| 1. |
- Ameur, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive profiling of the vaginal microbiome in HIV positive women using massive parallel semiconductor sequencing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 4, s. 4398-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infections by HIV increase the risk of acquiring secondary viral and bacterial infections and methods are needed to determine the spectrum of co-infections for proper treatment. We used rolling circle amplification (RCA) and Ion Proton sequencing to investigate the vaginal microbiome of 20 HIV positive women from South Africa. A total of 46 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types were found, many of which are not detected by existing genotyping assays. Moreover, the complete genomes of two novel HPV types were determined. Abundance of HPV infections was highly correlated with real-time PCR estimates, indicating that the RCA-Proton method can be used for quantification of individual pathogens. We also identified a large number of other viral, bacterial and parasitic co-infections and the spectrum of these co-infections varied widely between individuals. Our method provides rapid detection of a broad range of pathogens and the ability to reconstruct complete genomes of novel infectious agents.
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| 2. |
- Chatterjee, Koushik, et al.
(författare)
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Fas and FasL gene polymorphisms are not associated with cervical cancer but differ among Black and Mixed-ancestry South Africans
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC research notes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-0500. ; 2, s. 238-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the most important cancers in African women. Polymorphisms in the Fas (FasR) and Fas ligand (FasL) genes have been reported to be associated with cervical cancer in certain populations. This study investigated whether these polymorphisms are associated with cervical cancer or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in South African women. FINDINGS: Participants were 447 women with invasive cervical cancer (106 black African and 341 women of mixed-ancestry) and 424 healthy women controls, matched by age, (101 black African and 323 women of mixed-ancestry) and domicile (rural or urban). Two polymorphisms in Fas gene (FasR-1377G/A, FasR-670A/G) and one in FasL gene (FasL844T/C) were genotyped by TaqMan. None of the polymorphisms, or the Fas haplotypes, showed a significant association with cervical cancer. There was also no association with HPV infection in the control group. However, on analysis of the control group, highly significant allele, genotype and haplotype differences were found between the two ethnic groups. There were generally low frequencies of FasR-1377A alleles, FasR-670A alleles and FasL-844C alleles in black women compared to the women of mixed-ancestry. CONCLUSION: This is the first study on the role of Fas and FasL polymorphisms in cervical cancer in African populations. Our results suggest that these SNPs are not associated with cervical cancer in these populations. The allele frequencies of the three SNPs differed markedly between the indigenous African black and mixed-ancestry populations.
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| 3. |
- Gustavsson, Inger M., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical validation of the HPVIR high-risk HPV test on cervical samples according to the international guidelines for human papillomavirus DNA test requirements for cervical cancer screening
- 2019
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Ingår i: Virology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-422X. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe indicating FTA card is a dry medium used for collection of cervical samples. HPVIR is a multiplex real-time PCR test that detects 12 high-risk human papillomavirus types (hrHPV) and provides single genotype information for HPV16, − 31, − 35, − 39, − 51, − 56, and − 59 and pooled type information for HPV18/45 and HPV33/52/58. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a strategy with cervical samples collected on the FTA card and subsequently analysed with the HPVIR test complies with the criteria of the international guidelines for a clinically validated method for cervical screening.MethodsWe performed a non-inferiority test comparing the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the candidate test (FTA card and HPVIR) with a clinically validated reference test (Cobas® HPV test) based on liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples. Two clinical samples (LBC and FTA) were collected from 896 participants in population-based screening. For evaluation of the specificity we used 799 women without ≥ CIN2, and for clinical sensitivity we used 67 women with histologically confirmed ≥ CIN2. The reproducibility was studied by performing inter- and intra-laboratory tests of 558 additional clinical samples.ResultsThe clinical sensitivity and specificity for samples collected on the FTA card and analysed using the HPVIR test were non-inferior to samples analysed with the Cobas® HPV test based on LBC samples (non-inferiority test score, p = 1.0 × 10− 2 and p = 1.89 × 10− 9, respectively). Adequate agreement of > 87% was seen in both the intra- and inter-laboratory comparisons.ConclusionsSamples collected on the indicating FTA card and analysed with HPVIR test fulfil the requirements of the international guidelines and can therefore be used in primary cervical cancer screening.
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| 4. |
- Maueia, Cremildo, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of the Human Papillomavirus Genotypes, According to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status in a Cohort of Women from Maputo, Mozambique
- 2021
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI. - 1999-4915. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is now a well-established cause of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. An association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and higher HPV incidence and prevalence are commonly reported. This study was conducted to demonstrate HPV prevalence, genotypes and its characteristics, according to the HIV status in women from Maputo in Mozambique.METHODS: A total of 233 participants with ages ranging from fourteen to forty-five were included. Cervical samples were collected, DNA extracted, and HPV genotyping was performed using the HPV Direct Flow CHIP Kit.RESULTS: In total, 177 HIV-negative and 56 HIV-positive women were included in the analysis. The overall HPV prevalence was 63% and was significantly higher among HIV-positive women (79% versus 58% among HIV-negative women; p = 0.005). The prevalence of multiple HPV type infections was 32%. High-risk HPV types 52, 68, 35, 18 and 16 were the most frequent. A higher proportion of HIV-positive women had multiple HPV types compared with HIV-negative women.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of HPV in the study cohort. HIV-positive women were identified as having the highest HPV prevalence and infection with multiple HPV types across all ages. High-risk genotypes were the most commonly found.
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| 5. |
- Mbulawa, Zizipho Z. A., et al.
(författare)
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Increased alpha-9 human papillomavirus species viral load in human immunodeficiency virus positive women
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 14, s. 51-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persistent high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and increased HR-HPV viral load are associated with the development of cancer. This study investigated the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, HIV viral load and CD4 count on the HR-HPV viral load; and also investigated the predictors of cervical abnormalities. Methods: Participants were 292 HIV-negative and 258 HIV-positive women. HR-HPV viral loads in cervical cells were determined by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: HIV-positive women had a significantly higher viral load for combined alpha-9 HPV species compared to HIV-negative women (median 3.9 copies per cell compared to 0.63 copies per cell, P = 0.022). This was not observed for individual HPV types. HIV-positive women with CD4 counts > 350/mu l had significantly lower viral loads for alpha-7 HPV species (median 0.12 copies per cell) than HIV-positive women with CD4 = 350/mu l (median 1.52 copies per cell, P = 0.008), but low CD4 count was not significantly associated with increased viral load for other HPV species. High viral loads for alpha-6, alpha-7 and alpha-9 HPV species were significant predictors of abnormal cytology in women. Conclusion: HIV co-infection significantly increased the combined alpha-9 HPV viral load in women but not viral loads for individual HPV types. High HR-HPV viral load was associated with cervical abnormal cytology.
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| 6. |
- Taku, Ongeziwe, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptability of self- collection for human papillomavirus detection in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 15:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing on vaginal self-collected and cervical clinician-collected specimens shows comparable performance. Self-sampling on FTA cards is suitable for women residing in rural settings or not attending regular screening and increases participation rate in the cervical cancer screening programme. We aimed to investigate and compare high-risk (HR)-HPV prevalence in clinician-collected and self-collected genital specimens as well as two different HPV tests on the clinician collected samples. A total of 737 women were recruited from two sites, a community health clinic (n = 413) and a referral clinic (n = 324) in the Eastern Cape Province. Cervical clinician-collected (FTA cards and Digene transport medium) and vaginal self-collected specimens were tested for HR-HPV using the hpVIR assay (FTA cards) and Hybrid Capture-2 (Digene transport medium). There was no significant difference in HR-HPV positivity between clinician-collected and self-collected specimens among women from the community-based clinic (26.4% vs 27.9%, p = 0.601) or the referral clinic (83.6% vs 79.9%, p = 0.222). HPV16, HPV35, and HPV33/52/58 group were the most frequently detected genotypes at both study sites. Self-sampling for HPV testing received a high positive response of acceptance (77.2% in the community-based clinic and 83.0% in referral clinic). The overall agreement between hpVIR assay and HC-2 was 87.7% (k = 0.754). The study found good agreement between clinician-collected and self-collected genital specimens. Self-collection can have a positive impact on a cervical screening program in South Africa by increasing coverage of women in rural areas, in particular those unable to visit the clinics and women attending clinics where cytology-based programs are not functioning effectively.
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| 7. |
- Taku, Ongeziwe, et al.
(författare)
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Human papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors among HIV-negative and HIV-positive women residing in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1201-9712 .- 1878-3511. ; 95, s. 176-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) and factors associated with HR-HPV infection among women from rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: HPV prevalence was determined by Hybrid Capture 2 assay in cervical specimens from 417 women aged >= 30 years (median 46 years) recruited from the community health clinic in the Eastern Cape. Results: HR-HPV prevalence was 28.5% (119/417), and HIV-positive women had significantly higher HR-HPV prevalence than HIV-negative women (40.6%, 63/155 vs 21.4%, 56/262, respectively; p = 0.001). HIV-positive status (odds ratio (OR) 2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63-3.90), having >= 3 lifetime sexual partners (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.16-3.89), having >= 1 sexual partner in the last month (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.21-2.92), >= 4 times frequency of vaginal sex in the past 1 month (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.32-4.35), and having a vaginal discharge currently/in the previous week (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.18-3.85) increased the risk of HR-HPV infection. In the multivariate analysis, HIV positivity remained strongly associated with HR-HPV infection (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.17-3.22). Conclusions: Risk factors related to sexual behaviors play a significant role in HR-HPV infection in this population. This report will inform health policymakers on HPV prevalence and contribute to discussions on the use of HPV testing as the primary cervical cancer screening test in South Africa. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.
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