| 1. |
- Yao, Tandong, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Third Pole’s rapid warming accompanies cryospheric melt and water cycle intensification and interactions between monsoon and environment: multi-disciplinary approach with observation, modeling and analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; :March, s. 423-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Third Pole (TP) is experiencing rapid warming and is currently in its warmest period in the past 2,000 years. This paper reviews the latest development in multidisciplinary TP research associated with this warming. The rapid warming facilitates intense and broad glacier melt over most of the TP, although some glaciers in the northwest are advancing. By heating the atmosphere and reducing snow/ice albedo, aerosols also contribute to the glaciers melting. Glacier melt is accompanied by lake expansion and intensification of the water cycle over the TP. Precipitation has increased over the eastern and northwestern TP. Meanwhile, the TP is greening and most regions are experiencing advancing phenological trends, although over the southwest there is a spring phenological delay mainly in response to the recent decline in spring precipitation. Atmospheric and terrestrial thermal and dynamical processes over the TP affect the Asian monsoon at different scales. Recent evidence indicates substantial roles that mesoscale convective systems play in the TP’s precipitation as well as an association between soil moisture anomalies in the TP and the Indian monsoon. Moreover, an increase in geohazard events has been associated with recent environmental changes, some of which have had catastrophic consequences caused by glacial lake outbursts and landslides. Active debris flows are growing in both frequency of occurrences and spatial scale. Meanwhile, new types of disasters, such as the twin ice avalanches in Ali in 2016, are now appearing in the region. Adaptation and mitigation measures should be taken to help societies’ preparation for future environmental challenges. Some key issues for future TP studies are also discussed.
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| 2. |
- Huang, Guokai, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Corrosion Products Deposited on 304 Stainless Steel on Reduction of Se (IV/VI) in Simulated Groundwater
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 15:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selenium (Se) is a key mobile fission product in the geological disposal of nuclear waste. It is necessary to analyze the reductive deposition behavior of iron-based materials to Se(IV) and Se(VI) in groundwater. In the present work, the corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in simulated groundwater (SG) and the effects of corrosion products on the dissolution of Se were investigated by electrochemical and immersion tests. Experimental results revealed that passivation films formed on 304 stainless-steel samples were destroyed by polarization measurements, forming corrosion products consisting of Fe(II) compounds, such as Fe3O4 and FeO. Corrosion products deposited on the surface of steel samples previously treated by polarization measurements in SG + CaCl2/Na2CO3/Na2SiO3 solutions effectively reduced soluble Se(IV) and Se(VI) during immersion tests, depositing FeSe2 on sample surfaces.
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| 3. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 27:2, s. 310-324
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell therapy has been shown to be a key clinical therapeutic option for central nervous system diseases or damage. Standardization of clinical cell therapy procedures is an important task for professional associations devoted to cell therapy. The Chinese Branch of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) completed the first set of guidelines governing the clinical application of neurorestoration in 2011. The IANR and the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR) collaborated to propose the current version "Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)". The IANR council board members and CANR committee members approved this proposal on September 1, 2016, and recommend it to clinical practitioners of cellular therapy. These guidelines include items of cell type nomenclature, cell quality control, minimal suggested cell doses, patient-informed consent, indications for undergoing cell therapy, contraindications for undergoing cell therapy, documentation of procedure and therapy, safety evaluation, efficacy evaluation, policy of repeated treatments, do not charge patients for unproven therapies, basic principles of cell therapy, and publishing responsibility.
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| 4. |
- Li, Teng, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Different Ions and Temperature on Corrosion Behavior of Pure Iron in Anoxic Simulated Groundwater
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 13:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a typical material of the insert in high-level radioactive waste (HLW) geological disposal canisters, iron-based materials will directly contact with groundwater after the failure of a metallic canister, acting as a chemical barrier to prevent HLW leaking into groundwater. In this paper, anoxic groundwater was simulated by mixing 10 mM NaCl and 2 mM NaHCO3 purged by Ar gas (containing 0.3% CO2) with different added ions (Ca2+, CO32− and SiO32−) and operation temperatures (25, 40 and 60 °C). An electrochemical measurement, immersion tests and surface characterization were carried out to study the corrosion behavior of pure iron in the simulated groundwater. The effects of Ca2+ on the corrosion behavior of iron is negligible, however, Cl− plays an important role in accelerating the corrosion activity with the increased concentration and temperature. With increased concentrations of CO32− and SiO32−, the corrosion resistance of iron is largely improved, which is attributed to the formation of a uniform passivation film. The independent effects of temperature on the corrosion behavior of iron are resulted from the repeated passivation–dissolution processes in the formation of the passivation film, resulting from the synergistic effects of CO32−/SiO32− and Cl−. The formation of ferric silicate is dominant in the passivation film with the addition of SiO32−, which effectively protects the iron surface from corrosion.
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| 5. |
- Lin, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after readmission at the index or nonindex hospital following acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 44:2, s. 200-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the prevalence and outcomes of readmission to nonindex hospitals after an admission for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS). We aimed to determine the rate of nonindex readmissions following AMI-CS and to evaluate its association with clinical factors, hospitalization cost, length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality rates.HYPOTHESIS: Nonindex readmission may lead to worse in-hospital outcomes.METHODS: We reviewed the data of inpatients with AMI-CS between 2010 and 2017 using the National Readmission Database. The survey analytical methods recommended by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were used for national estimates. Multiple regression models were used to evaluate the predictors of nonindex readmission, and its association with hospitalization cost, LOS, and in-hospital mortality rates.RESULTS: Of 238 349 patients with AMI-CS, 28028 (11.76%) had an unplanned readmission within 30 days. Of these patients, 7423 (26.48%) were readmitted to nonindex hospitals. Compared with index readmission, nonindex readmission was associated with higher hospitalization costs (p < .0001), longer LOS (p < .0001), and increased in-hospital mortality rates (p = .0016). Patients who had a history of percutaneous coronary intervention, received intubation/mechanical ventilation, or left against medical advice during the initial admission had greater odds of a nonindex readmission.CONCLUSIONS: Over one-fourth of readmissions following AMI-CS were to nonindex hospitals. These admissions were associated with higher hospitalization costs, longer LOS, and higher in-hospital mortality rates. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether a continuity of care plan in the acute hospital setting can improve outcomes after AMI-CS.
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| 6. |
- Mård Karlsson, Johanna, 1979-
(författare)
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Arctic Water System Change and its Interactions with Permafrost and Ecosystem Changes
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change and various changes in the landscape itself, such as permafrost thaw, may trigger and mediate substantial changes in the inland water system of the Arctic. Many climate change responses in the Arctic landscape and ecosystems are then related to alterations in the hydrological system. The nature of all these change interactions is not well understood. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of changes in the Arctic inland water system and their interactions with permafrost and ecosystem changes. Investigation of the spatial coverage of systematic hydrological monitoring data and observation data for hydro-climatically related ecosystem shifts, such as large-scale lake-area change, shows that this overlap is small. Yet some monitoring hotspot areas exist, where such data overlap and can be used to improve our understanding of linked hydrological, permafrost and ecosystem changes in the Arctic under climate change. Analysis of lake-change patterns in such hotspot areas indicates permafrost thaw as a main change driver/mediator of some change patterns. However, clear indication of basin-wide influence of permafrost thaw on hydrological discharge dynamics was only found in two relatively small out of total six investigated permafrost basins of different scales. Further, both permafrost and non-permafrost basins exhibit large-scale lake-area changes. A salient change pattern emerging across all investigated basins is an opposite direction of runoff change to that of precipitation change. This contrast is explainable by apparent evapotranspiration changes that may be due to observed changes in surface water (lake) area and associated water-storage changes. Patches of local lake-area change can thus add up to considerable large-scale effects on evapotranspiration and runoff changes. Overall, this thesis shows that linking water system change to permafrost and ecosystem changes is essential for advancing our understanding of Arctic environmental change.
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| 7. |
- Yang, H., et al.
(författare)
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Reductive precipitation of neptunium on iron surfaces under anaerobic conditions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 496, s. 109-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reductive precipitation of the radiotoxic nuclide Np-237 from nuclear waste on the surface of iron canister material at simulated deep repository conditions was investigated. Pristine polished as well as pre corroded iron specimens were interacted in a deoxygenated solution containing 10-100 mu M Np(V), with 10 mM NaCl and 2 mM NaHCO3 as background electrolytes. The reactivity of each of the two different systems was investigated by analyzing the temporal evolution of the Np concentration in the reservoir. It was observed that pre-oxidized iron specimen with a 40 tm Fe3O4 corrosion layer are considerably more reactive regarding the reduction and immobilization of aqueous Np(V) as compared to pristine polished FeM surfaces. Np-237 immobilized by the reactive iron surfaces was characterized by scanning electron microscopy as well as synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. At the end of experiments, a 5-8 tm thick Np-rich layer was observed to be formed ontop of the Fe3O4 corrosion layer on the iron specimen. The findings from this work are significant in the context of performance assessments of deep geologic repositories using iron as high level radioactive waste (HLW) canister material and are of relevance regarding removing pollutants from contaminated soil or groundwater aquifer systems.
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