| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 20:10, s. 795-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.
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| 3. |
- Rahimi, S., et al.
(författare)
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Applying full MILP model to volt-var optimization problem for MV distribution networks
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volt/Var Optimization (VVO) function is a key element in advanced Distribution Management System (DMS) functionality. VVO function is designed to optimize the voltage and reactive power flow in distribution network by using possible control equipment such as transformer on-load tap changers (OLTC), Voltage Regulators (VR), and switching the Capacitor Banks. In this paper we use a full mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for solving VVO problem for realtime application. The objective of this paper is to implement an MILP model for volt-var optimization function in a commercial solver GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) which has the capability to be used as framework for real-time applications. The implemented model has been tested on a real distribution network in southern Sweden and the results are presented.
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| 4. |
- Rahimi, S., et al.
(författare)
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Volt/VAR Optimization function with load uncertainty for planning of MV distribution networks
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, PowerTech 2015. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479976935
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volt/VAR Optimization (VVO) function is an important element in real time operation of distribution networks and major part of advanced Distribution Management Systems (DMS). From planning prospective, VVO function can be used to optimize reactive power flow in distribution network to recommend the best operating condition for the control equipment in a predefined period of time in future (i.e. 24 hour). The typical objective function of VVO functions are minimizing the total system loss for a certain system load level. VVO function computes the optimized setting for transformer on-load tap changers (OLTC), Voltage Regulators (VR), and Capacitor Banks, while system voltage profile is maintained within its limits. In this paper the objective is to develop a planning VVO engine which can calculate the most probable expected loss of the network for the next 24 hours, and can recommend the best expected operating condition for the control equipment. For the VVO algorithm a full mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is used to solve the loss objective of VVO problem for a planning application. The load uncertainty is modeled by an ARMA model which can create any arbitrary number of forecasted load scenarios to be used by VVO engine (implemented in a commercial solver GAMS, 'General Algebraic Modeling System'). The implemented models have been tested on a real distribution network in southern Sweden and the results are presented.
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| 5. |
- Abdullah, Gamil M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Boosting-based ensemble machine learning models for predicting unconfined compressive strength of geopolymer stabilized clayey soil
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present research employs new boosting-based ensemble machine learning models i.e., gradient boosting (GB) and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of geopolymer stabilized clayey soil. The GB and AdaBoost models were developed and validated using 270 clayey soil samples stabilized with geopolymer, with ground-granulated blast-furnace slag and fly ash as source materials and sodium hydroxide solution as alkali activator. The database was randomly divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets for model development and validation. Several performance metrics, including coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean squared error (MSE), were utilized to assess the accuracy and reliability of the developed models. The statistical results of this research showed that the GB and AdaBoost are reliable models based on the obtained values of R2 (= 0.980, 0.975), MAE (= 0.585, 0.655), RMSE (= 0.969, 1.088), and MSE (= 0.940, 1.185) for the testing dataset, respectively compared to the widely used artificial neural network, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, multivariable regression, and multi-gen genetic programming based models. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis result shows that ground-granulated blast-furnace slag content was the key parameter affecting the UCS.
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| 6. |
- Abdullah, Gamil M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Materials. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-8016. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of rubber aggregates derived from discarded rubber tyres in concrete is a pioneering approach to replacing natural aggregate (NA) and promoting sustainable building practices. Recycled aggregate in concrete serves the dual purpose of alleviating the accumulation of discarded rubber tyres on the planet and providing a more sustainable alternative to decreasing natural aggregate. Due to fact that the crumb rubber (CR) decreases the strength when used in concrete, incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a nanomaterial to counteract the decrease in strength of crumb rubber concrete is a potential solution. Response Surface Methodology was developed to generate sixteen RUNs which contains different mix design by providing two input parameters like TiO2 at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by cement weight and CR at 10%, 20%, and 30% as substitutions for volume of sand. These mixtures underwent testing for 28 days to evaluate their mechanical, deformation, and durability properties. Moreover, the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus were recorded by 51.40 MPa, 4.47 MPa, 5.91 MPa, and 40.15 GPa when 1.5% TiO2 and 10% CR were added in rubberised concrete after 28 days respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of TiO2 led to reduced drying shrinkage and sorptivity in rubberized concrete, especially with increased TiO2 content. The study highlights that TiO2 inclusion refines pore size and densifies the interface between cement matrix and aggregate in hardened rubberized concrete. This transformative effect results in rubberized concrete demonstrating a commendable compressive strength comparable to normal concrete.
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| 7. |
- Al-Shami, Qahtan, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient numerical simulations on the forest barrier for seismic wave attenuation: engineering safe constructions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Built Environment. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-3362. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to elucidate the clear visibility of attenuating seismic waves (SWs) with forest trees as natural metamaterials known as forest metamaterials (FMs) arranged in a periodic pattern around the protected area. In analyzing the changeability of the FM models, five distinct cases of “metawall” configurations were considered. Numerical simulations were conducted to study the characteristics of bandgaps (BGs) and vibration modes for each model. The finite element method (FEM) was used to illustrate the generation of BGs in low frequency ranges. The commercial finite element code COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4a was adopted to carry out the numerical analysis, utilizing the sound cone method and the strain energy method. Wide BGs were generated for the Bragg scattering BGs and local resonance BGs owing to the gradual variations in tree height and the addition of a vertical load in the form of mass to simulate the tree foliage. The results were promising and confirmed the applicability of FEM based on the parametric design language ANSYS 17.2 software to apply the boundary conditions of the proposed models at frequencies below 100 Hz. The effects of the mechanical properties of the six layers of soil and the geometric parameters of FMs were studied intensively. Unit cell layouts and an engineered configuration for arranging FMs based on periodic theory to achieve significant results in controlling ground vibrations, which are valuable for protecting a large number of structures or an entire city, are recommended. Prior to construction, protecting a region and exerting control over FM characteristics are advantageous. The results exhibited the effect of the ‘trees’ upper portion (e.g., leaves, crown, and lateral bulky branches) and the gradual change in tree height on the width and position of BGs, which refers to the attenuation mechanism. Low frequency ranges of less than 100 Hz were particularly well suited for attenuating SWs with FMs. However, an engineering method for a safe city construction should be proposed on the basis of the arrangement of urban trees to allow for the shielding of SWs in specific frequency ranges.
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| 8. |
- Alnadish, Adham Mohammed, et al.
(författare)
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A bibliometric analysis and review on the performance of polymer-modified bitumen
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Materials. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-8016. ; 10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The addition of polymer to a base binder has been documented as a successful approach in terms of improving physical and rheological properties of the base bitumen. However, the main drawbacks of polymer-modified bitumen are incompatibility and degradation of polymer due to aging. This article aims to introduce a bibliometric analysis and review on modifying bitumen with polymers. Additionally, this article intent to highlight the significant gaps and recommendations for future work. Furthermore, another objective of this article is to provide a worth attempt regrading reducing the negative impact of polymer’s drawbacks on the performance of polymer-modified base binder. The findings of this article demonstrated that the test of storage stability for polymer-amended bitumen should be modified, in which the softening point of aluminum tube centerpiece should be measured to introduce a better evaluation for the storage stability of polymer-amended bitumen. In addition, the effects of kinetic factors (mixing sequence, viscosity of blend, shear rate, and time of mixing) on the compatibility of polymer-amended bitumen should be investigated. Moreover, the addition of compatibilizers and stabilizers to polymer-modified binder is recommended to improve compatibility and reduce the effect of aging on degradation of polymer.
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| 9. |
- Amran, Mugahed, et al.
(författare)
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Shrinkage mitigation in alkali-activated composites: A comprehensive insight into the potential applications for sustainable construction
- 2023
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Ingår i: Results in Engineering (RINENG). - : Elsevier. - 2590-1230. ; 20
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extant body of literature articulates a noticeable disparity in the susceptibility to cracking and concomitant material degradation between alkali-activated composites (AAC) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC), predominantly attributable to shrinkage and subsequent drying phenomena. This divergence derives from the nanoscopic porosity of AAC binders, which is substantially finer than their OPC counterparts. However, experimental research validates that the judicious incorporation of alternative cementitious materials and fibrous reinforcements enriches the shrinkage characteristics of AAC, thereby enhancing its overall structural performance. Given the crucial role of shrinkage in defining the material integrity of AAC, especially under constrained environmental conditions, an in-depth understanding of shrinkage mechanisms materializes as a necessity for conceiving efficient shrinkage-mitigating strategies. In light of the growing interest in optimizing AAC through various material integrations and methodological innovations aimed at shrinkage diminution, this scholarly review undertakes an extensive synthesis of the laboratorial investigations focused on AAC shrinkage behavior and mitigation. However, this article critically evaluates widespread strategies for shrinkage mitigation, explicating their operative mechanisms. Moreover, it is outlined gaps in the existing research paradigm, promoting for targeted scholarly endeavors to yield a more clear understanding of shrinkage dynamics and to facilitate the advancement of environmentally sustainable AAC composites. Meanwhile, this study intended to consolidate existing research on developing trends in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the possible uses of AACs and identify viable strategies for addressing AAC shrinkages. By addressing the challenges related to micro-cracking and shrinkage, the long-term durability of AACs may be improved, leading to increased adoption of these materials as sustainable building options in the construction industry today.
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| 10. |
- Azad, Md. Alquamar, et al.
(författare)
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Development of correlations between various engineering rockmass classification systems using railway tunnel data in Garhwal Himalaya, India
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering rockmass classifications are an integral part of design, support and excavation procedures of tunnels, mines, and other underground structures. These classifications are directly linked to ground reaction and support requirements. Various classification systems are in practice and are still evolving. As different classifications serve different purposes, it is imperative to establish inter-correlatability between them. The rating systems and engineering judgements influence the assignment of ratings owing to cognition. To understand the existing correlation between different classification systems, the existing correlations were evaluated with the help of data of 34 locations along a 618-m-long railway tunnel in the Garhwal Himalaya of India and new correlations were developed between different rock classifications. The analysis indicates that certain correlations, such as RMR-Q, RMR-RMi, RMi-Q, and RSR-Q, are comparable to the previously established relationships, while others, such as RSR-RMR, RCR-Qn, and GSI-RMR, show weak correlations. These deviations in published correlations may be due to individual parameters of estimation or measurement errors. Further, incompatible classification systems exhibited low correlations. Thus, the study highlights a need to revisit existing correlations, particularly for rockmass conditions that are extremely complex, and the predictability of existing correlations exhibit high variations. In addition to augmenting the existing database, new correlations for metamorphic rocks in the Himalayan region have been developed and presented that can serve as a guide for future rock engineering projects in such formations and aid in developing appropriate excavation and rock support methodologies.
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