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| 2. |
- Wulff, John, et al.
(författare)
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Flow characteristics of the Hemopump : an experimental in vitro study.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 63:1, s. 162-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Hemopump (DLP/Medtronic) has been in clinical use for about 7 years. There is still no adequate way of determining actual output from the three available pump systems in the clinical situation. If the pump is completely stopped during weaning from the device, there is a possibility of back-leakage through the pump, endangering the patient from regurgitation into the left ventricle. It can also make it more difficult to judge the recovery of heart function because of a volume load of the left ventricle. The aim of this study was to evaluate in a standardized, experimental in vitro model the output from three different-sized Hemopump catheters at various pressure levels and to quantify the back-flow through the pumps.METHODS: The Hemopump models were tested in an in vitro study regarding total outflow at various speeds at three pressure levels. The back-flow through the pumps was also measured with the pumps at a complete stop.RESULTS: The outflow from the Hemopumps ranged from 0.4 to 4.5 L/min, depending on which pump and speed were used. Variations in total output, depending on speed and various pressure settings, could be up to 0.4 L/min. Back-flow through the pump into the left ventricle may be as great as 1.6 L/min.CONCLUSIONS: The flow outputs from the different Hemopump models were reproducible over time and were closely related to the resistance of the model. The Hemopump, if not running, can induce substantial regurgitation through the pump into the left ventricle.
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| 3. |
- Arnold, MF, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial: Does atrioventricular ring motion always distinguish constriction from restriction? A Doppler myocardial imaging study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0894-7317 .- 1097-6795. ; 14:5, s. 391-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy can be difficult to differentiate on clinical examination. Cardiac ultrasonography is increasingly being used as the noninvasive method of choice for confirming the specific morphologic and hemodynamic abnormalities associated with either condition. Interrogation of atrioventricular valve plane motion by Doppler myocardial imaging (DMI) has been suggested as a valuable new approach that can help differentiate one from the other. We report the color DMI, pulsed DMI, and strain rate findings in 2 cases of constrictive pericarditis in which consideration of the annular motion pattern alone would not have allowed such differentiation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ask, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Bioacoustic techniques is applicable to primary health care
- 2001
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4. - 0780372115 ; , s. 1911-1914
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stethoscope has been used diagnostically for nearly two hundred years to assess the heart function. We can envision the intelligent stethoscope which combines the advantages of the traditional instrument with advanced functionality for analysis of the signal and other information support. The bioacoustic technique is basically simple and robust and fits therefore into a scenario where investigations are performed in a distributed health care system as in primary health care or even home health care. We have focused on detection of respiratory sounds and third heart sounds. The later is performed with a new wavelet technique which makes it possible to automatically detect and identify the sounds and possibly relate them to myocardial insufficiency.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ask, Per, et al.
(författare)
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THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL-ANALYSIS OF AORTIC COARCTATION
- 1989
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Ingår i: IMAGES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, PTS 1-6. ; , s. 103-103
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aortic coarctation, which could severely influence the haemodynamic conditions of the body, is discussed. A theory has been developed which relates the pressure drop over the coarctation to the flow. This theory indicates that the pressure drop across the actual coarctation is related to the flow squared. For the collateral flow the expected pressure drop is either linearly or quadratically related to the flow. Model experiments and patient data support the present theoretical model
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| 8. |
- Barclay, Susan A, et al.
(författare)
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The shape of the proximal isovelocity surface area varies with regurgitant orifice size and distance from orifice : computer simulation and model experiments with color M-mode technique.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. - 0894-7317 .- 1097-6795. ; 6:4, s. 433-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hemispheric proximal isovelocity surface area method for quantification of mitral regurgitant flow (i.e., Qc = 2 pi r2v), where 2 pi r2 is the surface area and v is the velocity at radius r, was investigated as distance from the orifice was increased. Computer simulations and steady flow model experiments were performed for orifices of 4, 6, and 8 mm. Flow rates derived from the centerline velocity and hemispheric assumption were compared with true flow rates. Proximal isovelocity surface area shape varied as distance from each orifice was increased and could only be approximated from the hemispheric equation when a certain distance was exceeded: > 7, > 10, and > 12 mm for the 4, 6, and 8 mm orifices, respectively. Prediction of relative error showed that the best radial zone at which to make measurements was 5 to 9, 6 to 14 and 7 to 17 mm for the 4, 6, and 8 mm orifices, respectively. Although effects of a nonhemispheric shape could be compensated for by use of a correction factor, a radius of 8 to 9 mm can be recommended without the use of a correction factor over all orifices studied if a deviation in calculated as compared with true flow of 15% is considered acceptable. These measurements therefore have implications for the technique in clinical practice.
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| 9. |
- Bech-Hansen, Odd, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of effective orifice area of prosthetic aortic valves with Doppler echocardiography : An in vivo and in vitro study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-5223 .- 1097-685X. ; 122:2, s. 287-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We sought to evaluate the Doppler assessment of effective orifice area in aortic prosthetic valves. The effective orifice area is a less flow-dependent parameter than Doppler gradients that is used to assess prosthetic valve function. However, in vivo reference values show a pronounced spread of effective orifice area and smaller orifices than expected compared with the geometric area. Methods: Using Doppler echocardiography, we studied patients who received a bileaflet St Jude Medical valve (n = 75, St Jude Medical, Inc, St Paul, Minn) or a tilting disc Omnicarbon valve (n = 46, Medical CV, Incorporated, Inver Grove Heights, Minn). The prosthetic valves were also investigated in vitro in a steady flow model with Doppler and catheter measurements in the different orifices. The effective orifice area was calculated according to the continuity equation. Results: In vivo, there was a wide distribution with the coefficient of variation (SD/mean ╫ 100%) for different valve sizes ranging from 21% to 39% in the St Jude Medical valve and from 25% to 33% in the Omnicarbon valve. The differences between geometric orifice area and effective orifice area in vitro were 1.26 ▒ 0.41 cm2 for St Jude Medical and 1.17 ▒ 0.38 cm2 for Omnicarbon valves. The overall effective orifice areas and peak catheter gradients were similar: 1.35 ▒ 0.37 cm2 and 25.9 ▒ 16.1 mm Hg for St Jude Medical and 1.46 ▒ 0.49 cm2 and 24.6 ▒ 17.7 mm Hg for Omnicarbon. However, in St Jude Medical valves, more pressure was recovered downstream, 11.6 ▒ 6.3 mm Hg versus 3.4 ▒ 1.6 mm Hg in Omnicarbon valves (P = .0001). Conclusions: In the patients, we found a pronounced spread of effective orifice areas, which can be explained by measurement errors or true biologic variations. The in vitro effective orifice area was small compared with the geometric orifice area, and we suspect that nonuniformity in the spatial velocity profile causes underestimation. The St Jude Medical and Omnicarbon valves showed similar peak catheter gradients and effective orifice areas in vitro, but more pressure was recovered in the St Jude Medical valve. The effective orifice area can therefore be misleading in the assessment of prosthetic valve performance when bileaflet and tilting disc valves are compared.
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| 10. |
- Bech-Hanssen, O, et al.
(författare)
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Aortic prosthetic valve design and size : Relation to Doppler echocardiographic findings and pressure recovery - An in vitro study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. - 0894-7317 .- 1097-6795. ; 13:1, s. 39-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent to which Doppler echocardiography information can be used in the assessment of prosthesis hemodynamic performance is still controversial. The goals of our study were to assess the importance of valve design and size both on Doppler echocardiography findings and on pressure recovery in a fluid mechanics model. We performed Doppler and catheter measurements in the different orifices of the bileaflet St Jude (central and side orifices), the monoleaflet Omnicarbon (major and minor orifices), and the stented Biocor porcine prosthesis. Net pressure gradients were predicted from Doppler flow velocities, assuming either independence or dependence of valve size. The peak Doppler estimated gradients (mean +/- SD for sizes 21 to 27) were 21 +/- 10.3 rum Hg for St Jude, 18 +/- 9.3 mm Hg for Omnicarbon, and 37 +/- 14.5 mm Hg for Biocor (P <.05 for St Jude and Omnicarbon vs Biocor). The pressure recovery (proportion of peak catheter pressure) was 53% +/- 8.6% for central-St Jude, 29% +/- 8.9% for side-St Jude, 20% +/- 5.6% for major-Omnicarbon, 23% +/- 7.4% for minor-Omnicarbon, and 18% +/- 3.6% for Biocor (P <.05 for central-St Jude and side-St Jude vs Omnicarbon and Biocor). Valve sizes (2) significantly influenced pressure recovery (y in percentage) (central-St Jude: y = 3.7x - 35.9, r = 0.88, P =.0001, major-Omnicarbon: y = 2.1x - 30.3, r = 0.85, P =.0001). By assuming dependence of valve size, Doppler was able to predict net pressure gradients in St Jude with a mean difference between net catheter and Doppler-predicted gradient of - 3.8 +/- 2.5 mm Hg. In conclusion, prosthetic value design and size influence the degree of pressure recovery, making Doppler gradients potentially misleading in both the assessment of hemodynamic performance and the comparison of one design with another. The preliminary results indicate that net gradient can be predicted from Doppler gradients,
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