also to intraepithelial CD3 positive T cells, rendering them a strategic location in metabolic regulation. Our results suggest dietary MRPs to cause metabolic disorders, dysregulation of intestinal GLP-1- immunoreactive cells, arrest in pancreas development and thymus atrophy.
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| 8. |
- Ekblad, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Innervation of the small intestine.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biology of the Intestine in Growing Animals. - 9780444509284 - 0444509283 ; , s. 235-235
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intestinal activities are controlled and co-ordinated by way of neuronal reflexes involving both extrinsic and intramural neurones, the enteric nervous system (ENS). This review focuses on the organisation, development and functional properties of the intestinal innervation and of the neurotransmitters utilised.
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| 9. |
- Hillman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Skim milk powder with high content of Maillard reaction products affect weight gain, organ development and intestinal inflammation in early life in rats
- 2019
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Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915. ; 125, s. 78-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The intestinal tract is important for development of immune tolerance and disturbances are suggested to trigger autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Maillard products in skim milk powder obtained after long storage, compared to fresh skim milk powder. Methods: Young rats were weaned onto a diet based on skim milk powder with high concentration of Maillard products (HM-SM, n = 18) or low (C-SM, n = 18) for one week or four weeks. Weekly body weight and feed consumption were noted. At the end, organ weights, intestinal histology, permeability and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Results: Rats fed with HM-SM had after one week, 15% less weight gain than controls, despite equal feed intake. After one week thymus and spleen were smaller, intestinal mucosa thickness was increased and acute inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-1β, MCP-1) were elevated. After four weeks, cytokines associated with chronic intestinal inflammation (fractalkine, IP-10, leptin, LIX, MIP-2, RANTES and VEGF) were increased in rats fed with HM-SM compared to C-SM. Conclusion: High content of Maillard products in stored milk powder caused an intestinal inflammation. Whether this is relevant for tolerance development and future autoimmune diseases remains to be explored.
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| 10. |
- Prykhodko, O., et al.
(författare)
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Early treatment with pancreatic-like microbial-derived enzymes during the preweaning period promotes growth in growing–finishing pigs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 94:7, s. 150-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment with pancreatic or pancreatic-like microbial enzymes during the suckling period has positive effects on the gut, resulting in a better fat absorption and improved barrier function in pigs. The present study investigated the effects of pancreaticlike enzyme treatment during the pre- or postweaning period on pig growth and nitrogen utilization. Suckling 7- to 14-d-old pigs were gavage fed with a microbial-derived enzyme preparation (amylase, protease, and lipase) in a split-litter mode (13 litters) once (n = 29), twice (n = 35), or untreated (controls; n = 66). All pigs were then raised under the same standard production conditions and received the same diets, and their BW and feed intake were monitored until slaughter. Another set of 35-d-old pigs, on the day of weaning, were placed in metabolic cages and fed a diet with or without enzyme supplementation for 2 wk (n = 4/group). Feed consumption was measured daily, and at the end of each week, BW was recorded and urine and feces were collected during 72 h for nitrogen analysis. Dietary enzyme supplementation after weaning in selected doses had no major effect on feed consumption, nitrogen retention, or growth compared with the control. In contrast, enzyme treatment during the suckling period gave improved growth, with increased BW at 6 mo of age, 105 ± 16 vs. 97 ± 15 kg for the controls (P < 0.05), and those pigs reached slaughter weight earlier than untreated controls. In addition, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased, thus lowering nitrogen excretion per kilogram BW gain in the enzymetreated group compared with the untreated controls (3.0 vs. 2.7, respectively). We conclude that enzyme supplementation during the suckling period was beneficial for both pig performance and environment protection, probably due to an induced improved maturation of the gut having a long-term impact on feed utilization and growth after weaning.
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