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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bengtson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Kursutveckling i partnerskap mellan lärare och studenter
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En kurs på grundutbildningsnivå har omformats i partnerskap mellan studenter och lärare vilket lett till mer omfattande förändringar än motsvarande lärarledd process.(Bengtson et al., 2017) Den nya kursen har getts två gånger och resultatet blev avsevärt bättre betyg på kursvärderingarna och viss förbättring av examensresultateten jämfört med tidigare år. Fokus på presentationen är att diskutera lärdomar och utmaningar för att genomföra lyckade partnerskap i kursutveckling. Målet med projektet var att göra om en fysikkurs på kandidatprogrammet i kemi som studenterna uppfattade som svår och med bristande koppling till deras utbildning i kemi. I den första delen av projektet hördes studentens röst genom intervjuer kring kursens roll i utbildningsprogrammet. Intervjuerna gav inspiration till fortsatt arbete med högre grad av studentmedverkan. I den andra delen av projektet bildades därför en utvecklingsgrupp bestående av sex studenter och två lärare för att utveckla kursplan och läromedel i partnerskap (Mihans et al., 2008). Partnerskap kan leda till ökad motivation och självförtroende hos studenterna och att de tar större ansvar för sitt lärande (Bovill et al., 2011). Samtidigt drar lärarna nytta av att se inlärningsprocessen från studentens perspektiv (Cook-Sather, 2014). Hela gruppen träffades en gång i veckan under sju veckor. Dessutom bildades fyra separata arbetsgrupper som tog fram nytt kursmaterial. Samtliga beslut om förändringar togs genom omröstningar i hela gruppen där allas röster vägde lika. Lärarna kunde behålla ansvaret för kursens kvalitet genom att bestämma vilka förslag som var tillräckligt bra för omröstning, men det blev aldrig aktuellt eftersom det nya materialet höll genomgående hög kvalitet. Bland de genomförda förändringarna var nya seminarier för ökad begreppsmässig förståelse, omformning av alla föreläsningar med mer aktivt studentdeltagande, samt byte av kurslitteratur. Projektet har krävt betydande resurser från både lärare och studenter och med tanke på arbetsinsatsen passar liknande projekt bäst för att periodvis genomföra större förändringar i en kurs. Studenterna arvoderades för de timmar de lagt ned på kursutveckling och projektet finansierades med bidrag från en pedagogisk fond. Viktiga framgångsfaktorer var deltagande av studenter att rekrytera till projektet, finansiellt stöd från fakulteten, tidigt urval av konkreta utvecklingsuppgifter samt att låta gruppens medlemmar själva välja vad de ville utveckla utifrån deras egen kompetens. En rekommendation är att dela in utvecklingsprocessen i flera steg och öka partnerskap över tid för att hitta balans mellan behovet av vägledning och studenternas frihet att utveckla på egen hand. Nästa steg är att tillsammans med en ny studentgrupp fokuserat arbeta med att förbättra examinationsformerna. Samarbetet mellan lärare och studenter ledde till en djupare förståelse för varandras roller i en akademisk utbildningsmiljö och gav studenterna inspiration att arbeta med förbättring även i andra delar av utbildningen. Bengtson, C., Ahlkvist, M., Ekeroth, W., Nilsen-Moe, A., Proos Vedin, N., Rodiuchkina, K., Ye, S. & Lundberg, M. 2017. Working as Partners: Course Development by a Student–Teacher Team. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 11, 6.Bovill, C., Bulley, C. J. & Morss, K. 2011. Engaging and empowering first-year students through curriculum design: perspectives from the literature. Teaching in Higher Education, 16, 197-209.Cook-Sather, A. 2014. Multiplying perspectives and improving practice: what can happen when undergraduate students collaborate with college faculty to explore teaching and learning. Instructional Science, 42, 31-46.Mihans, I., Richard, J., Long, D. T. & Felten, P. 2008. Power and expertise: Student-faculty collaboration in course design and the scholarship of teaching and learning. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 2, 16.
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| 5. |
- Bengtson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Working as Partners : Course Development by a Student–Teacher Team
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning. - : Georgia Southern University. - 1931-4744. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A first-year undergraduate course at Uppsala University has been redesigned in a process exploring differentlevels of student participation. In the first part of the project, the student voice was heard through interviewsfocusing on the role of the course in the degree program. In the second part, a student-teacher team wasformed to develop course curriculum and teaching material in partnership. Among the implemented changeswere new seminars focusing on conceptual understanding, redesign of all lectures to include active studentparticipation, and a change of the course literature. The redesigned course significantly increased studentsatisfaction compared to previous years. Important success factors were involvement of the studentorganization to promote the project, institutional support, early selection of concrete development tasks, andallowing team members to choose what they wanted to develop according to their own expertise.
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| 6. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 7. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(författare)
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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| 8. |
- Cheung, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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PET Imaging of GPR44 by Antagonist [C-11]MK-7246 in Pigs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI. - 2227-9059. ; 9:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A validated imaging marker for beta-cell mass would improve understanding of diabetes etiology and enable new strategies in therapy development. We previously identified the membrane-spanning protein GPR44 as highly expressed and specific to the beta cells of the pancreas. The selective GPR44 antagonist MK-7246 was radiolabeled with carbon-11 and the resulting positron-emission tomography (PET) tracer [C-11]MK-7246 was evaluated in a pig model and in vitro cell lines. The [C-11]MK-7246 compound demonstrated mainly hepatobiliary excretion with a clearly defined pancreas, no spillover from adjacent tissues, and pancreatic binding similar in magnitude to the previously evaluated GPR44 radioligand [C-11]AZ12204657. The binding could be blocked by preadministration of nonradioactive MK-7246, indicating a receptor-binding mechanism. [C-11]MK-7246 showed strong potential as a PET ligand candidate for visualization of beta-cell mass (BCM) and clinical translation of this methodology is ongoing.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ellis, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Development of high efficiency 100% aqueous cobalt electrolyte dye-sensitised solar cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 18:12, s. 8419-8427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we report the application of three cobalt redox shuttles in 100% aqueous electrolyte dye-sensitised solar cells (DSCs). By using chloride as a counter-ion for cobalt bipyridine, cobalt phenanthroline and cobalt bipyridine pyrazole, the redox shuttles were made water soluble; no surfactant or further treatment was necessary. A simple system of merely the redox shuttles and 1-methylbenzimidazole (MBI) in water as an electrolyte in combination with an organic dye and a mesoporous PEDOT counter electrode was optimised. The optimisation resulted in an average efficiency of 5.5% (record efficiency of 5.7%) at 1 sun. The results of this study present promising routes for further improvements of aqueous cobalt electrolyte DSCs.
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