| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Nordin-Remberger, Carita, et al.
(författare)
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Preferences of support and barriers and facilitators to help-seeking in pregnant women with severe fear of childbirth in Sweden : a mixed-method study
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2393. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThere are few support interventions for women with fear of childbirth tailored towards type of fears and parity. To inform the future development of an acceptable and relevant intervention for women with severe fear of childbirth, primary objectives were to examine: (1) pregnant women’s experiences of and preferences for support and (2) barriers and facilitators to help-seeking. Secondary objectives were to examine if there are any differences based on pregnant women’s parity.MethodsPregnant women with a severe fear of childbirth in Sweden completed an online cross-sectional survey between February and September 2022. Severe fear of childbirth was measured using the fear of childbirth scale. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and free answers were analysed using manifest content analysis. A contiguous approach to integration was adopted with qualitative and quantitative findings reported separately.ResultsIn total, 609 participants, 364 nulliparous and 245 parous women, had severe fear of childbirth. The main category “A twisting road to walk towards receiving support for fear of childbirth” was explored and described by the generic categories: Longing for support, Struggling to ask for support, and Facilitating aspects of seeking support. Over half (63.5%), of pregnant women without planned or ongoing treatment, wanted support for fear of childbirth. Most (60.2%) pregnant women with ongoing or completed fear of childbirth treatment regarded the treatment as less helpful or not at all helpful. If fear of childbirth treatment was not planned, 35.8% of women would have liked to have received treatment. Barriers to help seeking included stigma surrounding fear of childbirth, previous negative experiences with healthcare contacts, fear of not being believed, fear of not being listened to, and discomfort of having to face their fears. Facilitators to help seeking included receiving respectful professional support that was easily available, flexible, and close to home.ConclusionsMost pregnant women with severe fear of childbirth felt unsupported during pregnancy. Findings emphasise the need to develop individual and easily accessible psychological support for women with severe fear of childbirth, delivered by trained professionals with an empathetic and respectful attitude.
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| 4. |
- Svensson, Lars E.O., et al.
(författare)
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Indicator Variables for Optimal Policy
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The optimal weights on indicators in models with partial information about the state of the economy and forward-looking variables are derived and interpreted, both for equilibria under discretion and under commitment. An example of optimal monetary policy with a partially observable potential output and a forward-looking indicator is examined. The optimal response to the optimal estimate of potential output displays certainty-equivalence, whereas the optimal response to the imperfect observation of output depends on the noise in this observation.
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| 5. |
- Svensson, Lars E.O., et al.
(författare)
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Indicator Variables for Optimal Policy under Asymmetric Information
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The optimal weights on indicators in models with partial informatoin about the state of the economy and forward-looking variables are derived and interpreted, both for equilibria under discretion and under commitment. The private sector is assumed to have information about the state of the economy that the policymaker does not possess. Certainty-equivalence is shown to apply, in the sense that optimal policy reactions to optimally estimated states of the economy are independent of the degree of uncertainty. The usual separation principle does not hold, since the estimation of the state of the economy is not independent of optimization and is in general quite complex. We present a general characterization of optimal filtering and control in settings of this kind, and discuss an application of our methods to the problem of the optimal use of "real-time" macroeconomic data in the conduct of monetary policy.
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| 6. |
- Woodford, Joanne, et al.
(författare)
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Recruitment into a guided internet based CBT (iCBT) intervention for depression : Lesson learnt from the failure of a prevalence recruitment strategy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Contemporary Clinical Trials. - : Elsevier. - 1551-7144 .- 1559-2030. ; 32:5, s. 641-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Internet based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT) represents a significant development in the way psychological interventions are delivered. Studies tend to recruit via common media channels leading to criticisms of biased sample sizes and limited generalisability to primary care settings.Aim: To evaluate the use of a prevalence recruitment strategy within primary care to recruit into an RCT examining a free to use iCBT intervention.Methods: Fully randomised controlled trial (RCT), utilising a prevalence based recruitment strategy, comparing the iCBT intervention with telephone support provided by NHS Direct Health Advisors with treatment-as-usual (TAU) control.Results: Recruitment rates were low with only 7 participants recruited over 8 months. Overall only 14% of expected study invitations were sent, with only 1% undertaking the consent and initial screening process.Discussion: Key differences with successful prevalence recruitment strategies highlight four main issues to consider when recruiting participants from primary care into iCBT studies--lack of equipoise, a need for an assertive approach, coding of depression in GP databases and help seeking behaviour in depression which can all act as potential contributors to failure to recruit. However other non-primary care recruitment methods, such as the use of media channels, which are already shown to be effective in non-primary care settings should be considered if these methods more accurately target the population who would be willing to adopt iCBT more generally.
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| 7. |
- Woodford, Michael
(författare)
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Doing Without Money : Controlling Inflation in a Post-Monetary World
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Central banks now generally agree that conventional monetary aggregates are of little use as targets or even indicators for monetary policy, owing to the instability of money demand relations in economies with well-developed financial markets. But monetary theory has provided little guidance for the analysis of policies that are not formulated in terms of path for the money supply, and a stable money demand relation is generally assumed as a central element of a theoretical analysis. This paper, instead, shows that it is possible to analyze equilibrium inflation determination without any reference to either money supply or demand, as long as one specifies policy in terms of a "Wicksellian" interest-rate feedback rule. The paper's central result is an approximation theorem, showing the existence, for a simple monetary model, of a well-behaved "cashless limit" in which the money balances held to facilitate transactions become negligible. The relations that determine equilibrium inflation in the cashless limit also provide a useful approximate account in the case of an economy in which monetary frictions are present, but small. The approximation remains valid in the case of time variation in the monetary frictions, including variation of a kind that may result in substantial instability of money demand in percentage terms. Inflation in the cashless limit is shown to be a function of the gap between the "natural rate" of interest, detemined by the supply of goods and opportunities for intertemporal substitution, and a time-varying parameter if the interest-rate rule indicating the tightness of monetary policy. Inflation can be completely stabilized, in principle, by adjusting the policy parameter so as to track variation in the natural rate. Under such a regime, instability of money demand has little effect upon equilibrium inflation, and need not be monitored by the central bank.
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