| 1. |
- Brzozowska, Kinga, et al.
(author)
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Effect of temperature during irradiation on the level of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to X-rays and neutrons.
- 2009
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In: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; , s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: It has been reported that the level of cytogenetic damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is higher following irradiation at 37 degrees C than at 0-4 degrees C. The mechanisms of this cytogenetic temperature effect are not fully known. The aim of our study was to check whether the effect was related to the indirect or direct action of radiation. Materials and methods: PBL were kept at 37 degrees C and 0 degrees C for 20 min and exposed to 2 Gy of X-rays. In some experiments PBL were isolated and 0.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added for 5 min before exposure. PBL were also irradiated at 37 degrees C and 0 degrees C with 1 Gy of 6 MeV neutrons. Micronuclei were scored as the endpoint. Following exposure to X-rays the level of initial DNA damage was also measured by the alkaline and neutral comet assay. Results: The frequency of micronuclei in cells exposed at 37 degrees C to X-rays or neutrons was higher than that after exposure at 0 degrees C. No effect of temperature was seen when PBL were exposed to X-rays in the presence of DMSO. No effect of temperature was observed on the level of DNA damage measured with the alkaline or neutral comet assay. Conclusions: The results of experiments with DMSO indicate that the temperature effect is due to the indirect action of radiation, i.e., via reactive oxygen species. However, this is not supported by the results with neutrons and the comet assay. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Chylenski, Maciej, et al.
(author)
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Patrilocality and hunter-gatherer-related ancestry of populations in East-Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age
- 2023
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The demographic history of East-Central Europe after the Neolithic period remains poorly explored, despite this region being on the confluence of various ecological zones and cultural entities. Here, the descendants of societies associated with steppe pastoralists form Early Bronze Age were followed by Middle Bronze Age populations displaying unique characteristics. Particularly, the predominance of collective burials, the scale of which, was previously seen only in the Neolithic. The extent to which this re-emergence of older traditions is a result of genetic shift or social changes in the MBA is a subject of debate. Here by analysing 91 newly generated genomes from Bronze Age individuals from present Poland and Ukraine, we discovered that Middle Bronze Age populations were formed by an additional admixture event involving a population with relatively high proportions of genetic component associated with European hunter-gatherers and that their social structure was based on, primarily patrilocal, multigenerational kin-groups. By analysing 91 Bronze Age genomes from East-Central Europe, the authors discovered that Middle Bronze Age populations were formed by an admixture event involving hunter-gatherers and that the social structure of resulting population was primarily patrilocal.
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| 3. |
- Juras, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Mitochondrial genomes from Bronze Age Poland reveal genetic continuity from the Late Neolithic and additional genetic affinities with the steppe populations
- 2020
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In: American Journal of Physical Anthropology. - : Wiley. - 0002-9483 .- 1096-8644. ; 172:2, s. 176-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: In this work we aim to investigate the origins and genetic affinities of Bronze Age populations (2,400-1,100 BC) from the region of southern Poland and to trace maternal kinship patterns present in the burials of those populations by the use of complete mitochondrial genomes.Materials and methods: We performed ancient DNA analyses for Bronze Age individuals from present-day Poland associated with the Strzy(z) over dotow culture, the Mierzanowice culture, and the Trzciniec Cultural circle. To obtain complete mitochondrial genomes, we sequenced genomic libraries using Illumina platform. Additionally, hybridization capture was used to enrich some of the samples for mitochondrial DNA. AMS C-14-dating was conducted for 51 individuals to verify chronological and cultural attribution of the analyzed samples.Results: Complete ancient mitochondrial genomes were generated for 80 of the Bronze Age individuals from present-day Poland. The results of the population genetic analyses indicate close maternal genetic affinity between Mierzanowice, Trzciniec, and Corded Ware culture-associated populations. This is in contrast to the genetically more distant Strzy(z) over dotow people that displayed closer maternal genetic relation to steppe populations associated with the preceding Yamnaya culture and Catacomb culture, and with later Scythians. Potential maternal kinship relations were identified in burials of Mierzanowice and Trzciniec populations analyzed in this study.Discussion: Results revealed genetic continuity from the Late Neolithic Corded Ware groups to Bronze Age Mierzanowice and Trzciniec-associated populations, and possible additional genetic contribution from the steppe to the formation of the Strzy(z) over dotow-associated group at the end of 3rd millennium BC. Mitochondrial patterns indicated several pairs of potentially maternally related individuals mostly in Trzciniec-associated group.
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