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- Mjörndal, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse drug reactions as a cause for admissions to a department of internal medicine.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : Wiley. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 11:1, s. 65-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess the occurrence and pattern of adverse drug reactions as a cause for acute hospital admission.METHODS: In 681 randomly selected patients, acutely admitted to a clinic of internal medicine at a Swedish university hospital, information was collected from their medical records about current symptoms and use of drugs, previous diseases and the results of medical investigations and tests. In addition, a standardized interview according to a questionnaire was carried out. A group of experts in clinical pharmacology assessed the data obtained from the patients' case records and the results of the interviews, and then, according to WHO criteria, judged the probability that an adverse drug reaction could have caused or contributed to the actual admission to hospital.RESULTS: Out of the 681 cases included, 94 (13.8%) had symptoms and signs that were judged as drug-related and that had caused or contributed to the admission. Eighty-two patients (12.0%) had altogether 99 symptoms that were classified as adverse drug reactions. Of these, 91% were type A reactions. The relationship between the medication and the reaction was judged certain in eight, probable in 17, and possible in 74 cases. The most common adverse drug reactions were cardiovascular (36.3%). Twelve patients (1.8%) had symptoms indicating intoxications.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of drug-related problems causing or contributing to admission to a clinic of internal medicine is high and is dominated by type A reactions, i.e. reactions in principle predictable and preventable. This implies a possibility to increase drug safety by preventive measures.
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| 2. |
- Wadelius, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphisms of NAT2 in relation to sulphasalazine-induced agranulocytosis
- 2000
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Ingår i: Pharmacogenetics. - 0960-314X .- 1473-561X. ; 10:1, s. 35-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agranulocytosis is a rare, but serious adverse reaction to sulphasalazine. The polymorphic enzyme N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) plays an important role in the metabolism of sulphasalazine. This study was conducted to analyse whether the risk of sulphasalazine-induced agranulocytosis is increased in slow acetylators. Patients were treated for inflammatory disease, mostly joint disease, with a mean dose of 2 g sulphasalazine daily. Thirty-nine patients reacted with agranulocytosis, while 75 patients had been treated for a minimum of 3 months without haematological side-effects. A population-based control panel of 448 individuals was used for comparison. All subjects were genotyped for NAT2 by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme digestion. The six most common allelic variants were analysed: NAT2*4, NAT2*5A, NAT2*5B, NAT2*5C, NAT2*6 and NAT2*7. The proportion of slow acetylators was significantly higher in patients with sulphasalazine-induced agranulocytosis (69%) and population-based controls (64%) compared to patients who tolerated sulphasalazine (45%); odds ratio 2.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20; 6.15], P = 0.015, and odds ratio 2.17 (95% CI 1.32; 3.56), P = 0.002, respectively. Patients who developed agranulocytosis did not differ from population-based control subjects in the frequency of slow acetylators; odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 0.62; 2.53), P = 0.535. The risk of agranulocytosis did not appear to be increased in slow acetylators, provided that the difference compared with sulphasalazine-treated control subjects was not due to a predominance of fast acetylators among patients with inflammatory joint disease. Instead, selection bias was suspected since more slow acetylators may have discontinued sulphasalazine therapy because of drug-intolerance.
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