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- Ganda Mall, John-Peter, 1988-
(författare)
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Non-digestible Polysaccharides and Intestinal Barrier Function : specific focus on its efficacy in elderly and patients with Crohn’s disease
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A large number of elderly suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as constipation and diarrhoea. The underlying mechanisms of age-acquired GI symptoms are not well studied but are necessary to clarify in order to recommend the right treatment. Non-digestible polysaccharides (NPS) are dietary fibres that could have beneficial effects on the intestinal immune system and barrier function, although their efficacy needs to be evaluated. Paper I showed that elderly with GI symptoms have significantly higher small intestinal permeability than a general elderly population, along with a stronger association to psychological distress. In Paper II we performed a randomised controlled trial with a general population of elderly that consumed either placebo, the NPS’s arabinoxylan or oat β-glucan for a period of 6 weeks. No protective effects were observed related to indomethacin-induced intestinal hyperpermeability, inflammatory markers, or self-reported health if compared to placebo. Paper III showed that stimulation with a yeast-derived β-glucan significantly attenuated Compound (C) 48/80-induced hyperpermeability in colonic biopsies from elderly with GI symptoms mounted in Ussing chambers, but not in young healthy adults. Arabinoxylan attenuated only C48/80-induced transcellular permeability in elderly but both paracellular and transcellular permeability in young healthy adults. Paper IV showed that the same yeast-derived β-glucan from paper III could cross the epithelium of ileal tissues from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and non-CD controls, mounted in Ussing chambers, and attenuate C48/80-induced hyperpermeability. In conclusion, we found that elderly with GI symptoms display a deteriorated barrier function and that administration of selective NPS can have beneficial effect on intestinal permeability in selective populations.
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| 2. |
- Sima, Eduardo, 1975-
(författare)
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Gastric bypass : Technical aspects and long-term results
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) achieves superior short- and long-term weight loss compared to other weight loss modalities. Different operative techniques have been developed to technically facilitate the surgical procedure, with consequences in the form of an array of postoperative complications and gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, as our follow-up on operated patients extends beyond the first postoperative years, it becomes apparent that a significant number of patients experience unsatisfactory weight result. Current research is just starting to chart factors associated with postoperative long-term weight regain with the ultimate goal of preventing it.In Paper I it is found that the linear stapled technique for the gastrojejunostomy in laparoscopic RYGBP is associated with shorter operative time, in-hospital stay and a lower incidence of surgical site infections and anastomotic strictures compared to the circular stapled technique. Paper II demonstrates that, despite no differences in weight result, the 21-mm circular stapled technique for the gastrojejunostomy is associated with a higher incidence of vomiting and endoscopic anastomotic dilatations compared to the 25-mm circular stapled technique and the linear stapled technique in the long-term after RYGBP. Paper III shows that despite differences in body composition, long-term weight responders and non-responders after RYGBP did not differ in resting, glucose-induced or activity-related energy expenditure. Lastly Paper IV shows long-term weight result is associated with fasting levels of leptin and ghrelin, and that the response of these hormones to a glucose load might contribute to perpetuate obesity.
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| 3. |
- Paul, Rebecca, 1978-
(författare)
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Obesity and Effects of Bariatric Surgery - with a Certain Focus on Women's Health
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Severe obesity influences sex hormone levels in women, which may result in subfertility, menstrual disturbances, anovulation and hyperandrogenism as well as increased risk for complications during pregnancy and birthing. Bariatric surgery leads to long-term weight loss and resolution of several comorbidities including hormone imbalance. However, the impact of altered sex hormones in women with obesity is insufficiently understood. Little is known concerning potential influences of changed sex hormone levels on women's function and quality of life following bariatric surgery and subsequent weight loss. This thesis aims to understand sex hormone balance in women with severe obesity and after bariatric surgery and to explore women’s experiences of changes in life after bariatric surgery and weight loss. Study I included 100 women and utilized blood assay to investigate changes in serum sex- hormone levels and questionnaires concerning sexual function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with severe obesity before and one year after bariatric surgery. Findings from Study I indicated that testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin normalized, and questionnaires showed improvements in several domains of sexual function, psychological well-being and general health in women one year after surgery. Study II used a qualitative method, specifically thematic analysis, to explore women's pre- and postoperative experiences, indicating that increased fertility and achieved motherhood were motivating factors to undergo bariatric surgery. Fourteen women were interviewed, and the themes of “Experiencing Motherhood and Femininity” and “Achieving a Normal Life” emerged from the data. Study III applied the qualitative method with Gadamer’s hermeneutic analysis to understand the lived experiences of premenopausal women with obesity before and after having undergone bariatric surgery. A focus was on influences of altered sex hormones and potential restoration of levels after surgery. Ten women were included, and analysis of the horizons created the fusions of “Recognition of Unhealthy Body Weight”, “Dealing with Other People’s Opinions and Society’s Norms”, “Life has Changed in a Positive Way” and “Accepting Inner Self and Bodily Changes”. Finally, to elaborate on previous studies' findings and better understand the current knowledge base, a systematic review and interpretative meta-synthesis of published literature involving qualitative methods concerning women’s experiences of womanliness related to changes after undergoing bariatric surgery was conducted in study IV. Ten relevant studies were included, and a meta-synthesis, according to Gadamer’s hermeneutics, created the fusions of “Womanliness,” “A Healthy and Functioning Body,” and “Mind and Body Connection.” This thesis provides a clearer understanding of the experiences of living with obesity that motivate premenopausal women to seek bariatric surgery. The importance of postoperative benefits such as restored function, health and womanliness are illustrated as well as clarifying difficulties involving adaptations to life after surgery. These findings may inform potential bariatric surgery candidates and healthcare professionals of the experiences of women living with obesity, as well as expectations, postoperative experiences and challenges. These findings promote patient-centred guidance prior to surgery and during postoperative follow-up.
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