| 1. |
- Wide, Sverre, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Explanation and causal reasoning: A contribution to the interpretation of competing explanatory claims
- 2013
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Ingår i: Theory & psychology. - : Sage Publications. - 0959-3543 .- 1461-7447. ; 23:6, s. 701-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to attain a better understanding of the relationship between competing or complementary scientific explanatory claims. First, six different ways of approaching explanatory claims are briefly described and found, in part, to be unsatisfactory. It is argued that they should be supplemented by an analysis of underlying and sometimes partly unacknowledged causal presuppositions. This approach could be termed a causal analytical investigation, and in order to demonstrate its potential, it is applied to a concrete example: research into dental anxiety. The analysis shows that seemingly competing or complementary explanatory claims here neither compete with nor complement each other; instead, the analysis demonstrates that they explain different things. We then broaden the picture by discussing the relationship between aetiology and treatment. Finally we argue in favour of the general applicability of the approach and its relevance to science in general and to science-based practice.
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| 2. |
- Amundson, Emily, et al.
(författare)
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Genetiska, somatiska och hormoners effekter på livskvalitet vid Turners syndrom.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Poster vid Svenska Läkaresällskapets Riksstämma 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Livskvalitet var inte relaterad till längd, karyotyp eller hormonbehandling men påverkades negativt av social isolering, osteoporos och dålig balans vid Turners syndrom. Det är viktigt med en aktiv livsstil redan från barnsben för att få enbra muskel- och balansfunktion och därigenom en god livskvalitet.
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| 3. |
- Amundson, Emily, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of growth hormone therapy on quality of life in adults with turner syndrome.
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 95:3, s. 1355-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: GH and/or oxandrolone are used to promote growth in Turner syndrome (TS). Objective: The aim of this study was to compare quality of life (QoL) in TS women with controls and determine the impact of growth promoting therapy on QoL in TS women. Design: This was a cross-sectional, case-control study. Setting: The study was conducted at an outpatient clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Patients: Patients included 111 TS women (age range 18-59 yr) and 111 randomly selected, age-matched women (25-54 yr) from the World Health Organization Monitoring Trends and Determinants for Cardiovascular Disease project (Göteborg, Sweden) served as controls. Main Outcome Measures: QoL was estimated by the Psychological General Well-Being scale (anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health and vitality) and the Nottingham Health Profile (physical mobility, pain, sleep, energy, social isolation, and emotional reactions). Results: TS women reported more social isolation than controls (P < 0.001). After age adjustment, significantly less pain (<0.05) was reported attributable to GH treatment within TS. No significant difference in any other subscales used could be shown. In TS, QoL was negatively affected by higher current age and age at diagnosis and positively affected by better body balance, fine motor function, and higher bone mineral density. Conclusions: Social isolation was more commonly reported in the whole TS cohort than in the population. Except for less pain, no significant impact on QoL attributable to GH treatment could be found, despite the mean +5.1 cm final height.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Dental anxiety - a joint interest for dentists and psychologists.
- 2013
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 1600-0722 .- 0909-8836. ; 121:3 Pt 2, s. 221-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This introductory article to the Symposium on Behavioral and Community Dentistry aims to describe the development of research and clinical work on dental anxiety, and includes a discussion of the historical background and the evolution since the 1970s. In view of its pioneering activities in this regard, special focus is placed on research and development at the Institute of Odontology of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Viktor, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between dental anxiety, sense of coherence, oral health-related quality of life and health behaviour - a national Swedish cross-sectional survey
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bmc Oral Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6831. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dental anxiety (DA) is a common condition associated with avoidance of dental care and subsequent health-related and psychosocial outcomes, in what has been described as the vicious circle of DA. Also, recent studies have found an association between the psychosocial concept of sense of coherence (SOC) and DA. More studies are needed to verify the relationship between DA and SOC, especially using population-based samples. There is also a need for studies including factors related to the vicious circle of DA, such as oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), in order to further establish the correlates of DA in the general population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between DA and SOC, OHRQoL and health-related behaviour in the general Swedish population. Methods: The survey included a randomly selected sample of the adult Swedish population (N = 3500, age 19 - 96 years.). Data was collected by means of telephone interviews. Dental anxiety was measured with a single question. The SOC measure consisted of three questions conceptualising the dimensions of the SOC: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. The data collection also included the five-item version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-5), as a measure of OHRQoL, as well as questions on oral health-related behaviour and socioeconomic status. Statistical analyses were made with descriptive statistics and inference testing using Chi-square, t - test and logistic regression. Results: High DA was associated with low OHRQoL, irregular dental care and smoking. There was a statistically significant relationship between the SOC and DA in the bivariate, but not in the multivariate, analyses. Dental anxiety was not associated with oral health-related behaviour or socioeconomic status. Conclusions: This cross-sectional national survey gives support to the significant associations between high dental anxiety, avoidance of dental care and health-related outcomes, which may further reinforce the model of a vicious circle of dental anxiety. The results further indicate a weak relationship between dental anxiety and sense of coherence.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Viktor, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and dental anxiety in adults: relationship with oral health.
- 2013
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 1600-0722 .- 0909-8836. ; 121:3 Pt 2, s. 258-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult patients with severe dental anxiety. Specifically, we analysed the relationship among ADHD, oral health, and dental anxiety. The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener was administered to a consecutive sample of patients referred to a dental fear research and treatment clinic. Patients completed questionnaires measuring dental anxiety (Dental Fear Survey) and self-rated oral health, and underwent a full radiographic examination. Of the total sample (n=110), 16% scored above the established ASRS cut-off point, which is indicative of having ADHD. The ADHD group showed a higher level of dental anxiety and poorer self-rated oral health. There were also indications of poorer clinical oral health in the ADHD group, but these results did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate an increased prevalence of ADHD in highly dentally anxious adults and the need to pay special attention to these patients because of greater treatment needs and increased dental anxiety.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Viktor, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Orofacial esthetics and dental anxiety: Associations with oral and psychological health
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 72:8, s. 707-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Severe dental anxiety (DA) is associated with both oral health and psychosocial consequences in what has been described as a vicious circle of DA. The aim of this study was to investigate self-rated orofacial esthetics in patients with DA and its relationship to psychological and oral health. Materials and methods. A consecutive sample of 152 adult patients who were referred or self-referred to a specialized dental anxiety clinic filled out the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) as well as measurements on DA, self-rated oral health and general anxiety and depression. Clinical measures of dental status were also obtained. Results. Compared with the general population, patients with DA had lower ratings of satisfaction on all aspects of their orofacial esthetics, which included the teeth, gingiva, mouth and face, as well as a global orofacial assessment. Furthermore, the perception of the orofacial appearance was related both to dental status and self-rated oral health, as well as to general anxiety and depression. The level of dissatisfaction with the orofacial appearance was similar for both genders, but women reported more regular dental care and better dental status. Conclusions. The results of this study clearly show less satisfaction with dental and facial appearance in patients with DA, and that the self-rating of orofacial esthetics is related to both oral and psychological health. The OES can be used to assess orofacial esthetics in patients with DA.
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| 8. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Dental care attendance and refrainment from dental care among adults
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 75:5, s. 366-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse dental care utilization, refrainment from self-perceived needed dental care and the association with socioeconomic indicators among adult individuals. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional survey included 3500 randomly selected adult individuals. Telephone interviews were conducted and the participants answered a battery of questions regarding dental visiting habits, health, socioeconomic position (SEP), behavioural factors and lifestyle indicators. Results: The outcome 'dental visits' was significantly correlated with SEP, especially with monetary dimensions, such as income and economic resources for unforeseen expenditures. However, educational level was not a significant predictor in the tested statistical models. Furthermore, other covariates that contributed significantly to the models were ethnicity, dental anxiety and lifestyle factors, albeit with a different pattern of impact on the two outcome dimensions. Important features of the SEP variables were the stepwise gradient relative to the outcomes, implicating that the lower the SEP status, the greater the risk of reporting irregular dental visiting habits and refraining from dental care due to financial problems. Conclusions: Dental care utilization and refraining from dental care for financial reasons clearly reveal associations with socioeconomic positions among adult individuals.
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| 9. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Patient characteristics in relation to dental care payment model: Capitation vs fee for service
- 2016
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Ingår i: Community Dental Health. - 0265-539X. ; 33:4, s. 252-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © BASCD 2016.Objective: To analyse patient profiles in two payment models, the capitation (DCH) and the fee-for-service (FFS) systems, in relation to socioeconomic status, self-reported health and health behavior, as well as patient attitudes to and satisfaction with the DCH model in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in Sweden. Research design and participants: The present survey included a random national sample of the adult population in Sweden. A telemarketing company, TNS SIFO, was responsible for the sample selection and telephone interviews conducted in May 2013. The 3,500 adults (aged ≥19 years) included in the sample gave a participation rate of 49.7%. Results: Individuals choosing DCH were younger. FFS patients rated their health as less good, were less physically active, were more often smokers and had a lower household income. The DCH patients were more satisfied with their payment model than the FFS patients (98% vs 85%). A multivariate analysis showed that three of the variables significantly contributed to the model predicting DCH patients: age, with an odds ratio of 0.95, household income (OR=1.85) and importance of oral health for well-being (OR=2.05). Conclusions: There was a pattern of dimensions indicating the choice of payment model among adult patients in the Swedish Public Dental Service. The patients in DCH had higher socioeconomic position, were younger, rated their oral health as better and were more satisfied with the payment model (DCH) than the patients in the FFS system.
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| 10. |
- Hakeberg, Magnus, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported oral and general health in relation to socioeconomic position
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: During the past two decades, several scientific publications from different countries have shown how oral health in the population varies with social determinants. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between self-reported oral and general health in relation to different measures of socioeconomic position. Methods: Data were collected from a randomly selected sample of the adult population in Sweden (n = 3500, mean age 53.4 years, 53.1% women). The response rate was 49.7%. Subjects were interviewed by telephone, using a questionnaire including items on self-reported oral and general health, socioeconomic position and lifestyle. Results: A significant gradient was found for both oral and general health: the lower the socioeconomic position, the poorer the health. Socioeconomic position and, above all, economic measures were strongly associated with general health (OR 3.95) and with oral health (OR 1.76) if having an income below SEK 200,000 per year. Similar results were found in multivariate analyses controlling for age, gender and lifestyle variables. Conclusions: For adults, there are clear socioeconomic gradients in self-reported oral and general health, irrespective of different socioeconomic measures. Action is needed to ensure greater equity of oral and general health.
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