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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Fang, Keyan, et al.
(författare)
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An interdecadal climate dipole between Northeast Asia and Antarctica over the past five centuries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 52:1/2, s. 765-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature Climate models emphasize the need to investigate inter-hemispheric climatic interactions. However, these models often underestimate the inter-hemispheric differences in climate change. With the wide application of reanalysis data since 1948, we identified a dipole pattern between the geopotential heights (GPHs) in Northeast Asia and Antarctica on the interdecadal scale in boreal summer. This Northeast Asia/Antarctica (NAA) dipole pattern is not conspicuous on the interannual scale, probably in that the interannual inter-hemispheric climate interaction is masked by strong interannual signals in the tropics associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Unfortunately, the instrumental records are not sufficiently long-lasting to detect the interdecadal variability of the NAA. We thus reconstructed GPHs since 1565, making using the proxy records mostly from tree rings in Northeast Asia and ice cores from Antarctica. The strength of the NAA is time-varying and it is most conspicuous in the eighteenth century and after the late twentieth century. The strength of the NAA matches well with the variations of the solar radiation and tends to increase in along with its enhancement. In boreal summer, enhanced heating associated with high solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere drives more air masses from the South to the North. This inter-hemispheric interaction is particularly strong in East Asia as a result of the Asian summer monsoon. Northeast Asia and Antarctica appear to be the key regions responsible for inter-hemispheric interactions on the interdecadal scale in boreal summer since they are respectively located at the front and the end of this inter-hemispheric trajectory.
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| 3. |
- Fang, Keyan, et al.
(författare)
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Interdecadal modulation of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) on southwest China’s temperature over the past 250 years
- 2019
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Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 52:3/4, s. 2055-2065
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature The temperature gradient between southwestern China and Indian Ocean is one key driver of the Indian Summer Monsoon, suggesting the necessity to understand temperature variability in southwestern China. Contrary to the general warming experienced in most of China, a few regions in southwestern China have undergone a cooling trend since the 1950s. To place this cooling trend in a historical context, this study develops an Abies fabri tree-ring width chronology in the Sichuan Basin, the most populated region in southwest China. The chronology spans from 1590 to 2012, with its reliable portion from 1758 to 2012, by far the longest in the Sichuan Basin. To better extract regional climate signals encoded in tree rings with strong local disturbances, we incorporate climate signals of nearby tree-ring chronologies to generate a large-scale tree-ring chronology (LSC). The LSC shows higher correlations with temperature near the sampling site on Mount Emei and sea surface temperatures of the northern Atlantic Ocean than chronologies developed using traditional methods. The highest correlations between the LSC and temperature are found from current February to July in the Sichuan Basin for the period 1901–1950 (r = 0.70), with a sharp decrease afterwards. Interdecadal variations of the LSC match well with Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation reconstructions, except for the late nineteenth century and after ~ 1980s. This study provides evidence that southwest China is a transitional region both affected by the interdecadal temperature variations of the northern Atlantic and Asian areas, although their influences weakened in recent possible due to enhanced human activities.
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| 4. |
- Lin, Chia-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Membrane phosphoinositides control insulin secretion through their effects on ATP-sensitive K+ channel activity.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 54:10, s. 2852-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP) channels) of pancreatic beta-cells play key roles in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by linking metabolic signals to cell excitability. Membrane phosphoinositides, in particular phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphates (PIP(2)), stimulate K(ATP) channels and decrease channel sensitivity to ATP inhibition; as such, they have been postulated as critical regulators of K(ATP) channels and hence of insulin secretion in beta-cells. Here, we tested this hypothesis by manipulating the interactions between K(ATP) channels and membrane phospholipids in a beta-cell line, INS-1, and assessing how the manipulations affect membrane excitability and insulin secretion. We demonstrate that disruption of channel interactions with PIP(2) by overexpressing PIP(2)-insensitive channel subunits leads to membrane depolarization and elevated basal level insulin secretion at low glucose concentrations. By contrast, facilitation of channel interactions with PIP(2) by upregulating PIP(2) levels via overexpression of a lipid kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5 kinase, decreases the ATP sensitivity of endogenous K(ATP) channels by approximately 26-fold and renders INS-1 cells hyperpolarized, unable to secrete insulin properly in the face of high glucose. Our results establish an important role of the interaction between membrane phosphoinositides and K(ATP) channels in regulating insulin secretion.
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| 5. |
- Song, Dandan, et al.
(författare)
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Blocking Fra-1 sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to PARP inhibitor
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3835 .- 1872-7980. ; 506, s. 23-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AP-1 member Fra-1 is overexpressed in TNBC and plays crucial roles in tumor progression and treatment resistance. In a previous large-scale screen, we identified PARP1 to be among 118 proteins that interact with endogenous chromatin-bound Fra-1 in TNBC cells. PARP1 inhibitor (olaparib) is currently in clinical use for treatment of BRCA-mutated TNBC breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that the Fra-1-PARP1 interaction impacts the efficacy of olaparib treatment. We show that PARP1 interacts with and downregulates Fra-1, thereby reducing AP-1 transcriptional activity. Olaparib treatment, or silencing of PARP1, consequently, increases Fra-1 levels and enhances its transcriptional activity. Increased Fra-1 can have adverse effect, including treatment resistance. We also found that a large fraction of PARP1-regulated genes was dependent on Fra-1. We show that by inhibiting Fra-1/AP-1, non-BRCA-mutated TNBC cells can become sensitized to olaparib treatment. We identify that high PARP1 expression is indicative of a poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients overall (P = 0.01), but not for HER-2 positive patients. In conclusion, by exploring the functionality of the Fra-1 and PARP1 interaction, we propose that targeting Fra-1 could serve as a combinatory therapeutic approach to improve olaparib treatment outcome for TNBC patients.
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