| 1. |
- Buss, Wolfram, et al.
(författare)
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Synergies between BECCS and Biochar-Maximizing Carbon Sequestration Potential by Recycling Wood Ash
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 7:4, s. 4204-4209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and biochar are key carbon-negative technologies. In this study, synergies between these technologies were explored by using ash from wood combustion, a byproduct from BECCS, as an additive (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 wt %) in biochar production (wood pyrolysis at 450 degrees C). The addition of wood ash catalyzed biochar formation and increased the yield of fixed carbon (FC) (per dry, ash-free feedstock), i.e., the sequestrable carbon per spruce wood input. At the highest ash addition (50%), 45% less wood was needed to yield the same amount of FC. Since the land area available for growing biomass is becoming scarcer, our approach significantly increases biochar's potential to sequester carbon. However, increasing the feedstock ash content results in less feedstock carbon available for conversion into FC. Consequently, the yield of FC per pyrolysis run (based on dry feedstock) in the 50% ash-amended material was lower than in the control. An economic analysis showed that the 20% ash-amended biochar brings the biggest cost savings over the control with a 15% decrease in CO2-abatement costs. Biochar-ash composites increase the carbon sequestration potential of biochar significantly, reduce the CO2-abatement costs, and recycle nutrients which can result in increased plant growth in turn and more biomass for BECCS, bringing synergies for BECCS and biochar deployment.
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| 2. |
- Kozyatnyk, Ivan, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of contaminants of emerging concern from multicomponent systems using carbon dioxide activated biochar from lignocellulosic feedstocks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adsorption of six contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) – caffeine, chloramphenicol, carbamazepine, bisphenol A, diclofenac, and triclosan – from a multicomponent solution was studied using activated biochars obtained from three lignocellulosic feedstocks: wheat straw, softwood, and peach stones. Structural parameters related to the porosity and ash content of activated biochar and the hydrophobic properties of the CECs were found to influence the adsorption efficiency. For straw and softwood biochar, activation resulted in a more developed mesoporosity, whereas activation of peach stone biochar increased only the microporosity. The most hydrophilic CECs studied, caffeine and chloramphenicol, displayed the highest adsorption (22.8 and 11.3 mg g−1) onto activated wheat straw biochar which had the highest ash content of the studied adsorbents (20 wt%). Adsorption of bisphenol A and triclosan, both relatively hydrophobic substances, was highest (31.6 and 30.2 mg g−1) onto activated biochar from softwood, which displayed a well-developed mesoporosity and low ash content.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Smolle, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Recent trends in burn epidemiology worldwide : A systematic review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 43:2, s. 249-257
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burns have been more prevalent among low socioeconomic populations and in less developed regions. Incredible advances in burn care and social development over the recent decades, however, should have placed the incidence and severity of burns in a downwards trend. The aim of this review was to give an overview on current trends in burn epidemiology across the world. Also the socioeconomic development in countries that have published epidemiological data used in this study has been taken into account when comparing the results. There was a worldwide downwards trend of burn incidence, burn severity, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate. These findings were particularly pronounced in very highly developed countries. Data from highly and medium developed countries were more heterogeneous. No studies could be obtained from low and middle income countries. Comparisons between the different studies were compromised by the fact that studies emerged from specialized facilities on one hand and general hospitals on the other. Analyzed studies were also frequently focusing on limited patient populations such as "children" or "elderly". Our findings indicate the need for an international burn database with a minimal data-set in order to obtain objective and comparable results in respect of burn epidemiology.
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| 5. |
- Wurzer, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrothermal recycling of carbon absorbents loaded with emerging wastewater contaminants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adsorption using carbon materials is one of the most efficient techniques for removal of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals from wastewater. However, high costs are a major hurdle for their large-scale application in areas currently under economic constraints. While most research focuses on decreasing the adsorbent price by increasing its capacity, treatment costs for exhausted adsorbents and their respective end-of-life scenarios are often neglected. Here, we assessed a novel technique for recycling of exhausted activated biochars based on hydrothermal treatment at temperatures of 160–320 °C. While a treatment temperature of 280 °C was sufficient to fully degrade all 10 evaluated pharmaceuticals in solution, when adsorbed on activated biochars certain compounds were shielded and could not be fully decomposed even at the highest treatment temperature tested. However, the use of engineered biochar doped with Fe-species successfully increased the treatment efficiency, resulting in full degradation of all 10 parent compounds at 320 °C. The proposed recycling technique showed a high carbon retention in biochar with only minor losses, making the treatment a viable candidate for environmentally sound recycling of biochars. Recycled biochars displayed potentially beneficial structural changes ranging from an increased mesoporosity to additional oxygen bearing functional groups, providing synergies for subsequent applications as part of a sequential biochar system.
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