| 1. |
- Ceccato, Vania, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Situationsförhållanden vid suicid på tågplattformar : En analys med hjälp av material från övervakningskameror (CCTV)
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Självmord är ett allvarligt folkhälsoproblem. Varje år sker omkring 1100 konstaterade suicid i Sverige och uppskattningsvis sker cirka 10 % av samtliga fall inom transitsystemet. Under åren 2012–2014 skedde i genomsnitt 95 fall av suicid per år enbart inom järnvägs- och tunnelbanesystemet. Förutom förlust av liv eller allvarliga skador medför självmord i transportmiljöer höga kostnader till följd av trauma för förare och vittnen samt serviceförseningar. Forskning visar att begränsning av medel och metoder är en insatstyp som kan minska suicid. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka möjligheten att använda inspelat material (film och bild) från övervakningskameror (CCTV) vid tunnelbane- och pendeltågsstationer runt om i Stockholm för att ta fram fördjupad kunskap om händelseförloppet som leder fram till en suicidal handling. Inom ramen för studien analyserade och kategoriserade vi situationer och förhållanden runt suicid som sker i tunnelbane- och pendeltågstationer. Genom ökad kunskap om dessa situationer är tanken att kunna bidra med underlag till utformningen av lämpliga förebyggande åtgärder.Studien har finansierats av Folkhälsomyndigheten genom uppdraget att vara nationell samordnande myndighet för arbetet med att förebygga suicid på nationell nivå. Författarna är Vania Ceccato (KTH) i samarbetet med Ulla-Karin Nyberg (SLL), Katerina Vrotsou (Linköping universitet), Douglas Wiebe (Pennsylvania University) och Arne Grundberg (SL).
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| 2. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s Mobility and the Situational Conditions of Rape : Cases Reported to Hospitals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : Sage Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 35:15-16, s. 2917-2946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A third of all rapes in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, take place in public outdoor places. Yet, little is known about the events that precede this type of sexual offence and less about the situational context of rape. This study aims to improve the understanding of the nature of situational conditions that immediately precede events of rape. Using medical records of 147 rape victims during 2012 and 2013, we constructed time- and place-specific records of the places women traveled through or spent time at, the activities they engaged in, and the people they interacted with sequentially over the course of the day when they were raped. The analysis uses visualization tools (VISUAL-TimePAcTS), Geographical Information Systems, and conditional logistic regression to identify place-, context-, and social interaction–related factors associated with the onset of rape. Results for this sample of cases reported to hospitals show that being outdoors was not necessarily riskier for women when compared with indoor public settings; some outdoor environments were actually protective, such as streets. Being in a risky social context and engaging in a risky activity before the event was associated with an increased risk of rape, and the risk escalated over the day. Among those women who never drank alcohol, the results were similar to what was observed in the overall sample, which suggests that risky social interaction and risky activity made independent contributions to the risk of rape. The article finishes with suggestions for rape prevention.
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| 3. |
- Lee, Christopher S., et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of self-care decision-making and associated factors: A cross-sectional observational study
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to identify for the first time patterns of self-care decision-making (i.e. the extent to which participants viewed contextual factors influencing decisions about symptoms) and associated factors among community-dwelling adults with chronic illness.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data collected during the development and psychometric evaluation of the 27-item Self-Care Decisions Inventory that is based on Naturalistic Decision-Making (n = 430, average age = 54.9 +/- 16.2 years, 70.2 % female, 87.0 % Caucasian, average number of chronic conditions = 3.6 +/- 2.8). Latent class mixture modeling was used to identify patterns among contextual factors that influence self-care decision-making under the domains of external, urgency, uncertainty, cognitive/affective, waiting/cue competition, and concealment. Multivariate multinomial regression was used to identify additional socio-demographic, clinical, and self-care behavior factors that were different across the patterns of self-care decision-making.Results: Three patterns of self-care decision-making were identified in a cohort of 430 adults. A 'maintainers' pattern (48.1 %) consisted of adults with limited contextual influences on self-care decision-making except for urgency. A 'highly uncertain' pattern (23.0 %) consisted of adults whose self-care decision-making was largely driven by uncertainty about the cause or meaning of the symptom. A 'distressed concealers' pattern (28.8 %) consisted of adults whose self-care decision-making was highly influenced by external factors, cognitive/affective factors and concealment. Age, education, financial security and specific symptoms were significantly different across the three patterns in multivariate models.Conclusion: Adults living with chronic illness vary in the extent to which contextual factors influence decisions they make about symptoms, and would therefore benefit from different interventions. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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| 4. |
- Page, Shayleigh Dickson, et al.
(författare)
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Development and testing of an instrument to measure contextual factors influencing self-care decisions among adults with chronic illness
- 2022
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : BMC. - 1477-7525. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Decisions about how to manage bothersome symptoms of chronic illness are complex and influenced by factors related to the patient, their illness, and their environment. Naturalistic decision-making describes decision-making when conditions are dynamically evolving, and the decision maker may be uncertain because the situation is ambiguous and missing information. Contextual factors, including time stress, the perception of high stakes, and input from others may facilitate or complicate decisions about the self-care of symptoms. There is no valid instrument to measure these contextual factors. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a self-report instrument measuring the contextual factors that influence self-care decisions about symptoms. Methods Items were drafted from the literature and refined with patient input. Content validity of the instrument was evaluated using a Delphi survey of expert clinicians and researchers, and cognitive interviews with adults with chronic illness. Psychometric testing included exploratory factor analysis to test dimensionality, item response theory-based approaches for item recalibration, confirmatory factor analysis to generate factor determinacy scores, and evaluation of construct validity. Results Ten contextual factors influencing decision-making were identified and multiple items per factor were generated. Items were refined based on cognitive interviews with five adults with chronic illness. After a two round Delphi survey of expert clinicians (n = 12) all items had a content validity index of > 0.78. Five additional adults with chronic illness endorsed the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the inventory during cognitive interviews. Initial psychometric testing (n = 431) revealed a 6-factor multidimensional structure that was further refined for precision, and high multidimensional reliability (0.864). In construct validity testing, there were modest associations with some scales of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire and the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory. Conclusion The Self-Care Decisions Inventory is a 27-item self-report instrument that measures the extent to which contextual factors influence decisions about symptoms of chronic illness. The six scales (external, urgency, uncertainty, cognitive/affective, waiting/cue competition, and concealment) reflect naturalistic decision making, have excellent content validity, and demonstrate high multidimensional reliability. Additional testing of the instrument is needed to evaluate clinical utility.
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| 5. |
- Riegel, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Symptom characteristics, perceived causal attributions, and contextual factors influencing self-care behaviors: An ecological daily assessment study of adults with chronic illness
- 2024
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Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Insights into how symptoms influence self-care can guide patient education and improve symptom control. This study examined symptom characteristics, causal attributions, and contextual factors influencing self-care of adults with arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, or heart failure. Methods: Adults (n = 81) with a symptomatic chronic illness participated in a longitudinal observational study. Using Ecological Daily Assessment, participants described one symptom twice daily for two weeks, rating its frequency, severity, bothersomeness, duration, causes, and self-care. Results: The most frequent symptoms were fatigue and shortness of breath. Pain, fatigue, and joint stiffness were the most severe and bothersome. Most participants engaged in active self-care, but those with fatigue and pain engaged in passive self-care (i.e., rest or do nothing), especially when symptoms were infrequent, mild, somewhat bothersome, and fleeting. In people using passive self-care, thoughts, feelings, and the desire to conceal symptoms from others interfered with self-care. Conclusion: Most adults with a chronic illness take an active role in managing their symptoms but some conceal or ignore symptoms until the frequency, severity, bothersomeness, or duration increases. Practice implications: When patients report symptoms, asking about self-care behaviors may reveal inaction or ineffective approaches. A discussion of active self-care options may improve symptom control.
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| 6. |
- Westland, Heleen, et al.
(författare)
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Self-care management of bothersome symptoms as recommended by clinicians for patients with a chronic condition : A Delphi study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Heart & Lung. - : Elsevier Science Inc. - 0147-9563 .- 1527-3288. ; 56, s. 40-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronically medically ill patients often need clinical assistance with symptom management, as well as self-care interventions that can help to reduce the impact of bothersome symptoms. Experienced clinicians can help to guide the development of more effective self-care interventions. Objective: To create a consensus-based list of common bothersome symptoms of chronic conditions and of self-care management behaviors recommended to patients by clinicians to reduce the impact of these symptoms. Methods: A two-round Delphi study was performed among an international panel of 47 clinicians using online surveys to identify common and bothersome symptoms and related self-care management behaviors recommended to patients with heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, type 2 diabetes, or arthritis. Results: A total of 30 common bothersome symptoms and 158 self-care management behaviors across the five conditions were listed. Each chronic condition has its own bothersome symptoms and self-care management behaviors. Consensus was reached on the vast majority of recommended behaviors. Conclusions: The list of common bothersome symptoms and self-care management behaviors reflect consensus across four countries on many points but also disagreement on others, and a few recommendations are inconsistent with current guidelines. Efforts to encourage clinicians to recommend effective self-care management behaviors may reduce symptom impact in chronically ill patient populations.(C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 7. |
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- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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