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- Riemer, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of feedback on temporal error monitoring and timing behavior
- 2019
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Ingår i: Behavioural Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4328 .- 1872-7549. ; 369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metacognitive processes in human timing behavior are rarely investigated, which stands in sharp contrast to the wide research field of metacognition itself. To date, little is known about the sources and the reliability of information that humans possess to judge their own timing abilities and to monitor errors in time-keeping. Here, we intended to fill this gap by determining the degree to which humans depend on external feedback to adjust their timing behavior and make metacognitive accuracy judgments. Two groups of participants performed a time reproduction task under different feedback conditions. After each trial, participants were informed either about the magnitude and the direction of their timing error (signed feedback group) or about its magnitude alone (absolute feedback group). Reproduction errors were related to retrospective, metacognitive judgments on the overall timing performance. The results indicate that the under reproduction effect occurred, rather independently of the type of feedback; however, signed feedback was essential to reduce the bias in metacognitive judgments on timing accuracy. Without being explicitly informed about the direction of timing errors (whether the reproduction interval was stopped too early or too late), participants significantly overestimated their reproduced durations. These results extend previous reports of metacognitive processes in timing behavior measured on a single-trial basis, and provide new insights into the ability of temporal error monitoring in humans.
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| 2. |
- Vieweg, Paula, et al.
(författare)
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Memory Image Completion : Establishing a task to behaviorally assess pattern completion in humans
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hippocampus. - : Wiley. - 1050-9631 .- 1098-1063. ; 29:4, s. 340-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For memory retrieval, pattern completion is a crucial process that restores memories from partial or degraded cues. Neurocognitive aging models suggest that the aged memory system is biased toward pattern completion, resulting in a behavioral preference for retrieval over encoding of memories. Here, we built on our previously developed behavioral recognition memory paradigm—the Memory Image Completion (MIC) task—a task to specifically target pattern completion. First, we used the original design with concurrent eye-tracking in order to rule out perceptual confounds that could interact with recognition performance. Second, we developed parallel versions of the task to accommodate test settings in clinical environments or longitudinal studies. The results show that older adults have a deficit in pattern completion ability with a concurrent bias toward pattern completion. Importantly, eye-tracking data during encoding could not account for age-related performance differences. At retrieval, spatial viewing patterns for both age groups were more driven by stimulus identity than by response choice, but compared to young adults, older adults' fixation patterns overlapped more between stimuli that they (wrongly) thought had the same identity. This supports the observation that older adults choose responses perceived as similar to a learned stimulus, indicating a bias toward pattern completion. Additionally, two shorter versions of the task yielded comparable results, and no general learning effects were observed for repeated testing. Together, we present evidence that the MIC is a reliable behavioral task that targets pattern completion, that is easily and repeatedly applicable, and that is made freely available online.
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