| 1. |
- Wolgast, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of patient gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status on psychiatric assessments: A vignette-based experimental study
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - 1467-9450.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo investigate whether information about the gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status of the patient affects psychiatric assessments in a sample of practicing clinicians in Swedish adult psychiatry.MethodThe study used an experimental design in which vignettes describing patients were identical except for information regarding their gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The outcome variables included assessments of the severity of the patient's clinical condition, how dangerous the patient was to themselves and others, the likelihood of reporting to social services (due to concern for the welfare of children), and whether the patient was recommended psychotherapy or psychopharmaceutical treatment.ResultsA series of ANOVAs were performed to investigate main and interaction effects of the studied variables. The performed analyses identified several instances in which the clinicians' assessments varied as a function of the social categories under investigation. For example, male patients and “Arab Swedish” patients were perceived as more dangerous, “Arab Swedish” patients, male patients, and patients with low socioeconomic status were less likely to be recommended psychotherapy, and “Arab Swedish” patients were more likely to be reported to social services. The effect sizes were generally small.ConclusionsThe study provides support for the suggestion that information regarding patient gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status affects central aspects of psychiatric assessments. The results are interpreted and discussed in relation to other studies on the influence of social stereotypes on psychiatric assessments and the practice of clinical psychiatric assessments.
|
|
| 2. |
- Wolgast, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of Reduced and Altered Use of Social Networking Sites— A Randomized Controlled Study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. - 0736-7236. ; 42:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the effects of changes in both quantity and quality of use of social networking sites (SNS) on measures of anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, loneliness, problematic social media use, and present focused awareness. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to three different conditions: reducing SNS time to 30 minutes per day, using SNS passively; and a control condition. Results: The results indicated that both reduced and altered SNS use had significant positive effects on present focused awareness and reductions in problematic social media use. In addition, reduced SNS use led to reductions in symptoms of stress and depression, as well as increases in self-esteem. Discussion: The study provides experimental support for the hypothesis that reduced use of social networking sites leads to positive effects on measures of psychological well-being in young adults.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Wolgast, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Status, pride, and educational motivation : Understanding differences in attitudes to education from the perspective of evolutionary emotion theory
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 74:2, s. 138-149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study suggests that the theoretical framework of evolutionary psychology, in particular theories and models relating to social status and pride, can be used to further our understanding of educational motivation. Our assumption was that the desire for social recognition and high status is a universal human phenomenon. Based on this, we suggested that differences in educational motivation among high school students would be related to differences in the extent to which one sees academic achievements as a viable path to social status and source of pride. The present study examined this topic using a cross-sectional design in a sample of high school students. In general, the results provided support for the hypothesis that status and pride are reliably related to educational motivation in high school students, and that the theoretical framework employed could be used to understand differences in educational motivation related to both gender and level of parental education.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Wolgast, Sima, et al.
(författare)
-
Biopsykosocial modell för spelmissbruk
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- WELOGS, Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Studies, är ett långsiktigt forskningsprogram om spel och hälsa i Sverige. Det övergripande syftet är att få kunskap som kan bidra till att utveckla effektiva metoder för förebyggande insatser. Legitimerade psykologerna Sima Ajdahi och Martin Wolgast har i denna litteraturstudie gjort en mycket omfattande granskning av forskning om spelberoende i syfte att hitta beröringspunkter mellan olika discipliner och perspektiv. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i en biopsykosocial modell förspelmissbruk som har utvecklats av professor emeritus Sten Rönnberg.Författarna vill med denna litteraturstudie göra Rönnbergs modell mer konkret och användbar genom att redovisa vilka samband som finns mellan modellens olika faktorer och hur dessa samband ser ut. Deras slutsats är att en empiriskt välunderbyggd biopsykosocial modell mycket väl kan användas för att analysera problemen på såväl gruppoch samhällsnivå som på individnivå. Modellen visar sig också användbar för att förklara spelberoende och vägleda vid förebyggande åtgärder eller direkta behandlingsinsatser. En viktig fördel med modellen är att den ger förståelse för hur ett problembeteende utvecklas, vidmakthålls och förändras. Modellen bygger på åtta faktorer som ska beaktas för att förstå problembeteendet och kunna förändra det. Dessa faktorer är: Potentierande variabler (genetik, familjebakgrund, socioekonomisk status, kön och personlighetsdrag), antecedenter (det som aktualiserar och föregår beteendet), kognitiva faktorer (föreställningar och tankar som påverkar beteendet), alternativa beteenden (många alternativ att hantera ett visst problem), kapacitet(förmågan att bryta med ett problembeteende), konsekvenser (vilka onsekvenser olika typer av beteenden har fått i liknande situationer tidigare), identitet (summan av individens beteenden, åsikter och känslor), andlighet och värderingar (livsåskådningsperspektiv som vägleder individen). Resultatet av denna studie visar dock att de två faktorerna ”identitet” och ”andlighet och värderingar” skulle behöva undersökas mer för att kunna fastställa deras användbarhet. Som forskningsläget ser ut idag saknas det stöd för att innefatta dessa faktorer i en empiriskt förankrad biopsykosocial modell för spelmissbruk.Litteraturstudien innehåller en sammanställning av relevant forskning på de olikaområdena i Rönnbergs modell samt en diskussion kring slutsatserna av litteraturstudien, modellens användbarhet och behovet av fortsatt forskning. Författarna redogör även för fenomenet spelmissbruk och för Rönnbergs biopsykosociala modell som genom denna studie har visat sig mycket användbar för att klassificera olika undersökningar och deras resultat.
|
|
| 8. |
- Wolgast, Sima Nurali, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric Properties of the Swedish Version of the Compassion Scale
-
Ingår i: Mindfulness. - 1868-8527.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: An increased interest in the phenomenon and process of compassion, in both clinical and non-clinical psychological research, has been seen in recent decades. In these contexts, compassion is frequently understood as a felt response to the suffering of others that involves caring and seeing the universal nature of human suffering, as well as an authentic desire to ease the distress. Based on the above, the purpose of the study was to validate a Swedish translation of the Compassion Scale. Method: The manuscript reports on the analyses of the factor structure, reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity of the developed scale using data from two samples (n = 1712 and n = 353) of Swedish adults, using confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analyses. Results: The results show that the translated scale had the same factor structure as the original scale, with four distinct but related factors relating to the aspects of “Kindness”, “Common humanity”, “Mindfulness”, and “Indifference”. In addition, the results indicate that the developed measure provided reliable scores, both for the entire scale and for the different subscales. In addition, the performed analyses indicate that the Swedish version of the Compassion Scale generally showed the expected relationship to related measures of personality and individual differences in empathic responding. Finally, the results supported the predictions that women would generally score higher than men on the Compassion Scale, and that compassion would have negative correlations with both age and average monthly income. Conclusions: In conclusion, the performed studies provide support for the adequacy of the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Compassion Scale, as well as for its congruent and discriminative validity.
|
|
| 9. |
- Björklund, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Company norms affect which traits are preferred in job candidates and may cause employment discrimination
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and applied. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1940-1019. ; 146:6, s. 579-594
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated a possible mechanism behind employment discrimination. Participants completed a recruitment task where emphasis on cohesion (employees should “fit in”) vs. fairness (everybody should be treated equally) was manipulated by describing the norms of a fictitious company differently. There was a comparatively stronger preference in the cohesion condition for traits and interview questions related to social competence (e.g. friendliness, gregariousness, empathy). Furthermore, participants in the cohesion condition primarily pictured socially competent employees, whereas those in the fairness condition primarily pictured employees possessing productivity-related characteristics (e.g. education, experience and talent). The norm effect was moderated by participants’ awareness of the applicants’ ethnicity. When expecting applicants with foreign backgrounds, participants in the cohesion condition showed increased preference for selection methods related to social competence. Implications for recruitment practices are discussed.
|
|
| 10. |
- Levinsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Violations and Abusive Events as Experienced by Staff Within Adult Psychiatric Care: A National Cross-Sectional Survey
-
Ingår i: Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry. - 1938-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrevious research has emphasized the high prevalence and far-reaching consequences of violations of ethical principles in patient care.AimTo study the extent of violations perceived by healthcare professionals in Swedish adult psychiatric care.MethodsOnline survey among 2,538 mental health professionals. A revised version of Transgressions of Ethical Principles in Health Care Questionnaire was used.ResultsEvents that could be perceived as abusive occur to a large extent. Respondents reported 96% observation and 84% self-involvement in at least one abusive event during the past 12 months and were considered unethical by 43% upon observation and by 34% upon self-involvement. Respondents who work in inpatient care report both more observations and more of their own involvement in abusive events compared to outpatient care.ConclusionsThe findings indicate the importance of actively working with and preventing violations and abusive events, and could motivate healthcare professionals to talk about alternative ways of acting in certain situations.
|
|
