| 1. |
- Margaryan, Ashot, et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of the Viking world
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 585:7825, s. 390-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci—including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response—in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
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| 2. |
- Mühlemann, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse variola virus (smallpox) strains were widespread in northern Europe in the Viking Age
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 369:6502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smallpox, one of the most devastating human diseases, killed between 300 million and 500 million people in the 20th century alone. We recovered viral sequences from 13 northern European individuals, including 11 dated to ~600-1050 CE, overlapping the Viking Age, and reconstructed near-complete variola virus genomes for four of them. The samples predate the earliest confirmed smallpox cases by ~1000 years, and the sequences reveal a now-extinct sister clade of the modern variola viruses that were in circulation before the eradication of smallpox. We date the most recent common ancestor of variola virus to ~1700 years ago. Distinct patterns of gene inactivation in the four near-complete sequences show that different evolutionary paths of genotypic host adaptation resulted in variola viruses that circulated widely among humans.
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| 3. |
- Olsson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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FINAL REPORT DENCITY UDI PHASE 2
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The DenCity Project is a collaboration project between 21 organisations that develops innovative solutions for sustainable passenger, freight and waste transport in dense urban areas, with high demands on transport efficiency, attractiveness, accessibility and sustainability.
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| 4. |
- von Schantz, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial selection for increased comb size and its effects on other sexual characters and viability in gallus-domesticus (the domestic chicken)
- 1995
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Ingår i: Heredity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1365-2540 .- 0018-067X. ; 75:5, s. 518-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of secondary ornaments is often positively correlated with the bearer's condition. So far no study has reported on consequences of directional selection on male sexual ornaments in birds, i.e. it is unknown to what extent male sexual traits are genetically correlated and whether selection for secondary ornaments affects viability. In this study we estimate phenotypic and genotypic parameters of three male sexual traits, namely comb size, spur length and testes mass, by using two different lines of domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus). One of the two lines had been artificially selected for large comb size during nine generations whereas the other line was a randomly mated control line. As a result of the selection, male comb size was almost doubled. Data from the selection line indicate that comb size was negatively genetically correlated with testes mass and spur length. The cockerels from the selection line had accordingly lighter testes and shorter spurs than cockerels from the control line. A simple mate choice experiment with females and males from both lines indicated that preferred males had a larger joint expression of comb size and spur length than nonpreferred males. Data from three different selection lines, all with enlarged comb size, clearly reveal a negative effect of comb size on male viability.
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