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- Dahrén, Börje, fil.dr, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Transformation or consolidation : Evaluating transformative agreements at Uppsala University with an eye to the future
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last few years, we have seen how publishing agreements have become increasingly common across Europe. At Uppsala University, the traditional subscription agreements now represent a minority of our agreements with the publishers and we suspect they will be phased out. Currently, our most common type of publishing agreements are the transformative agreements negotiated on the national level by the Bibsam consortia and offered to all Swedish higher education institutions. These transformative agreements currently cover most major international publishers and could be considered the new normal.Uppsala University is one of the largest and oldest universities in northern Europe. We are a truly multidisciplinary university, covering the humanities, social sciences, medicine, science and technology. This means that the university library should ideally be able to provide the same level of publishing support for theologists as well as geologists. With that in mind, the library was tasked to evaluate our portfolio of publishing agreements, with a special focus on the impact of the transformative ones. We wanted specifically to look at these new agreements in regards to 1) the impact for the individual researchers 2) economic aspects on various levels, and 3) the paradigm shift towards open science that is taking place in scholarly communication.–We have identified a few key effects and aspects of the transformative agreements:• They remove thresholds and provide a smooth transition to OA publishing• They are arguably very expensive. Are these just the latest iteration of the “Big Deals”?• The coverage is not equal for all parts of the university. Great coverage for STEM, not so much for the arts and humanities.• Other publishing actors are unfairly and disproportionally disadvantaged. Non-commercial OA publishers, diamond OA and small scale society publishing lose much of their advantage on the already dysfunctional publishing market.–What to do next?• A local strategy for publishing agreements is needed to complement what is provided by national consortia.• Libraries should divert more energy towards support for DIY publishing and other researcher-led initiatives.• The time for OA advocacy is in the past. It is time for global and holistic open science perspectives.In conclusion, our view is that transformative agreements are highly useful for us at this point in time, but need to be managed and complemented. It is essential that we keep monitoring the costs, provide alternatives and develop our services portfolio. Above all, we need to recognise that these agreements are a stepping stone on the path towards open science. They are, however, not the final solution.
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- Abdipour, Morteza, 1977-
(författare)
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Arrangement Design Studies : the introduction of the digital wall in domestic environments
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research focuses on the emergence of 'digital walls' that can project images onto almost all or even the entirety of interior (and perhaps exterior) walls, and what implications this might have for how we arrange our rooms. It demonstrates the arrangement, i.e., the way that domestic products are arranged physically, of rooms changes in the domestic environment in a complex scenario when using large screens. Due to the fast-growing demand for large screens, this product could potentially be available to be used by people in their home environments; however, it does not yet exist in reality at this scale. Constructing large screens can be carried out using different production methods. Here, this concept is called the digital wall, a very thin wall-sized interactive screen. The characteristics of the digital wall will vary to be able to create different scenarios. One such scenario is a space in the home where the surface of the wall is covered with screens, which allows multiple possibilities to experience and interact with digital content. In this research, the social gathering space of homes, nowadays called the living room, is considered as a highly relevant space for installing the digital wall. In this space, the conceptual framework outlines the basic elements of the research and demonstrates the relationships between people’s interactions with the digital wall and domestic products in the domestic environment. I show two examples from design history to understand how arrangement changes impact the home environment: the transformation of the parlor to the living room, and entry of the television into the living room. These two examples are focused on the place in the home where people gather for socializing. The discussion of these examples led to the elaboration of the relationships between the elements in the conceptual framework.I explored relevant design research methodologies to bring this future scenario into the present to understand the relationships between people and the digital wall. I applied research through design and the constructive design research approaches to frame the design research methodology. In this thesis, I set up seven series of design studies in two cluster groups: Supportive studies and Main studies. All of the design studies were conducted in the Design Research Lab, the actual space for carrying out the design experiments, prototyping the digital wall, and the setting of the experiments for user participation. The Lab was fully equipped with relevant technology and allowed me to use multiple methods to collect data while people were experiencing the design study sessions. The Lab was useful as a platform to understand user experiences, barriers for interactions as well as people's experiences in a simulated space of a domestic environment. The main contribution of this research is to understand the forms of arrangement changes when people use the digital wall in homes. The research demonstrates two significant implications that are seen in two forms of arrangements: tangible arrangement and imperceptible arrangement. These findings are useful for both designers and users of the elements of domestic contexts and the relations that can be shaped by the presence of a digital wall in home environments. This understanding may provide design guidelines in future scenarios in which the digital wall is used in homes. The findings are also beneficial for designing the domestic environment, improving the arrangement of space, and raising the requirements for designing domestic products.
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- Ahrens, Lutz, et al.
(författare)
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Screening av perfluoralkylerade ämnen och flamskyddsmedel i svenska vattendrag
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet var att studera förekomst av perfluoralkylerade ämnen (PFASs) samt relativt nya flamskyddsmedel (FRs) i svenska vattendrag. Vi provtog på 44 platser (totalt 41 vattendrag) och bestämde innehållet av PFASs (alla platser) och FRs (25 platser). Av de 12 utvalda FRs, kunde 3 kvantifieras. TCIPP var det klart dominerade ämnet med en halt på upp till 3900 ng L-1 (Fyrisån). 2,4,6-TBP uppvisade högre halter i åar i södra Sverige. Vattendragen med de högsta av σFRs var Fyrisån och Norrström. Den totala belastningen på östersjön av σFRs uppskattades till 38 kg dag-1, där ångermanlandsälven och Norrström stod för de största bidragen. Det ska noteras att i dessa belastningssiffror ingår inte äldre FRs med omfattande historisk användning, t.ex. PBDE. Totalt 13 av 25 de analyserade PFASs kunde kvantifieras. Medelvärdet av σPFASs i alla vattendrag var 9,5 ng L-1, och de högsta medelhalterna uppmättes för PFBS och PFHxS (~2 ng L-1). Det sammanlagda utflödet av σPFASs uppgick till 3,2 kg dag-1. PFOS överskred miljökvalitetsnormen på 0,65 ng L-1 (årligt medelvärde; AA-EQS; 2013/39/EU) på 12 av 44 platser.Den här fältstudien baseras på en provtagningskampanj med ögonblicksprovtagning, och därför ska alla rapporterade värden tolkas med försiktighet. Verifikation av höga resultat och mer detaljerade studier på platser med förhöjda värden rekommenderas. Studien pekar också på att uppströmsmätningar är nödvändiga för att finna viktiga föroreningskällor.
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- Ahrens, Lutz, et al.
(författare)
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Screening of perfluoroalkyl substances and organic flame retardants in Swedish Rivers : Screening av perfluoralkylerade ämnen och flamskyddsmedel i svenska vattendrag
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The occurrence and effects of ubiquitously present persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment is one of the challenges the society is facing today. Two categories of chemicals that have gained increased public attention during the last decades are organic flame retardants (FRs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Many representatives from these compound groups have bioaccumulative, persistent and toxic properties. This has led to a ban of some of these compounds based on international agreements.FRs and PFASs end up in surface waters and sometimes also in ground water due to their widespread distribution, disinclination of getting removed at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and persistence. However, the knowledge of the occurrence, fate, and effect in the environment of FRs and PFASs is still in great need of research, especially for recently introduced compounds (such as novel FRs). The objective of this project was to provide a snapshot of the current pollution situation of PFASs and selected novel FRs in Swedish surface waters. We sampled at 44 sites (representing 41 rivers and streams) along the whole coastline of Sweden and analysed their content of PFASs (all sites) and FRs (25 sites representing 23 rivers).Among the 12 target FRs, 3 could be quantified (2,4,6-TBP, TCIPP, and TPHP). TCIPP was the predominant compound with a level up to 3 900 ng L-1. The 2,4,6-TBP showed higher levels in southern rivers. The river with highest levels of ΣFRs was Fyrisån, and the total riverine input of the targeted FRs into the Baltic Sea was estimated to 38 kg day-1 with Ångermanlandsälven and Norrström as major contributors. It should be noted that these values only include the targeted, relatively novel FRs, while historically more important FRs such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are not included.In total 13 PFASs were detected (PFBA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTeDA, FOSA, PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS) among the 25 target compounds. The mean ΣPFAS level of all sampled rivers was 9.5 ng L-1 and the median 4.2 ng L-1, and the highest mean values were found for PFBS and PFHxS (~2 ng L-1 for each compound). Streams in the north (e.g. Alterälven, Öre älv, Gide älv, Lögde älv and Ljungan) showed generally higher fractions of the longer chained perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs; i.e. PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTeDA) whereas in the south the fractions of PFHpA and PFOA were higher. The total riverine input of all PFASs into recipient seas was estimated to 3.2 kg day-1 (1150 kg yr-1).PFOS exceeded the annual average Environmental Quality Standard (AA-EQS; 2013/39/EU) of 0.65 ng L-1 at 12 of 44 sampling sites, which are located in all parts of Sweden (Ume älv at Gubböle, Ångermanälven, Delångersån, Fyrisån, Norrström, Nyköpingsån, Emån, Lyckebyån, Rönneån, Nissan, Viskan and Göta älv at Alelyckan).As this study was a one-time grab sampling campaign for screening purposes, all values should be interpreted with care. A screening study like the current may, however, reveal hot spots. Verification and more detailed studies over a longer time period are recommended for sites with elevated levels. Our study also suggests that upstream monitoring is necessary to reveal important pollution sources.
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