| 1. |
- Liu, Yiying, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity of Aquatic Pseudomonas Species and Their Activity against the Fish Pathogenic Oomycete Saprolegnia
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging fungal and oomycete pathogens are increasingly threatening animals and plants globally. Amongst oomycetes, Saprolegnia species adversely affect wild and cultivated populations of amphibians and fish, leading to substantial reductions in biodiversity and food productivity. With the ban of several chemical control measures, new sustainable methods are needed to mitigate Saprolegnia infections in aquaculture. Here, PhyloChip-based community analyses showed that the Pseudomonadales, particularly Pseudomonas species, represent one of the largest bacterial orders associated with salmon eggs from a commercial hatchery. Among the Pseudomonas species isolated from salmon eggs, significantly more biosurfactant producers were retrieved from healthy salmon eggs than from Saprolegnia-infected eggs. Subsequent in vivo activity bioassays showed that Pseudomonas isolate H6 significantly reduced salmon egg mortality caused by Saprolegnia diclina. Live colony mass spectrometry showed that strain H6 produces a viscosin-like lipopeptide surfactant. This biosurfactant inhibited growth of Saprolegnia in vitro, but no significant protection of salmon eggs against Saprolegniosis was observed. These results indicate that live inocula of aquatic Pseudomonas strains, instead of their bioactive compound, can provide new (micro) biological and sustainable means to mitigate oomycete diseases in aquaculture.
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| 2. |
- Lyckvi, Sus, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Eagons, Exoskeletons and Ecologies: On Expressing and Embodying Fictions as Workshop Tasks
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 754-770
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design fictions can be a useful tool for ideation and for stimulating discussion on the social and ethical implications of future technologies. However, the process of using them can be lengthy, including steps like data collection, ideation, writing fictions, and finally using them in design workshops. In this paper, we present a process of creating design fictions and then using them together with related tasks in a co-design workshop in a business-to-business context. We used speculative fictions and value fictions to support our participants to envision future product ecologies and technological solutions related to supply chains. In this, we were also addressing the societal consequences of those future solutions. As a result, the fictions helped us to collect real-life project insights beyond the speculative scenarios.
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| 3. |
- Lyckvi, Sus, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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The role of design fiction in participatory design processes
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 976-979
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participatory design is in essence very malleable as any design technique could lend itself to it, as long as users and stakeholders are involved. Design fictions however, have more often been used as either a vehicle for critical designs, or as a sheer design tool, created by designers for designers as a means to drive ideation. In the 2010s however, the HCI community has opened up for using design fictions in conjunction with participatory methods and in parallel, researchers have started to explore the practices of creating and using fictions more thoroughly. In response to this, this workshop aims to explore if, how, and when in the design process participatory design practices and design fictions can be combined. We aim to create a first overview of the combined Participatory Design / Design Fiction process, including a set of practical examples. In this we invite not only interaction design researchers and practitioners, but also participants from related fields such as creative writers and artists in general.
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| 4. |
- Wu, Yiying, et al.
(författare)
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‘What is fair shipping, anyway?’ Using design fiction to raise ethical awareness in an industrial context
- 2019
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Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). The HCI community cares for the human and social aspects of technologies. Ethical discussion on the social implications of new technologies often happen among researchers, but it is important to raise this discussion also in the industry that designs and implements new systems. In this paper, we introduce a case in which design fiction was used as an ethical discussion tool among company partners. We report the process of creating and prototyping a fictional world embedded with conflicting values that aimed to shift the focus from industrial merits towards societal values and raise discussion among participants. Moreover, we examine the challenges and propose suggestions in crafting critiques and friction to the industrial context. Our findings suggest why and how one should use design fiction as a means to raise ethical awareness in a technology- and profit-focused context, to support further activities on developing more humane technological futures.
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| 5. |
- Xu, Bo, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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An Indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-Based Organic Dye for Solid-State p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 12:14, s. 3243-3248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) unit is used as a linker moiety to design a new p-type dye-TIP-for solid-state p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. Solar cells based on the TIP dye offered an efficiency of 0.18 % with an open-circuit photovoltage of 550 mV and a short-circuit photocurrent density of 0.86 mA cm(-2), which is better than those of two reference dyes, PB6 and BH4. Charge lifetime experiments reveal that the IDTT linker-based TIP dye significantly suppresses charge recombination losses in the devices.
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| 6. |
- Yaghootkar, Hanieh, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Studies of Leptin Concentrations Implicate Leptin in the Regulation of Early Adiposity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 69:12, s. 2806-2818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin influences food intake by informing the brain about the status of body fat stores. Rare LEP mutations associated with congenital leptin deficiency cause severe early-onset obesity that can be mitigated by administering leptin. However, the role of genetic regulation of leptin in polygenic obesity remains poorly understood. We performed an exome-based analysis in up to 57,232 individuals of diverse ancestries to identify genetic variants that influence adiposity-adjusted leptin concentrations. We identify five novel variants, including four missense variants, in LEP, ZNF800, KLHL31, and ACTL9, and one intergenic variant near KLF14. The missense variant Val94Met (rs17151919) in LEP was common in individuals of African ancestry only, and its association with lower leptin concentrations was specific to this ancestry (P = 2 × 10-16, n = 3,901). Using in vitro analyses, we show that the Met94 allele decreases leptin secretion. We also show that the Met94 allele is associated with higher BMI in young African-ancestry children but not in adults, suggesting that leptin regulates early adiposity.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Lei, 1986-
(författare)
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Exploring Electron Transfer Dynamics of Novel Dye Sensitized Photocathodes : Towards Solar Cells and Solar Fuels
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The design of dyes for NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has drawn attention owing to their potential applications in photocatalysis and because they are indispensable for the development of tandem dye-sensitized solar cells. The understanding of the electron transfer mechanisms and dynamics is beneficial to guide further dye design and further improve the performance of photocathode in solar cells and solar fuel devices.Time-resolved spectroscopy techniques, especially femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, supply sufficient resolution to get insights into the charge transfer processes in p-type dye sensitized solar cell and solar fuel devices. In paper I-V, several kinds of novel organic “push-pull” and inorganic charge transfer dyes for sensitization of p-type NiO, were systematically investigated by time-resolved spectroscopy, and photo-induced charge transfer dynamics of the organic/inorganic dyes were summarized. The excited state and reduced state intermediates were investigated in solution phase as references to confirm the charge injection and recombination on the NiO surface. The charge recombination kinetics is remarkably heterogeneous in some cases occurring on time scales spanning at least six orders of magnitude even for the same dye.In this thesis, we also proposed a novel concept of solid state p-type dye sensitized solar cells (p-ssDSSCs) for the first time (paper VI), using an organic dye P1 as sensitizer on mesoporous NiO and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron conductor. Femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy gave evidence for sub-ps hole injection from excited P1 to NiO, followed by electron transfer from P1●- to PCBM. The p-ssDSSCs device showed an impressive 620 mV open circuit photovoltage.Chapter 6 (paper VII) covers the study of electron transfer mechanisms in a covalently linked dye-catalyst (PB-2) sensitized NiO photocathode, towards hydrogen producing solar fuel devices. Hole injection from excited dye (PB-2*) into NiO VB takes place on dual time scales, and the reduced PB-2 (PB-2●-) formed then donates an electron to the catalyst unit. The subsequent regeneration efficiency of PB-2 by the catalyst unit (the efficiency of catalyst reduction) is determined to ca. 70%.
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