| 1. |
- Schalk, Oliver, et al.
(author)
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Internal Conversion versus Intersystem Crossing : What Drives the Gas Phase Dynamics of Cyclic alpha,beta-Enones?
- 2014
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 118:12, s. 2279-2287
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the competition between intersystem crossing (ISC) and internal conversion (IC) as nonradiative relaxation pathways in cyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated enones following excitation to their lowest lying (1)pi pi* state, by means of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio computation. Upon excitation, the (1)pi pi* state of 2-cyclopentenone decays to the lowest lying (1)pi pi* state within 120 +/- 20 fs. Within 1.2 +/- 0.2 ps, the molecule subsequently decays to the triplet manifold and the singlet ground state, with quantum yields of 0.35 and 0.65, respectively. The corresponding dynamics in modified derivatives, obtained by selective methylation, show a decrease in both IC and ISC rates, with the quantum yields of ISC varying between 0.35 and 0.08. The rapid rates of ISC are explained by a large spin orbit coupling of 45-60 cm(-1) over an extended region of near degeneracy between the singlet and triplet state. Furthermore, the rate of IC is depressed by the existence of a well-defined minimum on the (1)n pi* potential energy surface. The nonadiabatic pathways evinced by the present results highlight the fact that these molecular systems conceptually represent "intermediate cases" between ultrafast dynamics mediated by vibrational motions at conical intersections versus those by statistical decay mechanisms.
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| 2. |
- Sekikawa, Taro, et al.
(author)
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Initial Processes of Proton Transfer in Salicylideneaniline Studied by Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- 2013
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 117:14, s. 2971-2979
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in salicylideneaniline (SA) and selected derivatives substituted in the para position of the anilino group have been investigated by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). SA has a twisted structure at the energetic minimum of the ground state, but ESIPT is assumed to take place through a planar structure, although this has not been fully established. The TRPES studies revealed that the excited-state dynamics within the S-1 band varied significantly with excitation wavelength. At finite temperatures, the ground state was found to sample a broad range of torsional angles, from planar to twisted. At lower photon energies (370 nm), only the planar ground-state molecules were excited, and the excited-state reaction took place within 50 fs. At higher energies (350 and 330 nm), predominantly twisted ground-state molecules were excited: they had to planarize before ESIPT could occur. This process was found to be slower in methylated SA but did not change significantly in the brominated and nitrated SAs. These substitution effects on the decay dynamics can be explained by modifications of the potential barriers, as predicted by the TDDFT calculations, and support the mechanism of a twisting motion of the anilino ring prior to ESIPT. The contribution of another pathway leading to internal conversion within the enol form was found to be minor at the excitation wavelengths considered here.
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| 3. |
- Wu, Guorong, et al.
(author)
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Excited state non-adiabatic dynamics of N-methylpyrrole : A time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum dynamics study
- 2016
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In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 144:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dynamics of N-methylpyrrole following excitation at wavelengths in the range 241.5-217.0 nm were studied using a combination of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES), ab initio quantum dynamics calculations using the multi-layer multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree method, as well as high-level photoionization cross section calculations. Excitation at 241.5 and 236.2 nm results in population of the A(2)(pi sigma*) state, in agreement with previous studies. Excitation at 217.0 nm prepares the previously neglected B-1(pi 3p(y)) Rydberg state, followed by prompt internal conversion to the A(2)(pi sigma*) state. In contrast with the photoinduced dynamics of pyrrole, the lifetime of the wavepacket in the A(2)(pi sigma*) state was found to vary with excitation wavelength, decreasing by one order of magnitude upon tuning from 241.5 nm to 236.2 nm and by more than three orders of magnitude when excited at 217.0 nm. The order of magnitude difference in lifetimes measured at the longer excitation wavelengths is attributed to vibrational excitation in the A(2)(pi sigma*) state, facilitating wavepacket motion around the potential barrier in the N-CH3 dissociation coordinate.
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| 4. |
- Wu, Guorong, et al.
(author)
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Excited state non-adiabatic dynamics of pyrrole : A time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum dynamics study
- 2015
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In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 142:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dynamics of pyrrole excited at wavelengths in the range 242-217 nm are studied using a combination of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and wavepacket propagations performed using the multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree method. Excitation close to the origin of pyrrole's electronic spectrum, at 242 and 236 nm, is found to result in an ultrafast decay of the system from the ionization window on a single timescale of less than 20 fs. This behaviour is explained fully by assuming the system to be excited to the A(2)(pi sigma*) state, in accord with previous experimental and theoretical studies. Excitation at shorter wavelengths has previously been assumed to result predominantly in population of the bright A(1)(pi pi*) and B-2(pi pi*) states. We here present time-resolved photoelectron spectra at a pump wavelength of 217 nm alongside detailed quantum dynamics calculations that, together with a recent reinterpretation of pyrrole's electronic spectrum [S. P. Neville and G. A. Worth, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 034317 (2014)], suggest that population of the B-1(pi sigma*) state (hitherto assumed to be optically dark) may occur directly when pyrrole is excited at energies in the near UV part of its electronic spectrum. The B-1(pi sigma*) state is found to decay on a timescale of less than 20 fs by both N-H dissociation and internal conversion to the A(2)(pi sigma*) state.
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| 5. |
- Wu, Yuan, et al.
(author)
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In situ constructed Ag/C conductive network enhancing the C-rate performance of Si based anode
- 2018
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In: Journal of Energy Storage. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2352-152X .- 2352-1538. ; 17, s. 102-108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Poor intrinsic electrical conductivity as well as considerable volume change during lithium alloying/dealloying process has been a critical defect for high theoretical capacity silicon-based anodes. In our work, we demonstrate the synthesis design of multiscale recombined dendritic Si/Ag/C anode for high energy density LIBs via compositing bulky silicon with uniformly distributed Ag NPs, followed by a carbon source PDA (polydopamine) coating step. Here Ag NPs are generated by an in situ redox reaction between Ag+ and PDA, no need for additional reducing agents. According to the characterization analysis, the robust porous Si/Ag/C structure can provide channels for fast Li+ diffusion and electron conduction, promoting the formation of a thinner and more stable SEI film. As a result, the Si/Ag/C composite anode still yields a relatively high residual capacity of 1422.1 mAh g (1) after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g (1). In addition, it remains 633.1 mAh g (1) after 500 cycles at a high current density of 8 A g (1).
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