| 1. |
- Abdulkadir, Sazan Abass, et al.
(författare)
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Potential Drug-Related Problems in Pediatric Patients-Describing the Use of a Clinical Decision Support System at Pharmacies in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pharmacy. - : MDPI. - 2226-4787. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical support system Electronic Expert Support (EES) is available at all pharmacies in Sweden to examine electronic prescriptions when dispensing to prevent drug-related problems (DRPs). DRPs are common, and result in patient suffering and substantial costs for society. The aim of this research was to study the use of EES for the pediatric population (ages 0-12 years), by describing what types of alerts are generated for potential DRPs, how they are handled, and how the use of EES has changed over time. Data on the number and categories of EES analyses, alerts, and resolved alerts were provided by the Swedish eHealth Agency. The study shows that the use of EES has increased. The most common type of alert for a potential DRP among pediatric patients was regarding high doses in children (30.3% of all alerts generated). The most common type of alert for a potential DRP that was resolved among pediatrics was therapy duplication (4.6% of the alerts were resolved). The most common reason for closing an alert was dialogue with patient for verification of the treatment (66.3% of all closed alerts). Knowledge of which type of alerts are the most common may contribute to increased prescriber awareness of important potential DRPs.
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| 2. |
- Ágh, Tamás, et al.
(författare)
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A Cross-Sectional Survey on Medication Management Practices for Noncommunicable Diseases in Europe During the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1663-9812. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maintaining healthcare for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, diversion of resources to acute care, and physical distancing restrictions markedly affected management of NCDs. We aimed to assess the medication management practices in place for NCDs during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic across European countries. In December 2020, the European Network to Advance Best practices & technoLogy on medication adherencE (ENABLE) conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey in 38 European and one non-European countries. Besides descriptive statistics of responses, nonparametric tests and generalized linear models were used to evaluate the impact on available NCD services of the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Fifty-three collaborators from 39 countries completed the survey. In 35 (90%) countries face-to-face primary-care, and out-patient consultations were reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean ± SD number of available forms of teleconsultation services in the public healthcare system was 3 ± 1.3. Electronic prescriptions were available in 36 (92%) countries. Online ordering and home delivery of prescription medication (avoiding pharmacy visits) were available in 18 (46%) and 26 (67%) countries, respectively. In 20 (51%) countries our respondents were unaware of any national guidelines regarding maintaining medication availability for NCDs, nor advice for patients on how to ensure access to medication and adherence during the pandemic. Our results point to an urgent need for a paradigm shift in NCD-related healthcare services to assure the maintenance of chronic pharmacological treatments during COVID-19 outbreaks, as well as possible future disasters.
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| 3. |
- Almkvist, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Kvalitetsbokslut minskade läkemedelskostnaderna i primärvården : Stockholms läns landstings modell för decentraliserat kostnadsansvar
- 2008
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 105:42, s. 2930-2934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing drug expenditures have resulted in various models to increase cost consciousness among prescribing doctors. In the County of Stockholm, Sweden, a model for quality assessment of prescribing was introduced in 2006. In all, 139 of 154 primary healthcare centres (PHCs) signed a contract linking extra payment to the adherence to the Drug and Therapeutics Committee guidelines if they analysed their prescribing behaviour in an annual quality report. During the first year, the adherence to guidelines increased from 80 to 83%, substantially higher than the 0-2% annual increase that had been observed previous years. The increase was similar for those PHCs not participating in the program. Qualitative analyses of all written quality reports indicate that the incentive scheme has resulted in an increased interest in quality assessment of drug prescribing. In total, 20 million SEK was spent on incentives, with estimated savings of 100 million SEK on drug expenditures.
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| 4. |
- Bondesson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of healthcare and prescription medicines after non-pharmacological interventions for depression - A 3-year register follow-up of an RCT in primary care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common, recurrent disorder. There is a need for readily available treatments with few negative side effects, that demands little resources and that are effective both in the short- and long term. Our aim was to investigate the long-term effectiveness of two different interventions; physical exercise and internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (internet-CBT), compared to usual care in patients with mild to moderate depression in a Swedish primary care setting. We performed a register-based 3-year follow-up study of participants in the randomized controlled trial REGASSA (n = 940) using healthcare utilization and dispensed medicines as outcomes. We found no difference between the three groups regarding proportion of participants consulting healthcare due to mental illness or pain during follow-up. Regarding number of consultations, there was no difference between the groups, except for consultations related to pain. For this outcome both treatment arms had significantly fewer consultations compared to usual care, during year 2-3, the risk ratio (RR) for physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.43-0.95) and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.41-0.90), respectively. A significantly lower proportion of patients in both treatment arms were dispensed hypnotics and sedatives year 2-3 compared to the usual care arm, RR for both physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.53-0.98). No other differences between the groups were found. In conclusion, considering long-term effects, both physical exercise and internet-CBT, being resource-efficient treatments, could be considered as appropriate additions for patients with mild to moderate depression in primary care settings.
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| 5. |
- Bosi, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Use of nephrotoxic medications in adults with chronic kidney disease in Swedish and US routine care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Kidney Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2048-8505 .- 2048-8513. ; 15:3, s. 442-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To characterize the use of nephrotoxic medications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stages G3-5 in routine care.Methods: We studied cohorts of adults with confirmed CKD G3-5 undergoing routine care from 1 January 2016 through 31 December 2018 in two health systems [Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM), Stockholm, Sweden (N = 57 880) and Geisinger, PA, USA (N = 16 255)]. We evaluated the proportion of patients receiving nephrotoxic medications within 1 year overall and by baseline kidney function, ranked main contributors and examined the association between receipt of nephrotoxic medication and age, sex, CKD G-stages comorbidities and provider awareness of the patient's CKD using multivariable logistic regression.Results: During a 1-year period, 20% (SCREAM) and 17% (Geisinger) of patients with CKD received at least one nephrotoxic medication. Among the top nephrotoxic medications identified in both cohorts were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (given to 11% and 9% of patients in SCREAM and Geisinger, respectively), antivirals (2.5% and 2.0%) and immunosuppressants (2.7% and 1.5%). Bisphosphonate use was common in SCREAM (3.3%) and fenofibrates in Geisinger (3.6%). Patients <65 years of age, women and those with CKD G3 were at higher risk of receiving nephrotoxic medications in both cohorts. Notably, provider awareness of a patient's CKD was associated with lower odds of nephrotoxic medication use {odds ratios [OR] 0.85[95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-0.90] in SCREAM and OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.72-0.89] in Geisinger}.Conclusions: One in five patients with CKD received nephrotoxic medications in two distinct health systems. Strategies to increase physician's awareness of patients' CKD and knowledge of drug nephrotoxicity may reduce prescribing nephrotoxic medications and prevent iatrogenic kidney injury.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cars, Thomas, 1975-
(författare)
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Real-Time Monitoring of Healthcare Interventions in Routine Care : Effectiveness and Safety of Newly Introduced Medicines
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Before market authorization of new medicines, their efficacy and safety are evaluated using randomized controlled trials. While there is no doubt about the scientific value of randomized trials, they are usually conducted in selected populations with questionable generalizability to routine care. In the digital data revolution era, with healthcare data growing at an unprecedented rate, drug monitoring in routine care is still highly under-utilized. Although many countries have access to data on prescription drugs at the individual level in ambulatory care, such data are often missing for hospitals. This is a growing problem considering the clear trend towards more new and expensive drugs administered in the hospital setting. The aim of this thesis was therefore to develop methods for extracting data on drug use from a hospital-based electronic health record system and further to build and evaluate models for real-time monitoring of effectiveness and safety of new drugs in routine care using data from electronic health records and regional and national health care registers.Using the developed techniques, we were able to demonstrate drug use and health service utilization for inflammatory bowel disease and to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of antiarrhythmic drugs.With a rapidly evolving drug development, it is important to optimize the evaluation of effectiveness, safety and health economic value of new medicines in routine care. We believe that the models described in this thesis could contribute to fulfil this need.
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| 8. |
- Chen, Teng-Chou, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility and validity of using healthcare databases to conduct cross-national comparative studies of opioid use, its determinants and consequences
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 32:9, s. 1021-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: A cross-national comparative (CNC) study about opioid utilization would allow the identification of strategies to improve pain management and mitigate risk. However, little is known about the accessibility and validity of information in healthcare databases internationally. This study aimed to identify the feasibility of using healthcare databases to conduct a CNC study of opioid utilization and its associated consequences.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was launched in March 2018, including experts interested in CNC studies comparing opioid utilization by purposeful sampling. An electronic survey was used to collect database characteristics, medicine information, and linkage information of each aggregate-level dataset (AD) and individual patient-level dataset (IPD).Results: Overall, participants from 21 geographical regions reported 18 ADs and 19 IPDs. Information on dispensed medications is available from 17 ADs and 17 IPDs. Of the 16 ADs that include primary care settings, only 9 ADs can obtain information from secondary care settings. Fourteen IPDs included patients' characteristics or could be retrieved from linkage databases. Although most ADs are publicly accessible (n = 13), only five IPDs can be accessed without extra cost.Conclusion: Most ADs could be used to report opioid utilization in a primary care setting. IPDs with linkage databases should be applied to identify potential determinants, clinical outcomes, and policy impact. Data access restrictions and governance policies across jurisdictions can be challenging for timely analysis and require further collaboration.
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| 9. |
- Dahlén, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Sibship and dispensing patterns of asthma medication in young children : a population based study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Our aim was to study the association between sibship and dispensing patterns of asthma medication in young children, focusing on incidence and persistence, and taking sibship status, asthma diagnoses, and siblings’ medication into account. Methods: A register-based cohort study including all children (n=50,546) born in Stockholm, Sweden 2006–2007, followed up during 2006–2014. Exposure was sibling status; outcome was incidence of dispensed asthma medication and persistence over time. A Cox-model was used to study the association between sibship and asthma medication. Persistence was defined using two different time windows (4- and 18-months) in a refill sequence model including siblings’ and unrelated control children’s medication. Results: After one year of age, the adjusted hazard ratio of dispensed asthma medication was 0.85 (95%CI 0.80–0.90) among children with siblings compared to singletons. The estimated proportion of children with persistent controller medication was 7.2% (4-month model) and 64.5% (18-month model). When including the siblings’ controller medication, the estimated proportion was 8.8% (4-months) and 7.8% for control children (relative risk, RR 0.89, 95%CI 0.81-0.98). The persistence was lower for those with siblings compared to singletons (adj. RR 0.72, 95%CI 0.62-0.85 for 4-months) with similar estimates for older, younger, and full siblings and regardless of asthma diagnoses. Conclusions: Siblings have different dispensing patterns of asthma medications compared to singletons regardless of asthma diagnoses. After including the siblings’ asthma medication and compared with control children, the proportion of children with persistent medication increased which may indicate that siblings share asthma medications.
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| 10. |
- de Mattos, Livia Teixeira, et al.
(författare)
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Consumption of antidepressants and economic austerity in Brazil
- 2022
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Ingår i: Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1473-7167 .- 1744-8379. ; 22:8, s. 1221-1229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To describe consumption of antidepressants in Brazil through dispensing data from pharmacy retail outlets, in between 2011 and 2017, and explore the relationship between consumption patterns and changing economic context during this period. Methods A time-series analysis of dispensing data from pharmacy retail outlets was carried out considering 10 commonly used antidepressants. DDDs/1000 inhabitants/year for each drug were calculated for each quarter. Ttime-series graphs were constructed to analyze the volumes of drugs purchasedRelationship between economic context and consumption was assessed using the following indicators: annual percent change in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), public debt (% of GDP), and annual net savings (in billions of Brazilian reais - BRL). Results Overall consumption of antidepressants increased over the study period despite a sharp fall of -3.55% in annual percent change in GDP, negative net annual savings of -53.568 BRL, and an increase in public debt exceeding 32% of the GDP during the economic crisis of 2015. Conclusion Consumption of antidepressants from pharmacy retail outlets increased even within a context of economic crisis, which may be a reflection of the disease burden in Brazil. Health budget cuts due to the economic crisis may be directing users to out-of-pocket expenses, deepening social inequalities.
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