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| 2. |
- Andersson, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Är ekologisk odling bättre för miljön
- 2021
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sverige har ambitiösa mål för att öka den ekologiskt odlade jordbruksmarken. Samtidigt är det inte självklart att ekologisk odling är bättre för miljön. Här sammanställer vi kunskap om skillnader mellan ekologisk och konventionell odling i Sverige. De miljöfaktorer vi tittar på är biologisk mångfald, näringsläckage och utsläpp av växthusgaser. Sammanställningen tyder på att när miljöpåverkan mäts per hektar åkermark ger ekologisk odling ökad biologisk mångfald, mindre näringsläckage och lägre utsläpp av växthusgaser. Om miljöpåverkan istället beräknas utifrån hur mycket mark som krävs för att producera en bestämd mängd livsmedel finner vi att ekologisk odling bara har en positiv effekt på biologisk mångfald. Däremot kan utsläppen av växthusgaser och näringsläckage öka ifall samma mängd livsmedel ska produceras med ekologiskt istället för konventionellt jordbruk. Detta beror på att mer jordbruksmark krävs för att producera samma mängd livsmedel vid ekologisk odling vilket minskar möjligheten att använda mark för exempelvis skogsbruk och naturområden. Slutsatsen är därför att ekologisk odling inte entydigt är bättre för miljön än konventionell odling och att stöd till ekologisk odling således inte självklart kan motiveras utifrån miljöhänsyn. Jordbruksstöden behöver därför utformas för att minska miljöpåverkan oavsett om odlingen sker ekologiskt eller konventionellt.
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| 3. |
- Armerin, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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Waiting in real options with applications to real estate development valuation
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis two dierent problems regarding real options are studied. The rst paper discusses the valuation of a timing option in an irreversible investment when the underlying model is incomplete. It is well known that in a complete model there is no nite optimal time at which to invest if the underlying asset, in our case the value of the developed project, does not pay out any strictly positive cash ows. In an incomplete model, the situation is dierent. Depending on the market price of risk in the model, there could be an optimal nite investment time even though the underlying asset does not pay out any strictly positive cash ows. Several examples of incomplete models are analyzed, and the value of the investment opportunity is calculated in each of them. The second paper concerns the valuation of random start American perpetual options. This type of perpetuate American option has the feature that it can not be exercised until a random time has occured. The reason for studying this type of option is that it provides a way of modelling the initiating of a project, e.g. the optimal time to build on a piece of land, which can not occur until a permit, or some other form of clearance, is given. The random time in the project application represents the time at which the permit is given. Two concrete examples of how to calculate the value of random start options is given.
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| 5. |
- Bood, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Pentacyclic adenine: a versatile and exceptionally bright fluorescent DNA base analogue
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 9:14, s. 3494-3502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emissive base analogs are powerful tools for probing nucleic acids at the molecular level. Herein we describe the development and thorough characterization of pentacyclic adenine (pA), a versatile base analog with exceptional fluorescence properties. When incorporated into DNA, pA pairs selectively with thymine without perturbing the B-form structure and is among the brightest nucleobase analogs reported so far. Together with the recently established base analog acceptor qAnitro, pA allows accurate distance and orientation determination via Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements. The high brightness at emission wavelengths above 400 nm also makes it suitable for fluorescence microscopy, as demonstrated by imaging of single liposomal constructs coated with cholesterolanchored pA-dsDNA, using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Finally, pA is also highly promising for two-photon excitation at 780 nm, with a brightness (5.3 GM) that is unprecedented for a base analog.
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| 7. |
- Brady, Mark V., et al.
(författare)
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Is Passive Farming A Problem for Agriculture in the EU?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural Economics. - : Wiley. - 0021-857X .- 1477-9552. ; 68:3, s. 632-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address a new agricultural policy concern following the decoupling of CAP direct payments in 2005: passive farming, whereby landowners maintain their agricultural area to collect payments without producing commodities. It is claimed that passive farming is hindering agricultural development by 'blocking' access to farmland for expanding farmers. We evaluate the links between the EU's Single Payment Scheme (SPS), passive farming, land use and agricultural development. Following identification of the rational landowners' optimal land-use choice, we evaluate the effects of the SPS using a spatial, agent-based model that simulates farmers' competition for land in a case-study region of Sweden. We show that passive farming does not constrain land from being used in production; on the contrary more land is used than would be the case without the SPS. We conclude that passive farming is not a problem for agriculture, but provides public goods that would otherwise be under provided: preservation of marginal farmland and future food security. However SPS payments on highly productive land inflate land values (capitalisation) and slow structural change, which hinder agricultural development. Consequently CAP goals could be better served by targeting payments on marginal land and phasing out payments to highly productive land.
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| 8. |
- Brady, Mark V., et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap for valuing soil ecosystem services to inform multi-level decision-making in agriculture
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural soils contribute to human welfare through their generation of manifold ecosystem services such as food security, water quality and climate regulation, but these are degraded by common farming practices. We have developed a roadmap for evaluating the contribution of both private- and public-good ecosystem services generated by agricultural soils to societal welfare. The approach considers the needs of decision-makers at different levels, from farmers to policy-makers. This we achieve through combining production functions-to quantify the impacts of alternative management practices on agricultural productivity and soil ecosystem services-with non-market valuation of changes in public-good ecosystem services and benefit-cost analysis. The results show that the net present value to society of implementing soil-friendly measures are substantial, but negative for farmers in our study region. Although we apply our roadmap to an intensive farming region in Sweden, we believe our results have broad applicability, because farmers do not usually account for the value of public-good ecosystem services. We therefore conclude that market outcomes are not likely to be generating optimal levels of soil ecosystem services from society's perspective. Innovative governance institutions are needed to resolve this market failure to safeguard the welfare of future generations.
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| 9. |
- Brady, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Vikten av att synas - nya verktyg för att värdera ekosystemtjänster
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ekosystemtjänster är alla nyttor som ett fungerande ekosystem ger människan. Att bevara jordbruksmarkens ekosystemtjänster kan vara kostsamt för jordbrukare och då krävs det att de nyttor som tjänsterna ger syns och att bevarandet av ekosystemtjänster är lönsamt. Vi har utvecklat verktyg för att kvantifiera och värdera ekosystemtjänster. Vi presenterar dessa verktyg och visar att:- När det blir lättare att se hur ekosystemtjänster kan bidra till ökad nytta kommer ekosystemtjänster att bevaras i större utsträckning.- Både jordbrukare och samhället kan vinna på att bevara jordbruksmarkens ekosystemtjänster.- Samhällets välfärd ökar då jordbrukets negativa miljöpåverkan minskar.
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| 10. |
- Brunes, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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NIMBYs for the rich and YIMBYs for the poor : analyzing the property price effects of infill development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of European Real Estate Research. - : EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1753-9269 .- 1753-9277. ; 13:1, s. 55-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This paper aims to analyze how nearby property prices are affected by new construction projects in Stockholm. If there is an impact on property prices, the authors endeavor to investigate whether the effects vary among different areas within the municipality, for different groups of inhabitants and for different types of housing (i.e. public versus private housing). Design/methodology/approach The authors use a difference-in-difference specification in a hedonic model, and the sample consists of more than 90,000 observations over the period 2005-2013. Findings The results are robust and indicate that house prices in nearby areas increase following the completion of infill development. The results also indicate that infill development has a positive spillover effect on nearby dwelling prices only in areas with lower incomes, more public housing units and more inhabitants born abroad. Originality/value It provides an analysis on how nearby property prices are affected by new construction projects by creating a restricted control area, so as to make the treatment group and the control group more homogeneous. Thus, it mitigates any potential problems with spatial dependency, which can cause biased standard errors.
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