| 1. |
- Ylikoski, Raija, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular diseases, health status, brain imaging findings and neuropsychological functioning in neurologically healthy elderly individuals
- 2000
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 30:2, s. 115-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between health-related factors, brain imaging findings and cognitive functioning. We examined 113 neurologically healthy subjects from 55 to 85 years of age. Health-related variables included a clinical health evaluation, cardiovascular diseases, and other systemic diseases. The presence of white matter changes and cerebral and peripheral atrophy were obtained with magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychological tests measuring verbal memory, visual memory, intellectual and language functions, visuoconstructional functions, flexibility, and speed and attention were administered. Results showed that overall health status was not related to cognition. Subjects, who had both arterial hypertension and white matter changes had difficulties in flexibility. Cardiac failure and white matter changes were related to impairment in visuoconstructional functions, flexibility and attention. Significant speed and attention deficits were observed in subjects with cardiac failure and central atrophy. In conclusion, this study verifies the relationship between hypertension, white matter changes and cognitive functions. We found also specific patterns in relation with cardiac failure, brain imaging findings and cognitive functioning, the most vulnerable domains were visuoconstructional functions, flexibility and attention.
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| 2. |
- Ylikoski, Raija, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in neuropsychological functioning associated with age, education, neurological status and magnetic resonance imaging findings in neurologically healthy elderly individuals
- 1998
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0908-4282 .- 1532-4826. ; 5:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 113 individuals, 55 to 85 years old, without any neurological diseases was investigated. The study provides information on differences associated with age, education, and gender, and in relation to neurological status, magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive functioning. Differences between age groups were shown in memory, constructional, and language functions, and especially in tests related to speed and attention. Education was related to most of the cognitive functions, but especially to verbal intellectual functions, visual and logical memory, language functions, and calculation. Gender differences were found in finger tapping, constructional functions, and verbal intellectual functions. Primitive reflexes showed a tendency to correlate with comprehension and memory of sentences. Extrapyramidal signs were related to psychomotor speed, and attention, verbal fluency, and set shifting together with intellectual functions and learning. Central atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging was related to memory functions in those 65 and 70 years of age, whereas in the oldest age groups immediate recall was associated with the severity of lesions.
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| 3. |
- Jokinen, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal cognitive decline in subcortical ischemic vascular disease--the LADIS Study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9786 .- 1015-9770. ; 27:4, s. 384-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have indicated that subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD), as defined according to imaging criteria, is associated with a specific clinical and cognitive profile. Much less is known about the long-term cognitive consequences of SIVD. The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal cognitive performance and incident dementia in subjects with and without SIVD in a sample of older adults with white matter lesions. METHODS: In the Leukoaraiosis and Disability (LADIS) study, 639 participants were examined with annual clinical and neuropsychological evaluations for 3 years. The subjects meeting the MRI criteria of SIVD at baseline were compared to the other subjects of the sample with linear mixed models. RESULTS: The overall level of cognitive performance over the follow-up period was inferior in multiple cognitive domains in SIVD subjects as compared to the reference group. The subjects with SIVD presented significantly steeper decline of performance in the Stroop test (parts I and II), Trail Making A test, Verbal fluency test, and Mini-Mental State Examination. They also had a threefold risk of developing dementia during follow-up independently of age, sex, education and medial temporal lobe atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: SIVD, as a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease, is related to progressive cognitive impairment and a considerable risk of developing dementia. SIVD seems to specifically contribute to the deterioration of psychomotor speed, executive control, and global cognitive function.
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| 4. |
- Jokinen, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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MRI-defined subcortical ischemic vascular disease: baseline clinical and neuropsychological findings. The LADIS Study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9786 .- 1015-9770. ; 27:4, s. 336-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) is a common, but often overlooked cause of vascular cognitive impairment. Diagnostic research criteria for SIVD are based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings including substantial white matter lesions (WML) and multiple lacunar infarcts. Empirical studies validating these imaging criteria are still few. The purpose of the study was to describe the clinical and cognitive characteristics of the MRI-defined SIVD in a mixed sample of functionally independent elderly subjects with WML. METHODS: The subjects of the Leukoaraiosis and Disability (LADIS) study, aged 65-84 years, underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological examinations, and brain MRI at the baseline assessment. The subjects meeting the SIVD imaging criteria (n = 89) were compared to the other subjects of the sample (n = 524). RESULTS: SIVD was associated with lower education, hypertension and, independently, with obesity. The subjects with SIVD had more often motor impairment, a history of falls, and subtle impairment in activities of daily living, but they did not differ for depressive symptoms. SIVD subjects performed significantly inferiorly in tests of global cognitive function, psychomotor speed, attention and executive functions, verbal fluency, and working memory. CONCLUSION: In this population of nondisabled older adults with WML, SIVD was related to specific clinical and functional characteristics. Neuropsychological features included psychomotor slowing as well as deficits in attention and executive functions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Verkkoniemi, Auli, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological functions in variant Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 218:1-2, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few data exist on the effects of specific Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related mutations on cognitive function. We present neuropsychological test results in eight members of a large kindred with variant Alzheimer's disease (VarAD) due to a deletion of the presenilin 1 (PS-1) gene, encompassing exon 9. The disease was neuropathologically characterized by the presence of large, unusual, "cotton wool" plaques (CWP). Four surviving patients were prospectively tested, and retrospective neuropsychological data were collected from additional four deceased patients. The neuropsychological evaluation was based on tests of verbal and visual memory, abstract thinking, and visuoconstructive and spatial functions. In addition, psychiatric symptoms were evaluated. In four patients, brain glucose metabolism was examined by positron emission tomography (PET). PET showed temporoparietal hypometabolism typical of AD. In addition, variable patterns of hypometabolism (hemispherical asymmetry and occipital accentuation) were related to individual deficits of cognitive performance. However, all these early-onset patients (age range 43-63 years) with a deletion mutation of PS-1 gene showed prominent memory impairment and deficits in visuoconstructive and intellectual functions.
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