| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Kitsakis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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3D Cadastres Best Practices, Chapter 1: Legal foundations
- 2018
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Ingår i: FIG Congress 2018. - Copenhagen : International Federation of Surveyors, FIG. - 9788792853783
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The concepts of three-dimensional (3D) real property have been the subject of increased interest in land use management and research since the late ‘90s. Literature provides various examples of extensive research towards 3D Cadastres as well as those that are already implementing 3D cadastral systems. However, in most countries the legal aspects of 3D real property and its incorporation into 3D cadastral systems have not been so rigorously examined. This paper compares and discusses 3D property concepts in 15 cadastral jurisdictions, based on the authors’ national experience, covering Europe, North and Latin America, Middle East and Australia. Each of the legal system in these cadastral jurisdiction are based on different origins of Civil Law, including German, Napoleonic and Scandinavian Civil Law, which can prove useful to research in other Civil Law jurisdictions interested in introducing 3D cadastral systems. These jurisdictionsare at different stages of introducing and implementing a 3D cadastral system. This contributes to the detection of the 3D real property concepts that apply as well as deficiencies that prohibit introduction of 3D cadastral systems, while highlighting challenges that may have not yet surfaced in individual jurisdictions. This paper aims to present the different legal concepts regarding 3D real property in the examined countries, focusing on the characteristic features of cadastral objects described as 3D within each country’s legal and cadastral framework. The analysis of the case studies revealed that the countries are on different stages of 3D Cadastral implementation, starting from countries with operational 3D cadastral systems, to others where there is yet no interest in introducing a 3D cadastral system. This paper presents the nature of 3D cadastral objects in each country, as well as differences in the regulatory framework regarding definition, description and registration. The paper continues the legal workshop discussions of the 4th International Workshop on 3D Cadastres in Dubai 2014 by analysing the legal concepts of 3D cadastres in the above-mentioned countries. The outcome is an overview and discussion of existing concepts of 3D property describing their similarities and differences in use, focusing on the legal framework of 3D cadastres. The article concludes by presenting a possible way forward and identifies what further research is needed which can be used to draft national and international research proposals and form legislative amendments towards introduction of national 3D cadastral systems.
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| 3. |
- Kitsakis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 1. Legal Foundations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Best Practices 3D Cadastres - Extended version. - Copenhagen, Denmark : International Federation of Surveyors. - 9788792853646 ; , s. 1-66
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concepts of three-dimensional (3D) real property have been the subject of increased interest in land use management and research since the late ‘90s.Literature provides various examples of extensive research towards 3D Cadastres as well as those that are alreadyimplementing3D cadastral systems. However, in most countries the legal aspects of 3D real property and its incorporation into 3D cadastral systems have not been so rigorously examined.This paper compares and discusses 3D property concepts in 15 cadastral jurisdictions, based on the authors’ national experience, covering Europe, North and Latin America, Middle East and Australia. Each of the legal system in these cadastral jurisdiction arebased on different origins of Civil Law, including German, Napoleonic and Scandinavian Civil Law, which can prove useful to research in other Civil Law jurisdictions interested in introducing 3D cadastral systems. These jurisdictionsare atdifferent stages of introducing and implementing a 3D cadastral system.This contributesto the detection of the 3D real property concepts that apply as well as deficiencies that prohibit introduction of 3D cadastral systems,whilehighlighting challenges that may have not yet surfacedin individual jurisdictions. This paper aims to present the different legal concepts regarding 3D real property in the examined countries, focusing on the characteristic features of cadastral objects described as 3D within each country’s legal and cadastral framework. The analysis of the case studies revealed that the countries are on different stages of 3D Cadastralimplementation, starting from countries with operational 3D cadastral systems, to others where there is yet no interest in introducing a 3D cadastral system.This paper presents the nature of 3D cadastral objects in each country, as well as differences in the regulatory framework regarding definition, description and registration. The paper continues the legal workshop discussions of the 4th International Workshop on 3D Cadastres in Dubai 2014 by analysing the legal concepts of 3D cadastres in the above-mentioned countries. The outcome is an overview and discussion of existing concepts of 3D property describing their similarities and differences in use, focusing on the legal framework of 3D cadastres. The article concludes by presenting a possible way forward and identifies what further research is needed which can be used to draft national and international research proposals and form legislative amendments towards introduction of national 3D cadastral systems.
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| 4. |
- Kitsakis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 1. Legal Foundations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Best Practices 3D Cadastres - Printed version. - Copenhagen, Denmark : International Federation of Surveyors. - 9788792853844 - 9788792853837 ; , s. 1-18
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The concepts of three-dimensional (3D) real property have been the subject of increasedinterest in land use management and research since the late ‘90s while literatureprovides various examples of extensive research towards 3D Cadastres as well asalready implementing 3D cadastral systems. However, in most countries the legal aspectsof 3D real property and its incorporation into 3D cadastral systems have not beenso rigorously examined.This chapter compares and discusses 3D property concepts in fifteen selected countries,based on the authors’ national experience, covering Europe, North and LatinAmerica, Middle East and Australia.
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| 5. |
- Kitsakis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 1 – Legal Foundations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Best Practices 3D Cadastres - Extended version. - Copenhagen : International Federation of Surveyors. - 9788792853646 ; , s. 1-66
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Kitsakis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Бүлэг 1 Эрх зүйн үндэслэл (Chapter 1: Legal foundations)
- 2024
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Ingår i: 3DКАДАСТРЫН ШИЛДЭГ ТУРШЛАГУУД (Best Practices 3D Cadastres). - Copenhagen : International Federation of Surveyors (FIG). - 978 87 92853 64 6 ; , s. 1-67
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Гурван хэмжээст (3 D үл хөдлөх хөрөнгийн талаарх ойлголт, үзэл баримтлалууд 90 ээд онысүүл үеэс эхлэн газар зохион байгуулалтын баримт бичиг болон судалгааны бүтээлүүдэдтусах болсон билээ. Өнөө цагт бид 3 D кадастрын талаар хийгдсэн судалгаа, өргөн цархүрээтэй ойлголт, шилд эг туршлагуудыг олон ном, судалгааны бүтээлүүдээс харж болно.Хэдий тийм боловч ихэнх улс орнуудад 3 D үл хөдлөх хөрөнгийн эрх зүйн зохицуулалтуудыгнарийвчлан тодорхойлж 3 D кадастрын системийг эрхлэх асуудал одоо хүртэл нарийншийдэгдэ эгүй, судлагдаагүй хэвээр байна.Энэ бүлэгт Европ, Хойд болон Латин Америк, Ойрх Дорнод, Австралийн нийт 15 өөр эрхзүйн орчин дахь 3 D үл хөдлөх хөрөнгийн үзэл баримтлалыг зохиогчдын өөрсдийнх ньүндэсний туршлагад тулгуурлан харьцуулан авч үзсэн болно. Түүнчлэн Герман, Франц,Скандинав з эрэг өөр өөр ялгаатай иргэний эрх зүйн орчин дэх 3 D кадастрын системийнжишээг авч үзсэн нь эдгээр улстай ижил төрлийн эрх зүйн систем хөгжсөн бусад орнуудад3D кадастрын системийг нэвтрүүлэхэд тус нэмэр болох буй заа. Гэхдээ эдгээр жишээ, сайнтуршлагууд нь 3 D кадастрын системийг нэвтрүүлэх, хэрэгжүүлэх гэх мэт өөр өөр үе шатандявж байгааг анхаарна биз ээ. Энэ нь 3 D үл хөдлөх хөрөнгийн үзэл баримтлал, 3 D кадастрынсистемийг нэвтрүүлэхэд тулгамдаж буй асуудлуудыг тодорхойлоход хувь нэмэр оруулахынзэрэгцээ тухайн эрх зүйн орчинд хараахан бий болоогүй байгаа бэрхшээл, асуудлуудыгурьдчилж харахад илүү дөхөм болгож байна.Түүнчлэн та бүхэнд хүргэхийг зорьсон дараагийн асуудал бол тухайн улс бүрийн эрх зүйнорчин болон кадастрын систем дэх 3 D гэж тодорхойлсон кадастрын объектуудын онцлог,шинж чанаруудыг илүү тодотгон тайлбарлах юм. Мөн 3 D кадастрын системтэй улсорнуудаас э хлээд 3 D кадастрын системийг нэвтрүүлэх сонирхолгүй байгаа улс орнуудынжишээ, туршлагад дүн шинжилгээ хийж 3 D кадастрын объектын мөн чанар, үзэл баримтлал,бүртгэлийн зохицуулалтын тогтолцооны ялгааг харуулжээ. Тус бүтээлд дээр дурдсан улсорнуудын 3 D кад астрын эрх зүйн үзэл баримтлалд дүн шинжилгээ хийх замаар 2014 ондДубайд болсон 3 D кадастрын олон улсын 4 р хурлын эрх зүйн салбар хуралдааныхэлэлцүүлэгт хөндөгдсөн асуудлуудыг үргэлжлүүлсэн болно. Үүний үр дүнд 3 D үл хөдлөххөрөнгийн тухай одоо байгаа эрх зүйн тогтолцоо, үзэл баримтлал, ойлголтуудыг тоймложхөрөнгийн тухай одоо байгаа эрх зүйн тогтолцоо, үзэл баримтлал, ойлголтуудыг тоймлож тэдгээрийн ижил төстэй болон ялгаатай байдлыг тайлбарласан байна. Төгсгөлд нь цаашид тэдгээрийн ижил төстэй болон ялгаатай байдлыг тайлбарласан байна. Төгсгөлд нь цаашид хэрхэх арга замыг танилцуулж, тухайн улсын болон олон улсын хэмжээнд 3хэрхэх арга замыг танилцуулж, тухайн улсын болон олон улсын хэмжээнд 3D D кадастрын кадастрын систсистемийг нэвтрүүлэхэд хууль тогтоомжид нь ямар нэмэлт өөрчлөлт оруулах шаардлагатай емийг нэвтрүүлэхэд хууль тогтоомжид нь ямар нэмэлт өөрчлөлт оруулах шаардлагатай талаар судалгааны үндэслэл боловсруулах шаардлагыг тодорхойлжээ.талаар судалгааны үндэслэл боловсруулах шаардлагыг тодорхойлжээ.
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| 7. |
- Li, Zhixuan, et al.
(författare)
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Revealing two radio-active galactic nuclei extremely near PSR J0437−4715
- 2018
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 476:1, s. 399-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Newton's gravitational constant G may vary with time at an extremely low level. The time variability of G will affect the orbital motion of a millisecond pulsar in a binary system and cause a tiny difference between the orbital period-dependent measurement of the kinematic distance and the direct measurement of the annual parallax distance. PSR J0437-4715 is the nearest millisecond pulsar and the brightest at radio wavelengths. To explore the feasibility of achieving a parallax distance accuracy of one light-year, comparable to the recent timing result, with the technique of differential astrometry, we searched for compact radio sources quite close to PSR J0437-4715. Using existing data from the Very Large Array and the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we detected two sources with flat spectra, relatively stable flux densities of 0.9 and 1.0 mJy at 8.4 GHz and separations of 13 and 45 arcsec. With a network consisting of the Long Baseline Array and the Kunming 40-m radio telescope, we found that both sources have a point-like structure and a brightness temperature of >= 10(7) K. According to these radio inputs and the absence of counterparts in other bands, we argue that they are most likely the compact radio cores of extragalactic active galactic nuclei, rather than Galactic radio stars. The finding of these two radio active galactic nuclei will enable us to achieve a sub-pc distance accuracy with in-beam phase-referencing very-long-baseline interferometric observations and provide one of the most stringent constraints on the time variability of G in the near future.
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| 8. |
- Salafia, Om Sharan, et al.
(författare)
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Multiwavelength View of the Close-by GRB 190829A Sheds Light on Gamma-Ray Burst Physics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 931:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We monitored the position of the close-by (about 370 Mpc) gamma-ray burst GRB 190829A, which originated from a massive star collapse, through very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations with the European VLBI Network and the Very Long Baseline Array, carrying out a total of nine observations between 9 and 117 days after the gamma-ray burst at 5 and 15 GHz, with a typical resolution of a few milliarcseconds. From a state-of-the art analysis of these data, we obtained valuable limits on the source size and expansion rate. The limits are in agreement with the size evolution entailed by a detailed modeling of the multiwavelength light curves with a forward-plus-reverse shock model, which agrees with the observations across almost 18 orders of magnitude in frequency (including the HESS data at TeV photon energies) and more than 4 orders of magnitude in time. Thanks to the multiwavelength, high-cadence coverage of the afterglow, inherent degeneracies in the afterglow model are broken to a large extent, allowing us to capture some unique physical insights; we find a low prompt emission efficiency of less than or similar to 10(-3), a low fraction of relativistic electrons in the forward shock downstream chi ( e ) < 13% (90% credible level), and a rapid decay of the magnetic field in the reverse shock downstream after the shock crossing. While our model assumes an on-axis jet, our VLBI astrometry is not sufficiently tight as to exclude any off-axis viewing angle, but we can exclude the line of sight to have been more than similar to 2 degrees away from the border of the gamma-ray-producing region based on compactness arguments.
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| 9. |
- Yang, Zhixuan, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing the spatiotemporal variations in the gross primary productivity in coastal wetlands by integrating eddy covariance, Landsat, and MODIS satellite data : A case study in the Yangtze Estuary, China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X. ; 149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate monitoring of the spatiotemporal variations in the gross primary productivity (GPP) in coastal wetlands is essential for blue carbon quantification. However, the currently available moderate-spatial-resolution GPP algorithms and products may contain large uncertainties and may rarely meet the demands of tidal wetland research. In this paper, we examine two statistical methods, namely, simple linear regression and random forest regression, to capture the high spatial resolution GPP variations in the salt marshes in the Yangtze Estuary by integrating multi-source data, including eddy covariance, Landsat, and Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data. The satellite-derived photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI) are used individually and in different combinations to drive the two statistical methods and investigate their performances in estimating the GPP. The results show that together with the PAR, the EVI generally has the greatest potential for GPP estimation (R2 > 0.75, RMSE < 6.80 μmol m−2 s−1) based on simple linear regression. However, the NDVI outperforms the EVI in wetlands with little tidal flooding and plant litter. The random forest method improves the performance in terms of upscaling the GPP measurements to large regions, and the combination of the EVI, NDVI, NDWI, and PAR performs the best, indicating that the use of the more advanced algorithm and the incorporation of a remotely sensed index that reflects the tidal influence are beneficial to GPP estimation in coastal salt marshes. Moreover, using Landsat data with a high spatial resolution (30 m) yields a much more accurate GPP estimation than using MODIS data with a 500 m resolution. Our results demonstrate that the use of high spatial resolution data, the proper use of remotely sensed indices, and the incorporation of a good combination of these indices through an advanced algorithm such as a machine learning algorithm are vital for capturing the nearly instantaneous GPP variations in coastal wetlands at large spatial scales.
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