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- Delfabbro, Paul H., et al.
(författare)
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Body image and psychological well-being in adolescents : the relationship between gender and school type
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Genetic Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0022-1325 .- 1940-0896. ; 172:1, s. 67-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents (N = 1,281; M age = 15.2 years, SD = 0.51 years) from a state-wide sample of schools provided information about their psychological well-being, family functioning, extraversion, and perceived physical attractiveness and weight, using a questionnaire completed at school. Consistent with previous research, girls were significantly more likely than boys to be dissatisfied with their weight and physical appearance, and these factors explained significantly more variation in self-esteem than in life satisfaction or other measures of psychological well-being. The strong relationship between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem for adolescent girls was not moderated by school type (single sex or educational). However, girls who were dissatisfied but psychologically well adjusted tended to be more extraverted, have more close friends and receive greater family support.
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| 2. |
- Delfabbro, Paul H, et al.
(författare)
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Mid-Adolescent Predictors of Adult Drinking Levels in Early Adulthood and Gender Differences : Longitudinal Analyses Based on the South Australian School Leavers Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of addiction. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-7834 .- 2090-7850. ; 2016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is considerable public health interest in understanding what factors during adolescence predict longer-term drinking patterns in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the age 15 social and psychological predictors of less healthy drinking patterns in early adulthood. The study investigates the relative importance of internalising problems, other risky health behaviours, and peer relationships after controlling for family background characteristics. A sample of 812 young people who provided complete alcohol consumption data from the age of 15 to 20 years (5 measurement points) were drawn from South Australian secondary schools and given a detailed survey concerning their psychological and social wellbeing. Respondents were classified into two groups based upon a percentile division: those who drank at levels consistently below NHMRC guidelines and those who consistently drank at higher levels. The results showed that poorer age 15 scores on measures of psychological wellbeing including scores on the GHQ-12, self-esteem, and life-satisfaction as well as engagement in health-related behaviours such as smoking or drug-taking were associated with higher drinking levels in early adulthood. The pattern of results was generally similar for both genders. Higher drinking levels were most strongly associated with smoking and marijuana use and poorer psychological wellbeing during adolescence.
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| 3. |
- Delfabbro, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Who is doing well : Age 15 predictors of psychological and physical health in young adulthood
- 2019
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Ingår i: Australian psychologist. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0005-0067 .- 1742-9544. ; 54:2, s. 114-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveAccording to Diener (1984), wellbeing is a multi-faceted concept reflecting satisfaction with life, good physical health, and fewer negative psychological symptoms. Using data from a 10-year longitudinal study of school leavers (n = 390), we examine whether people aged 25 can be differentiated into clusters based on indicators of wellbeing, then whether membership in the healthy as opposed to the less healthy cluster can be predicted by age 15 variables.MethodTested predictor variables at age 15 captured the major influences in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory (1979) including individual, family, and social influences. Young adults (age 25) were differentiated into two clusters based on indicators of mental health and subjective wellbeing.ResultsPoorer health, self-image, family functioning, and peer relations at age 15 predicted poorer overall wellbeing at age 25.ConclusionsResults underscore the potential value of psychological support for adolescents within the school environment and the early identification of individuals at risk of problems which may persist into adulthood.
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| 5. |
- Bean, Christopher G., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Differential associations of job control components with both waist circumference and body mass index
- 2015
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:The Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model is commonly used to investigate associations between psychosocial work factors and employee health, yet research considering obesity using the JDCS model remains inconclusive.OBJECTIVE:This study investigates which parts of the JDCS model are associated with measures of obesity and provides a comparison between waist circumference (higher values imply central obesity) and body mass index (BMI, higher values imply overall obesity).METHODS:Contrary to common practice, in this study the JDCS components are not reduced into composite or global scores. In light of emerging evidence that the two components of job control (skill discretion and decision authority) could have differential associations with related health outcomes, components of the JDCS model were analysed at the subscale level. A cross-sectional design with a South Australian cohort (N = 450) combined computer-assisted telephone interview data and clinic-measured height, weight and waist circumference.RESULTS:After controlling for sex, age, household income, work hours and job nature (blue vs. white-collar), the two components of job control were the only parts of the JDCS model to hold significant associations with measures of obesity. Notably, the associations between skill discretion and waist circumference (b = -.502, p = .001), and skill discretion and BMI (b = -.163, p = .005) were negative. Conversely, the association between decision authority and waist circumference (b = .282, p = .022) was positive.CONCLUSION:These findings are significant since skill discretion and decision authority are typically combined into a composite measure of job control or decision latitude. Our findings suggest skill discretion and decision authority should be treated separately since combining these theoretically distinct components may conceal their differential associations with measures of obesity, masking their individual importance. Psychosocial work factors displayed stronger associations and explained greater variance in waist circumference compared with BMI, and possible reasons for this are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Bean, Christopher, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Short sleep, psychosocial work stressors, and measures of obesity: results from an Australian cohort study
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Short sleep and workplace stress are both established risk factors for overweight and obesity, yet few studies have considered how these two factors may intersect. The aim of this study was to establish the associations between these two exposures and their relative associations with body mass index (kg/m2 ) and waist circumference (cm).Methods: A cross-sectional design sampled current employees (N=423) from an Australian cohort using a computer-assisted telephone interview and clinic-measured height, weight, and waist circumference. Short sleep (≤6h/ night) was reported by 25.8% of the participants. Psychosocial work stressors were defined using the Job Demand-ControlSupport (JDCS) model and calculated at the subscale level (psychological demands; skill discretion; decision authority; coworker support; supervisor support). General linear models were used to assess associations between short sleep, the JDCS subscales (split at median), and BMI and waist circumference.Results: Separate analyses identified short sleep and a lack of skill discretion at work as predictors of both BMI and waist circumference. Furthermore, when both predictors were entered in the same model, each was associated with elevated BMI (b=1.79, p=.003; b=1.08, p=.045) and waist circumference (b=4.20, p=.005; b=2.97, p=.028). Short sleep was also associated with high perceived psychological demands at work (b=1.81, p=.003). All models were adjusted for gender, age, work hours, blue vs. white collar job, and household income.Discussion: These findings indicate the importance of considering the interplay between short sleep and psychosocial work stressors, and their respective associations with measures of overweight Sleep Sci. 2019;12(Supl.3):1-75 26 and obesity. Further research using longitudinal data is needed to model potential mechanisms (e.g., behavioral and physiological). A novel feature was the subscale consideration of the prominent JDCS model of work stress. Advocacy for both improved habitual sleep (e.g., ≥7h/night) and job redesign to increase skill discretion at work may promote lower levels of overweight and obesity for employees.
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