| 1. |
- Zhou, Yihui, et al.
(författare)
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Chlorinated Paraffins in Human Milk from Urban Sites in China, Sweden, and Norway
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 54:7, s. 4356-4366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) were analyzed in human milk from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Scandinavia. Individual samples were collected from Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing (China), Stockholm (Sweden), and Bodø (Norway) between 2010 and 2016. Mean concentrations (range) of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in samples from the YRD were 124 [-1 fat, respectively, all of which were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 15.9 (-1 fat, respectively, in samples from Scandinavia. MCCPs predominate in most samples, and LCCP concentrations exceed reported for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human milk from the same regions. This study is the first to confirm LCCP exposure via breastfeeding. Principal component analysis showed that the YRD samples were more influenced by SCCPs than the Scandinavian samples, which mirror different exposures to CPs between the regions. Because of a large variation in concentrations among individuals, SCCP intake via breastfeeding indicated a potential health concern in the 90th percentile among Chinese infants. Further, CP concentrations in the YRD samples from first-time mothers were on average three times higher than from second-time mothers. In order to limit the worldwide CP contamination, the inclusion of SCCPs as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention needs to be followed up, with the inclusion of MCCPs and LCCPs as well.
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| 2. |
- Jiao, Enmiao, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot study on extractable organofluorine and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water from drinking water treatment plants around Taihu Lake, China : what is missed by target PFAS analysis?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 24:7, s. 1060-1070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have raised concerns due to their worldwide occurrence and adverse effects on both the environment and humans as well as posing challenges for monitoring. Further collection of information is required for a better understanding of their occurrence and the unknown fractions of the extractable organofluorine (EOF) not explained by commonly monitored target PFAS. In this study, eight pairs of raw and treated water were collected from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) around Taihu Lake in China and analyzed for EOF and 34 target PFAS. Mass balance analysis of organofluorine revealed that at least 68% of EOF could not be explained by target PFAS. Relatively higher total target concentrations were observed in 4 DWTPs (D1 to D4) when compared to other samples with the highest sum concentration up to 189 ng L-1. PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS were the abundant compounds. Suspect screening analysis identified 10 emerging PFAS (e.g., H-PFAAs, H-PFESAs and OBS) in addition to target PFAS in raw or treated water. The ratios PFBA/PFOA and PFBS/PFOS between previous and current studies showed significant replacements of short-chain to long-chain PFAS. The ratios of the measured PFAS concentrations to the guideline values showed that some of the treated drinking water exceeds guideline values, appealing for efforts on drinking water safety guarantee.
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| 3. |
- Jiao, Enmiao, et al.
(författare)
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Further Insight into Extractable (Organo)fluorine Mass Balance Analysis of Tap Water from Shanghai, China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 57:38, s. 14330-14339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ubiquitous occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the detection of unexplained extractable organofluorine (EOF) in drinking water have raised growing concerns. A recent study reported the detection of inorganic fluorinated anions in German river systems, and therefore, in some samples, EOF may include some inorganic fluorinated anions. Thus, it might be more appropriate to use the term "extractable fluorine (EF) analysis" instead of the term EOF analysis. In this study, tap water samples (n = 39) from Shanghai were collected to assess the levels of EF/EOF, 35 target PFAS, two inorganic fluorinated anions (tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) and hexafluorophosphate (PF6-)), and novel PFAS through suspect screening and potential oxidizable precursors through oxidative conversion. The results showed that ultra-short PFAS were the largest contributors to target PFAS, accounting for up to 97% of ΣPFAS. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2) was reported in drinking water from China, and p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) was also identified through suspect screening. Small amounts of precursors that can be oxidatively converted to PFCAs were noted after oxidative conversion. EF mass balance analysis revealed that target PFAS could only explain less than 36% of EF. However, the amounts of unexplained extractable fluorine were greatly reduced when BF4- and PF6- were included. These compounds further explained more than 44% of the EF, indicating the role of inorganic fluorinated anions in the mass balance analysis.
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| 4. |
- Niu, Dong, et al.
(författare)
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Novel brominated flame retardants in house dust from Shanghai, China : levels, temporal variation, and human exposure
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer London. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 31:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have been increasingly used as alternatives to legacy BFRs (e.g., PBDEs and HBCDs) in consumer products, but are liable to emigrate and contaminate indoor dust. In this study, a total of 154 house dust samples including floor dust (FD) and elevated surface dust (ESD) were collected in the biggest metropolitan area (Shanghai) of East China in 2016. Limited information about temporal variation of NBFRs indoors is available, while the period of sampling is influential in human exposure estimates. Levels, temporal variation, and human exposure of seven target NBFRs such as decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEHTEBP) were investigated in indoor house dust.Results: Concentrations of Sigma(7)NBFRs ranged from 19.11 to 3099ng/g with a geomean of 295.1ng/g in FD, and from 34.74 to 404.6ng/g with a geomean of 117.9ng/g in ESD. The geomeans of DBDPE were 219.6ng/g in FD and 76.89ng/g in ESD, accounting for 90.5% and 80.5% of Sigma(7)NBFRs. Levels of EHTBB, BTBPE, and DBDPE in FD exceeded significantly those in ESD. The temporal variation in Sigma(7)NBFRs in FD was ranked as summer>winter>autumn>spring. The daily exposure doses (DEDs) of Sigma(7)NBFRs via dust ingestion decreased as: infants>toddlers>children>teenagers>adults. Infants showed the highest DED in FD, 9.1ng/kg bw/day.Conclusions: DBDPE clearly dominated the NBFRs in both FD and ESD, but the concentrations of DBDPE in this study were generally moderate compared with the other international studies. Dust ingestion was the major pathway of human exposure to NBFRs indoors. About eightfold difference in exposure estimates between infants and adults showed that infants faced elevated exposure risks in FD. This study highlighted the necessity to estimate human exposure of NBFRs for different age groups using FD and ESD, respectively.
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| 5. |
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长三角地区化学品污染与挑战 : 经验与启示
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chemical Pollution — Challenges in the Yangtze River Delta: Communication Brief is the second and final scientific report of the Chemstrres project. This book covers the results of the cooperation in relation to scientific output, collaborative results and interaction and higher educational achievements including the construction of joint facilities, the Yangtze Environmental Specimen Bank and extended science based exchange. The book is a follow up on Chemical Pollution — Challenges in the Yangtze River Delta (DiVA, id: diva2:1138019). Main results of the ten subprojects performed are given in the book, addressing: i. ecotoxicology studies with the pond snail; ii: on chlorinated paraffins and iii: establishment of the pond snail as a research monitoring species in the Yangtze River Delta. Further. iv: drinking water contaminants were studied in a screening project; v: pollutants in sewage sludge as a mirror of human activities, as well; vi: assessments of persistent and bioaccumulative compounds in wildlife from the Yangtze River Delta were performed; vii: heron eggs were analysed to determine the environmental quality in the region as well as viii: monitoring of pollutants in mothers’ milk in the Yangtze River Delta, Sweden and Norway were performed. Finally, ix: investigations were carried out to determine optimal fish species for research monitoring in the Yangtze River Delta and in a subproject number x: chemical pollutants were assessed in indoor dust. Reference to 45 authentic peer reviewed scientific articles are presented in the book.
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