| 1. |
- Jervaeus, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring childhood cancer survivors' views about sex and sexual experiences -findings from online focus group discussions.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 20, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To explore childhood cancer survivors' views about sex and sexual experiences and, as an additional aim, their possible needs for care and support from health care professionals regarding sexual life.METHODS: Written online focus group discussions were performed with survivors of childhood cancer, identified through the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry; 133 (36%; aged 16-25) participated. Written text was analysed using qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: The analysis resulted in one main category: Could my cancer experience have an impact on my sexual life? with four generic categories: Sex considered to be good, Feeling insecure and falling behind, Relating sex to a stable relationship and Concerns related to the physical body. In general, participants had not reflected on the possibility that their cancer experience could impact on sexual life. Sex was often considered to be something natural, important and taken for granted. However, thoughts and worries were expressed including being shy, feeling insecure and falling behind peers. Physical concerns included vaginal dryness and difficulties related to erection and reaching orgasm. Many participants stated that sexual issues had not been discussed with health care professionals, however, the need for such support differed.CONCLUSIONS: Many of the childhood cancer survivors' did not relate their sexual experiences to previous cancer treatment. However, problems were expressed, both of emotional and physical nature. Many participants stated that they had not received any information or support regarding sexual issues from health care professionals, why it is recommended to be regularly addressed in follow-up care.
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| 2. |
- Albrow, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Interventions to improve cervical cancer screening uptake amongst young women : A systematic review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 53:4, s. 445-451
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. In view of declining screening uptake in young women, this review aims to summarise the available evidence relating to interventions designed to increase cervical screening uptake amongst women aged <= 35 years.Methods. Electronic databases were searched and further articles located by manual searches. Study designs employing a valid comparison group and including women aged <= 35 years published through 2012 were considered. Data was extracted on the uptake from either screening programme statistics or as reported by the study subjects. A narrative synthesis was undertaken for each category of interventions identified.Results. Ninety-two records were screened with 36 articles retrieved for further assessment. Four studies met the inclusion criteria, two of which evaluated more than one intervention. One of the studies evaluated the use of a modified invitation letter and reported no significant increase in uptake compared to a standard invitation. Three studies investigated the use of a reminder letter, with two reporting a positive effect on screening uptake in women aged 24-34. Three studies were included which supported the use of physician and telephone reminders. One study on HPV self-sampling reported a positive effect when compared with a reminder letter.Conclusions. There is a lack of randomised controlled trials designed to specifically address falling cervical screening uptake in amongst young women. Cervical screening programmes need to look beyond the use of invitation/reminders letters in this group of women to develop interventions which attempt to overcome as many barriers to uptake as possible.
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| 3. |
- Azerkan, Fatima, et al.
(författare)
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When Life Got in the Way : How Danish and Norwegian Immigrant Women in Sweden Reason about Cervical Screening and Why They Postpone Attendance
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Danish and Norwegian immigrant women in Sweden have an increased risk of cervical cancer compared to Swedish-born women. In addition, Danish and Norwegian immigrant women follow the national recommendations for attendance at cervical screening to much lesser extent than Swedish-born women. The aim of this study was to explore how Danish and Norwegian immigrant women in Sweden reason about attending cervical screening, focusing on women's perceptions as to why they and their compatriots do not attend. Methods Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with Danish and Norwegian immigrant women living in Stockholm. The women were between 26 and 66 years of age at the time of the FGDs, and were aged between <1 and 48 years old when they immigrated to Sweden. A FGD guide was used, which included questions related to cervical screening, and obstacles and motivators to attend cervical screening. The FGDs were tape recorded and transcribed, and the results analysed according to the principles of qualitative content analysis. Results The main theme was "Women have a comprehensive rationale for postponing cervical screening, yet do not view themselves as non-attenders". Investigation of women's rationale for non-attendance after being invited to cervical screening revealed some complex reasons related to immigration itself, including competing needs, organisational and structural factors and differences in mentality, but also reasons stemming from other factors. Postponing attendance at cervical screening was the category that linked all these factors as the reasons to why women did not attend to cervical screening according to the recommendations of the authorities. Conclusions The rationale used to postpone cervical screening, in combination with the fact that women do not consider themselves to be non-attenders, indicates that they have not actively taken a stance against cervical screening, and reveals an opportunity to motivate these women to attend.
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| 4. |
- Blomberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Between youth and adulthood : focus group discussions with 30-year-old women about cervical cancer and its prevention in urban Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0162-220X .- 1538-9804. ; 34:3, s. e11-e20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although there is a significant amount of research on cervical cancer screening (CCS), few studies address screening experiences of women related to reasoning about health maintenance and disease prevention in general. Research tends to neglect experiences in different phases of life and experiences of women with different screening histories. Recent literature primarily focuses on adolescents targeted for human papilloma virus vaccinations, whereas perspectives of women who need continued CCS are lacking.Objective: The aim of the study was to explore how 30-year-old women reason about health, ill health, health maintenance, and disease prevention, in relation to cervical cancer, its prevention, and screening.Methods: Through a population-based CCS registry, we randomly sampled women to attend focus group discussions stratified by previous patterns in screening history and test results. Data from 38 attendees were inductively analyzed.Results: Women’s discussions encompassed temporal aspects of the past and the future, with youth in the rearview mirror and the demands of adulthood ahead. Matters related to sickness, including cancer and its prevention, were described as distant and not prioritized in this phase of life. This situation was compounded by lack of relevant information about cervical cancer and screening.Conclusions: The manner 30-year-old women self-defined themselves in the transition between youth and adulthood appears to strongly influence their reasoning about CCS and other forms of health maintenance and disease prevention.Implications for Practice: Cervical cancer screening programs are challenged to adapt both information and organizations to new cohorts of women with different needs and life situations.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Blomberg, Karin, 1970-
(författare)
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Från inbjudan till uppföljning : kvinnors erfarenheter av att delta eller inte delta i cervixcancerscreening
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Population-based cervical cancer screening programs (PCCSPs) were introduced in Stockholm in the 1960s; today all women residents aged 23-60 are invited to a cost-free Pap smear at regular intervals. A shift in scientific knowledge has occurred, with clarification of the link between human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer (CC), and the introduction of HPV-vaccines for primary prevention of CC. While there is a large body of research on CC screening, fewer studies address screening experiences of women in different phases of life with different screening histories. The aim of this thesis was to explore how women reason about CC, its causes, prevention and participation in CC screening. Method: These studies were guided by the inductive approach interpretive description . Sub-study I is based on qualitative analysis of 12 telephone interviews and 86 fax messages sent to the screening organisation by women who actively chose not to participate in PCCSP. Sub-study II is based on longitudinal interview data from 30 women, who underwent medical follow-up of an abnormal Pap smear. Sub-studies III and IV are based on data from 30-year old women with varied screening background and experiences, derived from 9 face-to-face focus group discussions (FGD) (sub-studies III, IV) and 30 internet-based FGDs (sub-study IV). Results: Women s ways of conceptualizing health, illness, and risk for disease in general impacted on their decision-making about attending PCCSP. Matters related to sickness, including CC and its prevention, were generally described as distant and unprioritized by many women. The manner 30-year old women self-defined themselves in the transition between youth and adulthood appears to strongly influence their reasoning not only about PCCSP, but also about other forms of health maintenance and disease prevention. How women defined and conceptualized distinctions between, and roles and responsibilities of, the private and the public was also found to be central in explanations of decision-making, especially among women who actively chose not to take a Pap smear. Women described a wide range of factors which could motivate them to participate in PCCSP, related to all aspects of the program, from invitation through follow-up, and a need for different types and forms of information. Many suggestions were related to individualization of the PCCSP; a need to understand the relationship between HPV and CC also was addressed. We also found that medical follow-up of an abnormal Pap smear involved an experience of both having and being a body, which changed over time. The conceptualization of bodily boundaries appeared to change, e.g. through vaginal discharges and bleeding, as well as linkages to the bodies of women in their extended families through the generations. Conclusion: All facets of the PCCSP and social marketing were found to influence women s experiences of and decisions about screening attendance. Women s views of the PCCSP as a comprehensive system suggest a need for increased collaboration among the many professionals with direct and indirect involvement in the PCCSP. These studies suggest that coordination with and information about PCCSP is an important implication for when initiating HPV vaccination programs, as a means of aiding women in integration of different types of knowledge and information.
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| 7. |
- Blomberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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How can young women be encouraged to attend cervical cancer screening? : Suggestions from face-to-face and internet focus group discussions with 30-year-old women in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 50:1, s. 112-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Cervical cancer screening (CCS) using Pap-smears has been carried out for decades and is still an essential tool for secondary cancer prevention. Focus has traditionally been on what hinders women's attendance, instead of researching this issue from a positive standpoint, i.e. what factors encourage women to take a Pap-smear? In this article, we therefore explore issues that 30-year-old women have addressed as encouraging CCS attendance, with particular focus on aspects susceptible to intervention. Material and methods. Through the population-based cervical cancer screening (PCCSP) registry in Stockholm, Sweden, a stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit women from the same birth cohort with varied CCS histories and results. Nine face-to-face focus groups discussions (FGDs) and 30 internet-based FGDs were conducted with a total of 138 women aged 30. Qualitative analysis was inspired by interpretative description, to generate clinically relevant and useful data. Results. In general, these women expressed positive views about the PCCSP as an existing service, regardless of screening history. They described a wide range of factors encompassing the entire screening trajectory from invitation through follow-up which could motivate young women to CCS participation, including social marketing. Many of the suggestions related to individualization of the PCCSP, as well as a need to understand the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer. Discusssion. These results are discussed in terms of the inherent tension between population-based public health initiatives and individually-oriented health care provision. Many suggestions given are already incorporated into the existing Stockholm-Gotland screening program, although this information may not reach women who need it. New research should test whether systematic information on HPV may provide a missing link in motivating young women to attend CCS, and which of their suggestions can serve to increase CCS participation.
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