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| 2. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s testimony and the emotional victim effect
- 2015
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Ingår i: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1355-3259 .- 2044-8333. ; 20:2, s. 365-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of (1) child victims’ emotional expression during testimony and (2) the camera perspective used to record the testimony, on judgements of credibility. Methods. Law students (N = 155 in Experiment 1; N = 86 in Experiment 2) watched a child harassment complainant provide a statement in an emotional or neutral manner, presented using different camera perspectives: balanced focus (i.e., a shot portraying an equal focus on the child complainant and the interviewer) versus picture-in-picture (PiP; i.e., a shot portraying only the child with an inset window depicting both the child and the interviewer in the corner of the screen) in Experiment 1 and PiP versus child focus (i.e., a shot depicting only the child) in Experiment 2. Results. Although no effect was found for camera perspective, the results provide support for an emotional victim effect (EVE); the child was perceived as more credible and truthful when communicating the statement in an emotional (vs. neutral) manner. Moreover, the results provide corroborating evidence for the assumption that the EVE rests on both cognitive (expectancy confirmation) and affective (compassion) mechanisms. Conclusions. These findings extend previous research by showing that the EVE and its underlying mechanisms apply to judgements of child complainants in the context of non sexual crimes and appear to be robust against variations of camera perspectives. Legal implications are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Rättspraktikers inställning till modern ljud- och bildteknik i rättssalen : En rättspsykologisk studie
- 2012
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Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; :3, s. 197-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processlagstiftningsreformen En modernare rättegång (EMR) har inneburit en ökad användning av modern teknik i rättsliga förfaranden. Frågan hur rättspraktiker uppfattar att denna teknik påverkar deras bedömningar av exempelvis trovärdighet är inte minst därför högaktuell.Rättspsykologiska studier har visat att förhör och förhörspersoner förmedlade genom ljud- och bilduppspelning (videouppspelning) eller ljud- och bildöverföring (videokonferens) bedöms som mindre trovärdiga och tillförlitliga än de som hörs på plats i rättssalen. De flesta av dessa studier har baserats på lekmäns bedömningar av fiktiva vittnesmål. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka rättspraktikers inställning till den moderna ljud- och bildtekniken, liksom vilken betydelse de anser att presentationsformatet har vid bedömningar av målsägandes tillförlitlighet och trovärdighet i brottmål. Studien utgörs av enkätsvar från 400 svenska rättspraktiker (poliser, nämndemän, åklagare och lagfarna domare).Studiens resultat visar att respondenterna överlag var positiva till såväl videokonferens som videoinspelade tingsrättsförhör. Som fördelar framhölls att tekniken kan vara till stor hjälp för målsägande genom att reducera deras stress och öka utsagornas korrekthet. I linje med tidigare forskning menade man dock att de som hörs på plats i rättssalen framstår som mer tillförlitliga och trovärdiga än de som hörs genom videokonferens eller uppspelad video. Respondenterna beskrev förhör på plats i rättssalen som bland annat mer levande och känslomässigt engagerande. Resultaten diskuteras avseende likheter och skillnader mellan olika grupper av rättspraktiker och konsekvenser av teknikens tillämpning inom rättsväsendet.
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| 4. |
- Nilsonne, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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”Sluta betala för att få publicera forskning”
- 2023
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2023-03-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vetenskapliga tidskrifter som gömmer sina forskningsresultat bakom betalväggar har spelat ut sin roll. Nu har vi chansen att få 500 miljoner mer till forskning – bara genom att säga nej till tidskrifterna, skriver debattörer.
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| 5. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Elicit cues to deception: The effects of different evidence disclosure tactics
- 2011
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Ingår i: The 8th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway, September 16-17, 2011..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on real-life interviews with suspects shows that disclosure of evidence is a very common tactic and that it can occur in all phases of the interview. It is therefore rather remarkable that there is very little research on the effectiveness of different disclosure tactics (by effectiveness we refer to the number and strength of cues that discriminate between truth and deception). Hence, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of three different disclosure tactics with respect to one single piece of evidence: presenting the evidence early and two versions of late presenting of the evidence (Strategic Use of Evidence; SUE). A mock-theft scenario was employed with 195 participants who were randomly allocated to one of six conditions: guilty or innocent suspects interviewed with one of the three tactics. We found that both when and how the evidence is disclosed is related to effectiveness of interview tactic. First, with respect to when we found that it was more effective to disclose the evidence late (vs. early) in the interview. Second, with respect to how we found that it was more effective to disclose the evidence in a stepwise (vs. direct) manner. Disclosing the evidence late and in a stepwise manner resulted in two strong cues to deception (statement-evidence inconsistency and within-statement inconsistency), lending further and new support to the SUE-technique.
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| 6. |
- Granhag, Pär Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Eliciting cues to deception by tactical disclosure of evidence : The first test of the Evidence Framing Matrix
- 2012
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Ingår i: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1355-3259 .- 2044-8333. ; 18:2, s. 341-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Research on real-life suspect interviews shows that disclosure of evidenceis a very common tactic and that it occurs in all phases of the interview. It istherefore remarkable that there is hardly any research on the effectiveness of differentdisclosure tactics. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of three differentdisclosure tactics: presenting the evidence early and two versions of the Strategic Useof Evidence (SUE) technique.Methods. For the SUE-Basic technique (SUE-B), the evidence was disclosed late inthe interview. For the SUE-Incremental technique (SUE-I), we used a stepwise disclosuretactic derived from the so-called Evidence Framing Matrix. The tactic consists of revealingevidence of increasing strength and precision. A mock-theft scenario was employedwith 195 participants who were randomly allocated to one of six conditions: guilty orinnocent suspects were interviewed with one of the three techniques. Two measures ofinconsistency were used as dependent variables: statement-evidence inconsistency andthe newly developed within-statement inconsistency.Results. By interviewing with SUE-I, strong cues to deception were elicited, especiallyfor the statement-evidence inconsistency variable. For the SUE-B, significant but smallerdifferences between guilty and innocent suspects were obtained.Conclusions. We found that both when and how the evidence was disclosedmoderated the effectiveness of disclosure. With respect to when, it was more effectiveto disclose the evidence late (vs. early), and with respect to how, it was more effective todisclose the evidence in a stepwise (vs. direct) manner. The tactical aspects of evidencedisclosure are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Eliciting cues to deception by tactical disclosure of evidence: The first test of the Evidence Framing Matrix.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - 1355-3259. ; 18:2, s. 341-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Research on real-life suspect interviews shows that disclosure of evidence is a very common tactic and that it occurs in all phases of the interview. It is therefore remarkable that there is hardly any research on the effectiveness of different disclosure tactics. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of three different disclosure tactics: presenting the evidence early and two versions of the Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) technique. Methods. For the SUE-Basic technique (SUE-B), the evidence was disclosed late in the interview. For the SUE-Incremental technique (SUE-I), we used a stepwise disclosure tactic derived from the so-called Evidence Framing Matrix. The tactic consists of revealing evidence of increasing strength and precision. A mock-theft scenario was employed with 195 participants who were randomly allocated to one of six conditions: guilty or innocent suspects were interviewed with one of the three techniques. Two measures of inconsistency were used as dependent variables: statement-evidence inconsistency and the newly developed within-statement inconsistency. Results. By interviewing with SUE-I, strong cues to deception were elicited, especially for the statement-evidence inconsistency variable. For the SUE-B, significant but smaller differences between guilty and innocent suspects were obtained. Conclusions. We found that both when and how the evidence was disclosed moderated the effectiveness of disclosure. With respect to when, it was more effective to disclose the evidence late (vs. early), and with respect to how, it was more effective to disclose the evidence in a stepwise (vs. direct) manner. The tactical aspects of evidence disclosure are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Nilsonne, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Öppen data kan öka kunskapsmassan och motverka fusk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 113:47, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Öppna data från kliniska prövningar och andra studier gör det möjligt att utvinna mer kunskap, minskar risken för snedvridning (bias) och kan motverka fusk.Krav på öppna data ställs nu av EU liksom av flera forskningsfinansiärer och vetenskapliga tidskrifter.Meritsättning av öppna data är en delvis olöst utmaning.
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| 9. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting Male and Female Criminals’ Truths and Lies
- 2009
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Ingår i: 19th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL), Sorrrento, Italy, 2-5 September 2009..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to gain insight into criminals’ lie-telling strategies and their storytelling, an interview study with female and male criminals was conducted. The aim was furthermore to examine if their deceptive and truthful statements could be distinguished with the aid of a set of verbal criteria. Previous research about deception detection has shown higher accuracy for verbal content approaches (such as SVA/CBCA and RM) than for analyses of nonverbal behaviour. In this study, we set out to examine a criteria list suggested by the Swedish Supreme Court which has not been empirically tested until now. Thirty criminals (male and female) were all interviewed twice. Once about a real-life criminal act they had committed and been sentenced for (truths), and once about another criminal act they had never committed (lies). The interviews consisted of a free recall part and a few specific questions about strategies the criminals use used when trying to convince a police investigator of their innocence. A short questionnaire about demographic data and criminal experience was also filled out. The statements were analyzed with a verbal content tool containing a number of criteria supposedly indicating truth and deception. Among the results that will be presented is accuracy rates for truths and lies, and an analysis of the strategies used when lying and telling the truth. We argue that the results are important for how to evaluate criminals’ statements in police investigations. Furthermore, this study was the first to investigate the content criteria suggested by the Swedish Supreme Court.
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| 10. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Inside Criminal Minds: Offenders’ Strategies when Lying
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profliling. - : Wiley. - 1544-4767 .- 1544-4759. ; 8:3, s. 271-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at extending the deception literature by examining lie-telling strategies given by persons with criminal experience. In interviews taking place in prisons, offenders (N = 35) provided lie-telling strategies in a free narrative style. In an inductive content analysis, we coded both all strategies provided as well as one principal strategy for each participant. In total 13 strategies were identified, which were grouped into three broader category groups: General verbal, General nonverbal and Specific interview strategies. The most often stated strategies were Close to truth, Eye contact, and No strategy. The most often stated principal strategies were Close to truth, Not giving away information, and No strategy. Some participants provided strategies, such as not giving away information at all in interviews/interrogations, which showed a sophisticated understanding of the police interview situation and the task of the police and prosecutor. Overall, the participants showed great diversity in preferred lie-telling strategy. The results are partly in line with previous research from student samples, and provide new insights into the criminally experienced individuals’ lie-telling strategies. The results are discussed with regard to impression and information management and police interrogation practice.
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