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- Chaiyabutr, Chayada, et al.
(författare)
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Ultraviolet filters in sunscreens and cosmetic products—A market survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 85:1, s. 58-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: As several reports have raised a variety of environmental, health, and safety issues related to ultraviolet (UV) filters, it is crucial to understand the trends in the exposure of the population to UV filters. Objective: To determine the frequency of UV filter usage in sunscreens and other cosmetic products in Thai market. Methods: We surveyed the UV filter labelling on sunscreens and cosmetic products sold in the Thai market. In all, 312 sunscreens and 1350 other cosmetic products were investigated. Results: Titanium dioxide was the most frequently used UV filter in both sunscreens (66.7%) and other cosmetic products (68.4%). Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate was the most common organic UVB filter, whereas butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane was the most common organic UVA filter. In sunscreens aimed at children, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine was the most commonly used UV filter. The most frequent co-occurrence of UV filters was titanium dioxide and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate. Conclusions: Titanium dioxide was the most commonly used UV filter, which differs from the findings of previous surveys. Knowing the availability and frequency of each UV filter provides valuable information about consumer exposure levels, facilitates refinements of the allergen series in patch testing, and enhances the monitoring of adverse effects of UV filters.
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| 2. |
- Sirisuthivoranunt, Surachet, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative Study on the Duration and Efficacy of Various Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections for Reducing Masseteric Muscle Bite Force and Treating Facial Wrinkles
- 2024
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Ingår i: Dermatology and Therapy. - : Adis. - 2193-8210 .- 2190-9172. ; 14, s. 1315-1325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Botulinum toxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used for minimal invasive aesthetic treatments. Different brands of BoNT/A exhibit structural variations. The aim of this study was to compare the duration and efficacy of various BoNT/A brands available in Thailand for reducing bite force and treating wrinkles.Methods: Fifty participants were randomly assigned to one of five groups, with each group receiving a different BoNT/A brand, namely, incobotulinumtoxinA (IncoA), onabotulinumtoxinA (OnaA), abobotulinumtoxinA (AboA), letibotulinumtoxinA (LetiA), and prabotulinumtoxinA (PraboA). BoNT/A was administered to the masseter muscle and the upper face. Bite force was measured before injection and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks post-injection. Evaluation scores for wrinkle improvement were assessed after the treatment.Results: The most significant reduction in bite force occurred between 2 and 4 weeks post-injection. PraboA demonstrated the most substantial reduction in bite force, while IncoA had the least effect. However, the percentage of bite force reduction did not exhibit statistical significance between BoNT/A types. Additionally, the reduction in bite force for all BoNT/A types was reversed at 4 months post-injection. More than half of the participants experienced improvement beyond 16 weeks.Conclusions: The structural differences among BoNT/A brands did not significantly affect the longevity and efficacy of bite force reduction and wrinkle treatment.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: TCTR20211205001 (registered 4 Dec 2021).
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