| 1. |
- Carlborg, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide in schizophrenia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-7175 .- 1744-8360. ; 10:7, s. 1153-64
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia is a disorder with an estimated suicide risk of 4-5%. Many factors are involved in the suicidal process, some of which are different from those in the general population. Clinical risk factors include attempted suicide, depression, male gender, substance abuse and hopelessness. Biosocial factors, such as a high intelligence quotient and high level of premorbid function, have also been associated with an increased risk of suicide in patients with schizophrenia. Suicide risk is especially high during the first year after diagnosis. Many of the suicides occur during hospital admission or soon after discharge. Management of suicide risk includes both medical treatment and psychosocial interventions. Still, risk factors are crude; efforts to predict individual suicides have not proved useful and more research is needed.
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| 2. |
- Lundgren, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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Primary hyperparathyroidism revisited in menopausal women with serum calcium in upper normal range at population-based screening 8 years ago
- 2002
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Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 26:8, s. 931-936
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Population-based screening showed 2.1% prevalence of primaryhyperparathyroidism (pHPT) in postmenopausal women. Individualswith total serum (s)-calcium levels of 2.55 mmol/L or more at screeningwere diagnosed with pHPT when subsequent analysis supported inappropriatelyelevated intact parathormone (PTH) levels in relation to evennormal s-calcium levels. The arbitrary diagnostic criteria were validatedby parathyroidectomy. Herein we reinvestigated biochemical signs ofpHPT in women not diagnosed with pHPT due to s-calcium 2.50 to 2.54mmol/L (group A, n 160) at screening or due to appropriate PTH levelson two occasions after screening (group B, n 70). Altogether, 99 womenin group A and 47 in group B underwent reinvestigation 8.8 years afterscreening when they were 65 to 84 years old. The s-calcium levels averaged2.56 mmol/L and had increased in group A (mean 0.04 mmol/L) anddecreased in group B (mean 0.05 mmol/L). A total of 48 and 18 females(48%, 38%), respectively, met the previously validated criteria of pHPT.Altogether 21% of them were hypercalcemic (range 2.60 –3.12 mmol/L).Subgroup analysis showed that PTH had not increased with time (n 47)and that atherogenic blood lipids, but not glucose levels, were similar inpHPT patients and matched controls (n 37). Assuming the existence ofpHPT already at screening, the prevalence of pHPT could be adjusted to3.4%. Even the most liberal diagnostic criteria utilized at pHPT screeningseemed to underdiagnose the disease by inefficient cutoff limits for scalciumand PTH. Because one-fifth of the women with pHPT progressedto hypercalcemia, long-term follow-up is advocated for those with scalciumin the upper normal range.
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