| 1. |
- Zhai, Yinghong, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders Following the Administration of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors : A Pharmacovigilance Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2392. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although several metabolic and nutritional disorders (MNDs) have been reported in the recipients of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), these events have not been fully captured and comprehensively characterized in real-world population.Objectives: To provide complete metabolic and nutritional toxicity profiles after ICIs (single and combined) initiation through an integrated big database.Methods: Reporting odds ratios (ROR) and information component (IC) based on statistical shrinkage transformation were utilized to perform disproportionality analysis using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System. Both ROR and IC were used to calculate disproportionality when compared with the whole database, but only ROR was used when comparison was made for different ICI strategies. Only when both the lower limits of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ROR (ROR025) and IC (IC025) exceeded specified threshold values (1 and 0, respectively) was regarded as a signal.Results: A total of 29,294,335 records were involved and 8,662 records were for MNDs in patients exposed to ICIs. Statistically significant association was detected between ICIs use and total MNDs (IC025/ROR025 = 1.06/2.19). For monotherapy, three ICI monotherapies (anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, and anti-CTLA-4) were all disproportionately associated with MNDs. Statistically significant differences in reporting frequencies also emerged when comparing anti-PD-1 with anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy, with RORs of 1.11 (95%CI 1.01-1.21), and 1.35 (95%CI 1.23-1.48), respectively. Notably, combination therapy was associated with a higher reporting frequency of theses toxicities compared to monotherapy with a ROR of 1.56 (95%CI 1.48-1.64). Additionally, disproportionality analysis at High-level Group Term level highlighted eight broad entities of MNDs. Further disproportionality analysis at Preferred Term level indicated a wide range and varied strength of signals. For ICI monotherapy, nivolumab and pembrolizumab showed the broadest spectrum of MNDs. For combination therapy, a variety of signals were detected for nivolumab + ipilimumab therapy even comparable to two PD-1 monotherapies.Conclusion: Metabolic and nutritional complications could be provoked by ICI monotherapy (especially anti-PD-1) and further reinforced by combination therapy. Clinicians and patients should be informed about these potential risks that might be encountered in real-world practice. Aforehand education and regular monitoring of related biochemical parameters (calcium, sodium, potassium, protein) are recommended to ensure better cancer survivorship.
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| 2. |
- Han, Guangjie, et al.
(författare)
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Localization algorithms of Wireless Sensor Networks : a survey
- 2013
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Ingår i: Telecommunications Systems. - : Springer. - 1018-4864 .- 1572-9451. ; 52:4, s. 2419-2436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), localization is one of the most important technologies since it plays a critical role in many applications, e.g., target tracking. If the users cannot obtain the accurate location information, the related applications cannot be accomplished. The main idea in most localization methods is that some deployed nodes (landmarks) with known coordinates (e.g., GPS-equipped nodes) transmit beacons with their coordinates in order to help other nodes localize themselves. In general, the main localization algorithms are classified into two categories: range-based and range-free. In this paper, we reclassify the localization algorithms with a new perspective based on the mobility state of landmarks and unknown nodes, and present a detailed analysis of the representative localization algorithms. Moreover, we compare the existing localization algorithms and analyze the future research directions for the localization algorithms in WSNs.
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| 3. |
- Lin, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Worse Outcomes After Readmission to a Different Hospital After Sepsis : A Nationwide Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0736-4679 .- 1090-1280. ; 63:4, s. 569-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In the United States, sepsis accounts for 13% of the total hospital expenses and > 50% of hospital deaths. Moreover, people with sepsis are more likely to be readmitted.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and outcomes of different hospital readmissions (DHRs) in patients with sepsis, and the factors associated with DHR.METHODS: We used data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database of the United States in 2017 to identify patients admitted for sepsis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with DHR; five models were constructed to elucidate the relationship between DHR and in-hospital outcomes.RESULTS: In 2017, 85,120 (21.97%) of all patients with sepsis readmitted within 30 days in the United States were readmitted to a different hospital. The most common reason for readmission was infection irrespective of hospital status. Compared with the patients with sepsis who were readmitted to the same hospital, DHR was associated with higher hospitalization costs ($2264; 95% CI $1755-$2772; p < 0.001), longer length of stay (0.58 days; 95% CI 0.44-0.71 days; p < 0.001), and higher risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.63; 95% CI 1.55-1.72; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: DHR occurred in one-fifth of patients with sepsis in the United States. Our findings suggest that patients readmitted to a different hospital within 30 days may experience higher in-hospital mortality, longer length of stay, and higher hospitalization costs. Future studies need to examine whether continuity of care can improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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MiR-378a suppresses tenogenic differentiation and tendon repair by targeting at TGF-β2
- 2019
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Ingår i: Stem Cell Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-6512. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tendons are a crucial component of the musculoskeletal system and responsible for transmission forces derived from muscle to bone. Patients with tendon injuries are often observed with decreased collagen production and matrix degeneration, and healing of tendon injuries remains a challenge as a result of limited understanding of tendon biology. Recent studies highlight the contribution of miR-378a on the regulation gene expression during tendon differentiation. Methods: We examined the tendon microstructure and tendon repair with using miR-378a knock-in transgenic mice, and the tendon-derived stem cells were also isolated from transgenic mice to study their tenogenic differentiation ability. Meanwhile, the expression levels of tenogenic markers were also examined in mouse tendon-derived stem cells transfected with miR-378a mimics during tenogenic differentiation. With using online prediction software and luciferase reporter assay, the binding target of miR-378a was also studied. Results: Our results indicated miR-378a impairs tenogenic differentiation and tendon repair by inhibition collagen and extracellular matrix production both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that miR-378a exert its inhibitory role during tenogenic differentiation through binding at TGFβ2 by luciferase reporter assay and western blot. Conclusions: Our investigation suggests that miR-378a could be considered as a new potential biomarker for tendon injury diagnosis or drug target for a possible therapeutic approach in future clinical practice.
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| 5. |
- Zhai, Yinghong, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Toxicity of Carfilzomib : The Real-World Evidence Based on the Adverse Event Reporting System Database of the FDA, the United States
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-055X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Carfilzomib, an effective proteasome inhibitor agent for the therapy of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, has been related to a significant number of cardiovascular events. However, patterns of cardiovascular complications associated with this agent remain poorly characterized in real-world settings.Objective: To gain further insight into the frequency, spectrum, clinical features, timing, and outcomes of carfilzomib-related cardiovascular toxicities.Methods: This disproportionality (case/non-case) study was conducted leveraging records from FAERS database from 2014 to 2019. Cardiovascular events were defined and broadly categorized eight entities using narrow version of the Standardized MedDRA Queries (SMQs). Reporting odds ratios (ROR) and information component (IC) were calculated to measure disproportionality. Additionally, statistical shrinkage was applied to reduce false-positive signals.Results: The final number of records involved was 28,479,963, with 3,370 records submitted for carfilzomib related cardiovascular events. Significant disproportionality association between carfilzomib administration and cardiovascular events was captured (IC025/ROR025 = 0.85/1.95) when exploring in the entire database. Upon further analysis, all eight broad categories of cardiovascular toxicities were disproportionately associated with carfilzomib with varying frequencies, time-to-onset, and severities. Cardiomyopathy-related complications (N = 1,301, 38.61%), embolic and thrombotic events (N = 821, 24.36%), and cardiac failure (N = 765, 22.70%) largely comprised the reported problems. Notably, the strongest signal was detected for cardiac failure (IC025/ROR025 = 1.33/2.59), followed by pulmonary hypertension (IC025/ROR025 = 1.19/2.34). Median onset time of cardiovascular events was 41days (Q1-Q3: 9-114 days), with the shortest median time being 16 days (Q1-Q3: 4-85 days) for ischemic heart disease, with the longest time being 68 days (Q1-Q3: 21-139 days) for embolic and thrombotic events. Torsade de pointes/QT prolongation was identified as a new complication (IC025/ROR025 = 0.33/1.29) and was particularly noteworthy for highest death proportion (44.11%).Conclusions: Treatment with carfilzomib can lead to severe and versatile cardiovascular events. Early and intensive monitoring is important, particularly in the first 3 months after carfilzomib initiation. Maximizing the benefit while reducing potential cardiovascular harms of carfilzomib should become a priority.
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| 6. |
- Zhai, Yinghong, et al.
(författare)
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Updated Insights on Cardiac and Vascular Risks of Proton Pump Inhibitors : A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-055X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely prescribed medications in clinical practice. However, there are also concerns about the potential risks of long-term PPI use. The present study aimed to examine the safety of PPIs and summarize their potential cardiac and vascular risks in a real-world setting.Methods: This pharmacovigilance study extracted records between January 2015 and December 2019 from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. The association of seven PPI medications with cardiac and vascular events (CVEs) were evaluated. Two established pharmacovigilance methods, reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information components (IC) based statistical shrinkage, were used to measure disproportionality.Results: In total 62,140 CVE records associated with PPI use were investigated. Women showed a higher proportion (54.37%) of PPI-associated CVEs. The median time from PPI initiation to CVE onset was 97 [interquartile range (IQR): 8-491] days, with the shortest median time of 42 days (IQR: 2-277 days) for esomeprazole, and the longest time of 389 days (IQR: 0-525 days) for dexlansoprazole. Although PPIs were not associated with elevated CVE risks compared those of the whole database (IC025/ROR025 = -0.39/0.74), various signals emerged. Despite some similarities exist between the PPIs, their cardiac and vascular safety profiles varied significantly. Pantoprazole showed the broadest spectrum of signals, from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (IC025/ROR025 = 0.01/1.08) to renal haemangioma (IC025/ROR025 = 3.14/9.58). Esomeprazole showed the second-broadest spectrum of toxicities, ranging from duodenal ulcer hemorrhage (IC025/ROR025 = 0.07/1.28) to hypertensive nephropathy (IC025/ROR025 = 4.09/18.72). Vascular signals were more dominant than cardiac signals, suggesting that vascular function was more heavily affected. Hypertensive nephropathy, renal haemangioma, renal artery stenosis, and renal infarct had strong signals across most PPI regimens and merited further attention.Conclusions: PPIs may inflict various CVEs, particularly those involving the vascular system, on the users. Given the wide range of onset times and different toxicity profiles for various PPI medications, they should be prescribed with caution.
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