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- Bergqvist-Norén, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns and correlates of objectively measured physical activity in 3-year-old children
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431 .- 1471-2431. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To increase the knowledge about physical activity (PA) patterns and correlates among children under the age of 4, there is a need for study's using objective measurements. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if objectively measured PA among 3-year-old children differed between day of week and time of day and whether it correlated to child weight status and sex as well as parental weight status and education.METHODS: Totally 61 children (51% girls) aged 3, participating in Early Stockholm Obesity Prevention Project were included. PA was measured with a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) worn on the non-dominant wrist for one week. The main outcome was average PA expressed as counts per minute from the vector magnitude. PA and demographics/family-related factors were collected at baseline and at age 3. To analyze the results simple linear regression, ANOVA and paired t-tests were performed.RESULTS: The mean number of valid days was 6.7 per child. The children were more active on weekdays than weekends (p < 0.01) and the hourly pattern differed over the day with children being most active midmorning and midafternoon (p = 0.0001). Children to parents with low education were more active (p = 0.01) than those with highly educated parents. No differences in PA by child weight status, sex nor parental weight status were found.CONCLUSIONS: PA in 3-year-old children was lower during weekends than weekdays and varied over the day. Boys and girls had similar PA patterns, these patterns were independent of child or parental weight status. Children to parents with low education were more active than their counterparts. The fact that PA differed between weekdays and weekends indicates that PA might be affectable in 3-year-old children.
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| 2. |
- Ekstedt, Mirjam, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep differences in one-year-old children were related to obesity risks based on their parents' weight according to baseline longitudinal study data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 106:2, s. 304-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Parental obesity is the predominant risk factor for child obesity. We compared sleep in one-year-old children with different obesity risks, based on parental weight, and explored associations with weight, parental sleep and family factors.METHODS: Baseline data from 167 families participating in a longitudinal obesity prevention programme was used. Sleep patterns were compared between groups with high and low obesity risks, based on parental weight, and associations between child sleep and weight status, family obesity risk and parental sleep were explored. Sleep was assessed using child sleep diaries and standard parental questionnaires.RESULTS: Later bedtime, longer sleep onset latency and lower sleep efficiency were observed among children in the high-risk group. Child sleep onset latency was associated with the family obesity risk (β = 0.25, p = 0.001), child bedtime with both maternal (β = 0.33, p < 0.01) and paternal bedtime (β = 0.22, p < 0.05) and child sleep efficiency with maternal sleep quality (β = 0.20, p < 0.01). The child's bedtime was weakly associated with their body mass index (β = 0.17, p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Sleep differed between one-year-old children with high or low obesity risks, based on their parents' body mass index, and was associated with the family obesity risk and parental sleep. The child's bedtime was weakly associated with their weight status.
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| 3. |
- Xiu, Lijuan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of sleep patterns in children with obese and normal-weight parents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 55:7, s. 809-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo study the sleep development and sleep characteristics in children at different obesity risks, based on parental weight, and also to explore their weekday–weekend sleep variations and associated family factors.MethodsA total of 145 children participating in a longitudinal obesity prevention project were included, of which 37 had normal‐weight parents (low obesity risk), and 108 had overweight/obese parents (high obesity risk). Sleep diaries at ages 1 and 2 years were used to study sleep development in children at different obesity risks. Objectively assessed sleep using an accelerometer at 2 years of age was used to analyse weekday–weekend sleep variations.ResultsThere was no difference in sleep development from age 1 to age 2 among children at different obesity risks, but more children in the high‐risk group had prolonged sleep onset latency and low sleep efficiency. At 2 years of age, children in the high‐risk group had more weekday–weekend variation in sleep offset (mean difference 18 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4–33 min), midpoint of sleep (mean difference 14 min, 95% CI 3–25 min) and nap onset (mean difference 42 min, 95% CI 10–74 min) than children in the low‐risk group, after adjusting for other family factors. However, no difference could be detected between groups in weekday–weekend variation in sleep duration.ConclusionsUnfavourable sleep characteristics, as well as more variation in sleep schedules, have been observed in children at high obesity risk. While the differences were relatively small, they may reflect the unfavourable sleep hygiene in families at high obesity risk.
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| 4. |
- Xiu, Lijuan, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep and adiposity in children from 2 to 6 years of age
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics. - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 145:3, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare sleep in young children at different obesity risks, which were based on parental weight, as well as to explore the longitudinal associations of sleep characteristics with adiposity.METHODS: In total, 107 children from an obesity prevention project were included, of which 43 had normal-weight parents (low obesity risk) and 64 had overweight and/or obese parents (high obesity risk). Sleep was measured yearly from ages 2 to 6 years by using actigraphy. Five sleep characteristics, that of late sleep, long sleep latency, short sleep duration, low sleep efficiency, and irregular sleep onset, were defined and scored across ages, with a higher score indicating more frequent exposure. The outcome variables, also measured yearly, were BMI z score and waist circumference.RESULTS: There was no difference in sleep patterns among children at different risks. Higher short sleep duration score was associated with a greater increase in BMI z score (0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01 to 0.25) across ages. Independently of sleep duration, higher late sleep score was associated with greater increases in BMI z score (0.16; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.27) and waist circumference (0.60 cm; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.98). Moreover, compared with children at low risk and without habitual late sleep, children at high risk and with habitual late sleep had greater increases in BMI z score (0.93; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.45) and waist circumference (3.45 cm; 95% CI 1.78 to 5.12).CONCLUSIONS: More frequent exposures to late sleep were associated with greater increases in adiposity measures from ages 2 to 6 years, particularly in children with obese parents.
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| 5. |
- Xiu, Lijuan
(författare)
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Sleep and obesity in children at different obesity risks : patterns, associations and early intervention
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Childhood obesity is a global health concern with a range of adverse outcomes. Short sleep has been consistently linked to childhood obesity. However, associations between other sleep characteristics and obesity are less studied in children. Some multi-component obesity intervention studies har started included sleep as a target. Nevertheless, whether sleep can be improved and further benefit obesity prevention are still uncertain. Moreover, parental obesity is one of the major risk factors for child obesity, which probably due to both shared genetic factors and obesity-related environment and behaviours within families. Understanding whether and how sleep is involved in the obesity transfer within families has important implications for developing better interventions. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the role of sleep in the development of obesity among children at high and low obesity risks, determined by their parental weight, as well as to assess the effect of a long-term, low-intensive, family-based multi-component intervention on both preventing obesity and promoting sleep. Materials: All studies included in this thesis are embedded in the Early Stockholm Obesity Prevention Project (Early STOPP), which was a long-term (5-year), low-intensive, family-based obesity prevention project conducted in Stockholm County. In Early STOPP, 181 children with two overweight or at least one obese parent (defined as at high obesity risk) were recruited and randomly allocated to the intervention (n=66) and control (n=115) groups. Meanwhile, a group of children (n=57) with normal-weight parents were recruited randomly as a reference group (defined as at low obesity risk). The baseline data was collected when the child was 1-year-old and an annual follow-up was conducted until the child was 6-year-old. Methods: Study I is a cross-sectional study of Early STOPP baseline data, where child and parental sleep patterns were compared between high and low obesity risk groups, respectively. In Study II, an explorative study, changes of child sleep patterns from age 1 to 2 years were compared between risk groups. Furthermore, child weekday-weekend sleep variations at age 2 years and associated family factors were explored. Study III is a longitudinal study, where the development of child sleep patterns from age 2 to 6 years were studied and the association between child sleep and obesity was explored. Study IV is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) examining the effect of a long-term, low-intensive, family-based intervention on preventing obesity in children at high obesity risk, as well as effects on secondary behaviour outcomes, including child sleep, physical activity and eating behaviour. Results: In Study I and II, some differences were observed in sleep patterns between children at different obesity risks. Compared to children at low obesity risk, children at high obesity risk had slightly longer sleep onset latency at both age 1 and 2 years, as well as greater weekday-weekend sleep variations in sleep schedules at age 2 years. Moreover, children in the high obesity risk group were more likely to experience unfavourable sleep characteristics than their peers in the low-risk group during the first two years of life, including more transient prolonged sleep onset latency and low sleep efficiency. In Study III, when child sleep was assessed using actigraphy, no difference was observed in either child sleep variables or the prevalence of unfavourable sleep characteristics from age 2 to 6 years. In Study III, from child 2 to 6 years, higher short sleep duration score was associated with a greater increase in BMI z-score (0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.25) across ages. Independent of sleep duration, higher late sleep score was associated with greater increases in both BMI z-score (0.16, 95% CI: 0.05-0.27) and waist circumference (0.60 cm, 95% CI: 0.23-0.98) across ages. Moreover, a significant combined effect was detected between late sleep and family obesity risk on child weight gain, as children at high obesity risk and having habitual late sleep had the greatest increase in both BMI z-score (0.93, 95% CI: 0.40-1.45) and waist circumference (3.45 cm, 95% CI: 1.78-5.12) from age 2 to 6 years. In Study IV, during the follow-up period, no main intervention effect was identified on either primary outcome (BMI z-score) or other weight-related outcomes (weight and BMI) across ages. At age 6 years, there were 36 children with overweight and obesity, with 12 (23%) in the intervention group and 24 (26%) in the control group. The intervention was not significantly effective for reducing the risk of developing overweight and obesity. For the secondary outcomes, no significant intervention effect was detected in child eating behaviour, total sleep duration or average physical activity across ages. Conclusion: Frequent exposures to short sleep and late sleep were independently associated with more increases in weight measures in children from age 2 to 6 years. Although the development of sleep was similar in children at different obesity risks, determined by parental weight, a combined effect between child late sleep and high family obesity risk on more weight gain was observed. Moreover, a five-year, low-intensive, family-based, multicomponent obesity intervention was not more effective than routine health care in either promoting behaviours or preventing obesity among children with overweight and obese parents.
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