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| 2. |
- Berti, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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One-Dimensional Polyaniline Nanotubes for Enhanced Chemical and Biochemical Sensing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sensors and Microsystems. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400713239 ; , s. 311-315
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work we explored a simple, cheap and fast route to grow polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes arranged in an ordered structure directly on an electrode surface by electrochemical polymerisation. The deposited nanostructures were electrochemically and morphologically characterised and then used as a functional substrate for biochemical sensing by combining the intrinsic advantages of nanostructures as optimal transducers and the well known benefits of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as receptors. The hybrid nanostructured-MIP sensor was applied to the molecular recognition of catechol. Moreover, a gas sensing application was also investigated by exploiting resistance variation of the polymer in presence of different gases (CO, NO2, NH3 and ethanol).
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| 3. |
- Berti, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Quasi-monodimensional polyaniline nanostructures for enhanced molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensing
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 26:2, s. 497-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed significant progress in utilising cutting-edge techniques associated with nanomaterials and nano-fabrication to expand the scope and capability of biosensors to a new level of novelty and functionality. The aim of this work was the development and characterisation of conductive polyaniline (PANI) nanostructures for applications in electrochemical biosensing. We explore a simple, inexpensive and fast route to grow PANI nanotubes, arranged in an ordered structure directly on an electrode surface, by electrochemical polymerisation using alumina nanoporous membranes as a nano-mould. The deposited nanostructures have been characterised electrochemically and morphologically prior to grafting with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) receptor in order to create a model sensor for catechol detection. In this way, PANI nanostructures resulted in a conductive nanowire system which allowed direct electrical connection between the electrode and the synthetic receptor (MIP). To our knowledge, this is the first example of integration between molecularly imprinted polymers and PANI nanostructured electrodes. The advantages of using nanostructures in this particular biosensing application have been evaluated by comparing the analytical performance of the sensor with an analogous non-nanostructured MIP-sensor for catechol detection that was previously developed. A significantly lower limit of detection for catechol has been obtained (29 nM, one order of magnitude), thus demonstrating that the nanostructures are capable of improving the analytical performance of the sensor. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Boonpangrak, Somchai, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers using nitroxide-mediated living radical polymerization
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biosensors & Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4235 .- 0956-5663. ; 22:3, s. 349-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in chemical and bioanalytical applications has been gaining in interest in recent years. Compared to their biological receptor counterparts, MIP's are easy to prepare, have long shelf stability and can be used under a variety of harsh conditions. The majority of MIPs currently used are produced by traditional free radical polymerization. One drawback with the use of standard free radical initiators is that little control can be exerted over the chemical processes that form the final imprinted cavities. In this study we set out to investigate the application of controlled (living) free radical polymerization to the preparation of MIPs. This was exemplified by the synthesis of cholesterol-imprinted bulk polymers by nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). A sacrificial covalent bond was employed to maintain imprinting fidelity at elevated temperature. Selective uptake of cholesterol from solutions in hexane was studied with imprinted polymers prepared under different conditions. The imprinted hydrolyzed MIP prepared by NMP displayed higher selective cholesterol binding than that prepared by a traditional radical polymerization. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Bossi, Alessandra, et al.
(författare)
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Patterned gallium surfaces as molecular mirrors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 23:2, s. 290-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An entirely new means of printing molecular information on a planar film, involving casting nanoscale impressions of the template protein molecules in molten gallium, is presented here for the first time. The metallic imprints not only replicate the shape and size of the proteins used as template. They also show specific binding for the template species. Such a simple approach to the creation of antibody-like properties in metallic mirrors can lead to applications in separations, microfluidic devices, and the development of new optical and electronic sensors, and will be of interest to chemists, materials scientists, analytical specialists, and electronic engineers.
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| 6. |
- Henschel, Henning, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the cross-linker on the general performance and temperature dependent behaviour of a molecularly imprinted polymer catalyst of a Diels-Alder reaction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Catalysis B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1381-1177 .- 1873-3158. ; 72:3-4, s. 199-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present a series of molecularly imprinted polymers capable of catalysing the Diels-Alder reaction between benzyl 1,3-butadienylcarbamate (1) and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (2). The polymer systems studied here demonstrated an unusual cross-linker and temperature dependent behaviour, namely that polymer catalysis of the Diels-Alder reaction was lower at elevated temperature, in contrast to the solution reaction. Furthermore, not only was the catalytic activity significantly influenced by the choice of cross-linker, but in a similar fashion also the extent of the temperature effect, indicating a close relationship between catalysis and the observed inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulations of both the polymer systems studied were used to provide insight into the molecular background of transition state stabilisation, and differences in properties of the systems based on different cross-linkers.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kirsch, Nicole, et al.
(författare)
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Molecularly imprinted polymer catalysis of a Diels-Alder reaction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Catalysis B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1381-1177 .- 1873-3158. ; 58:1-4, s. 110-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of synthetic polymers were designed and synthesized for enhancing the rate of the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-butadiene carbamic acid benzyl ester (11) and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (2), to yield the corresponding endo- (3) and exo- (4) reaction products. Putative transition state analogues (TSAs) for the endo- (5) and exo- (6) reaction pathways were used as templates for the synthesis of molecularly imprinted methacrylic acid (MAA)-divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymers. The polymer system utilized was selected based upon a series of (1)H NMR studies of complex formation between template and a functional monomer analogue (K(d) (app) approximate to 70 mM, d(8)-toluene, 293 K). Batch binding studies revealed that the imprinted polymers were selective for the TSA corresponding to the template used in the polymer synthesis. Studies on the influence of the polymers on the catalysis of the reaction of 1 and 2 demonstrated a 20-fold enhancement of the rate of the reaction relative to the solution reaction. A surprising temperature dependence of the reaction of 1 and 2 in the presence of the polymers was observed, which provides support for the role of template-functional monomer complexes in the catalysis of the Diels-Alder reaction.
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| 9. |
- Kyprianou, Dimitris, et al.
(författare)
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New reactive polymer for protein immobilisation on sensor surfaces
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 24:5, s. 1365-1371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immobilisation of biorecognition elements on transducer surfaces is a key step in the development of biosensors. The immobilisation needs to be fast, cheap and most importantly should not affect the biorecognition activity of the immobilised receptor. A novel protocol for the covalent immobilisation of biomolecules containing primary amines using an inexpensive and simple polymer is presented. This tridimensional (3D) network leads to a random immobilisation of antibodies on the polymer and ensures the availability of a high percentage of antibody binding sites. The reactivity of the polymer is based on the reaction between primary amines and thioacetal groups included in the polymer network. These functional groups (thioacetal) do not need any further activation in order to react with proteins, making it attractive for sensor fabrication. The novel polymer also contains thiol derivative groups (disulphide groups or thioethers) that promote self-assembling on a metal transducer surface. For demonstration purposes the polymer was immobilised on Au Biacore chips. The resulting polymer layer was characterised using contact angle meter, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry. A general protocol suitable for the immobilisation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), enzymes and antibodies such as polyclonal anti-microcystin-LR antibody and monoclonal anti-prostate specific antigen (anti-PSA) antibody was then optimised. The affinity characteristics of developed immunosensors were investigated in reaction with microcystin-LR, and PSA. The calculated detection limit for analytes depended on the properties of antibodies. The detection limit for microcystin-LR was 10 ng mL(-1) and for PSA 0.01 ng mL(-1). The non-specific binding of analytes to synthesised polymers was very low. The polymer-coated chips were stored for up to 2 months without any noticeable deterioration in their ability to react with proteins. These findings make this new polymer very promising for the development of low-cost, easy to prepare and sensitive biosensors. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Li, Songjun, et al.
(författare)
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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Enzyme-Like Catalysis : principle, design and applications
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecularly imprinted polymers for enzyme-like catalysis<em> </em>. - : Elsevier. - 9780128013014 - 9780128014448 ; , s. 1-17
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective catalysis remains a significant challenge owing to the lack of a generic protocol suitable for the preparation of selective catalytic materials. A promising approach is to translate the principle of enzyme catalysis for the design of new catalytic materials. Known as a “key-to-lock” technology, molecular imprinting provides a promising perspective by helping create in a straightforward manner binding sites that possess enzyme-like catalytic ability with but higher stability. In this chapter, we focus on discussing some key issues involved in active molecularly imprinted polymers from catalytic applications. The similarity and difference between preparing conventional molecularly imprinted polymers and catalytic imprinted polymers are highlighted. Other aspects relating to the principle, design, and future outlook of catalytic molecularly imprinted polymers are also discussed.
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