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- Shen, Qing, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular disease and subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders : a nationwide sibling-controlled study
- 2022
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and selected psychiatric disorders has frequently been suggested while the potential role of familial factors and comorbidities in such association has rarely been investigated.Methods: We identified 869 056 patients newly diagnosed with CVD from 1987 to 2016 in Sweden with no history of psychiatric disorders, and 910 178 full siblings of these patients as well as 10 individually age- and sex-matched unrelated population controls (N=8 690 560). Adjusting for multiple comorbid conditions, we used flexible parametric models and Cox models to estimate the association of CVD with risk of all subsequent psychiatric disorders, comparing rates of first incident psychiatric disorder among CVD patients with rates among unaffected full siblings and population controls.Results: The median age at diagnosis was 60 years for patients with CVD and 59.2% were male. During up to thirty years of follow-up, the crude incidence rates of psychiatric disorder were 7.1, 4.6 and 4.0 per 1000 person-years for patients with CVD, their siblings and population controls. In the sibling comparison, we observed an increased risk of psychiatric disorder during the first year after CVD diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.62-2.87) and thereafter (1.45; 95% CI, 1.42-1.48). Increased risks were observed for all types of psychiatric disorders and among all diagnoses of CVD. We observed similar associations in the population comparison. CVD patients who developed a comorbid psychiatric disorder during the first year after diagnosis were at elevated risk of subsequent CVD death compared to patients without such comorbidity (HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.44-1.67).Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with CVD are at an elevated risk for subsequent psychiatric disorders independent of shared familial factors and comorbid conditions. Comorbid psychiatric disorders in patients with CVD are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular mortality suggesting that surveillance and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities should be considered as an integral part of clinical management of newly diagnosed CVD patients.Funding: This work was supported by the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Action Grant (CoMorMent, grant no. 847776 to UV, PFS and FF), Grant of Excellence, Icelandic Research Fund (grant no. 163362-051 to UV), ERC Consolidator Grant (StressGene, grant no: 726413 to UV), Swedish Research Council (grant no. D0886501 to PFS) and US NIMH R01 MH123724 (to PFS).
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| 2. |
- Shore, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore the male predominance in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma by evaluating the preventive potential of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This matched cohort study was based on a national Swedish database of prostate cancer patients in 2006-2013. Prostate cancer patients receiving ADT were the exposed group. Prostate cancer-free men from the general population were randomly selected and matched to the index case by birth year and county of residence, forming the unexposed control group. The participants were followed until a diagnosis of esophageal or gastric cancer, death, emigration, or end of the study period. The risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma among ADT-exposed compared to unexposed was calculated by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for confounders. There was a risk reduction of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma among ADT-users compared to non-users (HR 0.49 [95% CI 0.24-0.98]). No such decreased risk was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR 1.17 [95% CI 0.60-2.32]), cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.40-2.46]), or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.31-3.13]). This study indicates that androgen deprivation therapy decreases the risk of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, while no decreased risk was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma, cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, or esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.
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| 3. |
- Yu, Jingru
(författare)
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Etiology and early detection of pancreatic cancer
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pancreatic cancer is one of the most dismal malignancies. Although its incidence and prevalence are relatively low, the disease burden is still an important health issue, especially in terms of mortality. Primary prevention is of utmost importance for such detrimental disease, however, the underlying etiology remains largely unknown. Moreover, the poor survival is attributed to a lack of non- or minimally-invasive methods for early cancer detection. In this thesis, we explored several biological factors, including poor dental health, diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and gastric mucosal abnormality, which could enrich our understanding of the etiology of pancreatic cancer. In addition, we took the challenge to identify a panel of plasma protein biomarkers for detecting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at an early stage, when therapies are most likely to be successful. In Study I, we retrieved the information on dental health status (healthy condition, caries, root canal infection, mild inflammation, and periodontitis) and the number of teeth of 5.9 million residents from the Swedish Dental Health Register between 2009 and 2016. Multivariate- adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were derived from Cox proportional-hazards regression models. Individuals aged younger than 50 years and with compromised dental health status had a higher risk of pancreatic cancer, than those with good dental health status; among individuals aged between 50-70 years, only those with periodontitis had a 20% higher risk of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, individuals with fewer teeth tended to have a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. In Study II, we investigated the association between IBD and the risk of pancreatic cancer, by using population-based cohorts from Norway (1987-2015) and Sweden (1987-2016). Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated to estimate the relative risk. We found a 1.3-fold higher risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with IBD, compared with the general population. Furthermore, IBD patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) had a pronounced increase of pancreatic cancer risk (SIR = 9.0, 95% CI 6.3-12.6), compared with IBD patients without PSC (SIR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.3). In Study III, patients with gastric biopsies from the Swedish histopathology registers during 1979-2011 were included and followed up until 2014. The gastric biopsies were categorized according to Correa’s cascade: normal mucosa, minor changes, superficial gastritis, and atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia [AG/IM/Dys]). We found an extremely higher risk of pancreatic cancer across all groups shortly after undergoing gastric biopsies compared with the general population, which was very likely driven by reverse causality and confounding by indication. After the first three years of follow-up, SIRs dropped dramatically, with a 20%-30% increased risk across all groups of gastric biopsies. However, no significant excess risk was observed when comparing minor changes, superficial gastritis, and AG/IM/Dys with the normal gastric mucosa (HRs were closed to 1). In Study IV, we conducted a case-control study including 71 early PDAC cases and 72 healthy controls, based on 93 candidate plasma protein biomarkers, and three variables of sex, age, and smoking. An eight-protein panel was identified and used for prediction modeling for discriminating patients with early PDAC from healthy controls; the value of the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.85 (95% CI 0.78-0.91). This panel was further validated in a Spanish population of 37 early PDAC cases and 36 healthy controls; the AUC value was 0.81 (95% CI 0.70-0.92). In conclusion, this thesis found that individuals with poor dental health, diagnosis of IBD, and recent gastric biopsies were at an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, providing evidence to identify high-risk groups for further surveillance. The eight-protein panel might propose a promising approach to detect PDAC at an early stage. These findings need to be replicated in other populations and require a thorough evaluation on cost-effectiveness. Taken together, this thesis enriches our knowledge of the etiology of pancreatic cancer, and provides a promising panel for pancreatic cancer detection at an early stage.
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Meizhen, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-Sensitive, Rapid and On-Site Sensing Harmful Ingredients Used in Aquaculture with Magnetic Fluid SERS
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biosensors. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6374. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy with magnetic fluid provides significant utility in point-of-care (POC) testing applications. Bifunctional magnetic–plasmonic composites have been widely employed as SERS substrates. In this study, a simple and cost-effective approach was developed to synthesize magnetic–plasmonic SERS substrates by decorating silver nanoparticles onto magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (AgMNPs), which function both as SERS-active substrates and magnetic fluid particles. The strong magnetic responsivity from AgMNPs can isolate, concentrate, and detect target analytes from the irregular surface of fish skin rapidly. We fabricate a microfluid chip with three sample reservoirs that confine AgMNPs into ever smaller volumes under an applied magnetic field, which enhances the SERS signal and improves the detection limit by two orders of magnitude. The magnetic fluid POC sensor successfully detected malachite green from fish with excellent selectivity and high sensitivity down to the picomolar level. This work achieves a label-free, non-destructive optical sensing approach with promising potential for the detection of various harmful ingredients in food or the environment.
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| 5. |
- Zhou, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of Pediatric Brain Tumor Images With Mass Effect
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2023. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In children, brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death. The amount of labeled data in children is much lower than that for adult subjects. This paper proposes a new method to synthesize high-quality pathological pediatric MRI brain images from pathological adult ones. To realistically simulate the appearance of brain tumors, the proposed method considers the mass effect, i.e., the deformation induced by the tumor to the surrounding tissue. First, a probabilistic U-Net was trained to predict a deformation field that encodes the mass effect from the healthy-pathological image pair. Second, the learned deformation field was utilized to warp the healthy mask to simulate the mass effect. The tumor mask is also added to the warped mask. Finally, a label-to-image transformer, i.e., the SPADE GAN, was trained to synthesize a pathological image from the segmentation masks of gray matter, white matter, CSF and the tumor. The synthetic images were evaluated in two quantitative ways: i) three supervised segmentation pipelines were trained on datasets with and without synthetic images. Two pipelines show over 1% improvements in the Dice scores when the datasets were augmented with synthetic data. ii) The Fréchet inception distance was measured between real and synthetic image distributions. Results show that SPADE outperforms the state-of-the-art Pix2PixHD method in both T1w and T2w modalities. The source code can be accessed on https://github.com/audreyeternal/pediatric-tumor-generation.
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