| 1. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 2. |
- Berndt, Sonja, I, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct germline genetic susceptibility profiles identified for common non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Nature. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 36:12, s. 2835-2844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lymphoma risk is elevated for relatives with common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes, suggesting shared genetic susceptibility across subtypes. To evaluate the extent of mutual heritability among NHL subtypes and discover novel loci shared among subtypes, we analyzed data from eight genome-wide association studies within the InterLymph Consortium, including 10,629 cases and 9505 controls. We utilized Association analysis based on SubSETs (ASSET) to discover loci for subsets of NHL subtypes and evaluated shared heritability across the genome using Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) and polygenic risk scores. We discovered 17 genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10−8) for subsets of NHL subtypes, including a novel locus at 10q23.33 (HHEX) (P = 3.27 × 10−9). Most subset associations were driven primarily by only one subtype. Genome-wide genetic correlations between pairs of subtypes varied broadly from 0.20 to 0.86, suggesting substantial heterogeneity in the extent of shared heritability among subtypes. Polygenic risk score analyses of established loci for different lymphoid malignancies identified strong associations with some NHL subtypes (P < 5 × 10−8), but weak or null associations with others. Although our analyses suggest partially shared heritability and biological pathways, they reveal substantial heterogeneity among NHL subtypes with each having its own distinct germline genetic architecture.
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| 3. |
- Jiang, Xiaoqing, et al.
(författare)
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A solution-processable copper(II) phthalocyanine derivative as a dopant-free hole-transporting material for efficient and stable carbon counter electrode-based perovskite solar cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 5:34, s. 17862-17866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A solution-processable copper(II) phthalocyanine derivative coded as CuPc-TIPS has been synthesized and adopted as a hole-transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), in combination with a mixed-ion perovskite absorber and a low-cost carbon cathode. Optimised PSC devices based on pristine CuPc-TIPS without any additives or dopants show a decent power conversion efficiency of 14.0% (measured at 100 mW cm(-2) illumination, AM 1.5G), together with a good long-termstability under ambient conditions. The present finding highlights the potential of solution-processed copper phthalocyanine derivative-based HTMs for the development of efficient and stable PSCs in the future.
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| 4. |
- Qu, Jishuang, et al.
(författare)
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Improved performance and air stability of perovskite solar cells based on low-cost organic hole-transporting material X60 by incorporating its dicationic salt
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science in China Series B. - : Science Press. - 1674-7291 .- 1869-1870. ; 61:2, s. 172-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of an efficient, stable, and low-cost hole-transporting material (HTM) is of great significance for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) from future commercialization point of view. Herein, we specifically synthesize a dicationic salt of X60 termed X60(TFSI)(2), and adopt it as an effective and stable "doping" agent to replace the previously used lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) for the low-cost organic HTM X60 in PSCs. The incorporation of this dicationic salt significantly increases the hole conductivity of X60 by two orders of magnitude from 10(-6) to 10(-4) S cm(-1). The dramatic enhancement of the conductivity leads to an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.0% measured at 1 sun illumination (100 mW cm(-2), AM 1.5 G), which is comparable to that of the device doped with LiTFSI (19.3%) under an identical condition. More strikingly, by replacing LiTFSI, the PSC devices incorporating X60(TFSI)(2) also show an excellent long-term durability under ambient atmosphere for 30 days, mainly due to the hydrophobic nature of the X60(TFSI)(2) doped HTM layer, which can effectively prevent the moisture destroying the perovskite layer. The present work paves the way for the development of highly efficient, stable, and low-cost HTM for potential commercialization of PSCs.
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| 5. |
- Sun, Jianteng, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 90:9, s. 2388-2395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) along with methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have been frequently identified as natural compounds in marine environment and also assumed as metabolites of PBDEs. In the present study, nine OH-PBDE, nine MeO-PBDE and 10 PBDE congeners were studied in the sewage sludge collected from 36 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 27 cities of China. The results suggest that OH-PBDEs and PBDEs are ubiquitous in sewage sludge in China, however, methoxylated PBDEs were not detectable. Composition profiles of detected OH-PBDE congeners were different depending on the sampling location. ΣOH-PBDEs in WWTPs sludge ranged from 0.04 to 2.24 ng g-1 dry weight (mean: 0.35 ng g-1 dry weight). The total amount of the two most prominent congeners (6-OH-BDE-47+2'-OH-BDE-68) accounted for about 53.3-100% of the sum of all six identified congeners. A significant linear relationship was found between 6-OH-BDE-47 and 2'-OH-BDE-68. A distinct geographical distribution of ΣOH-PBDEs was observed with greater concentrations of OH-PBDEs at coastal areas than inland regions in China.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Longwei, et al.
(författare)
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A Molybdenum Disulfide Nanozyme with Charge-Enhanced Activity for Ultrasound-Mediated Cascade-Catalytic Tumor Ferroptosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 62:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deficient catalytic activity of nanozymes and insufficient endogenous H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are major obstacles for nanozyme-mediated catalytic tumor therapy. Since electron transfer is the basic essence of catalysis-mediated redox reactions, we explored the contributing factors of enzymatic activity based on positive and negative charges, which are experimentally and theoretically demonstrated to enhance the peroxidase (POD)-like activity of a MoS2 nanozyme. Hence, an acidic tumor microenvironment-responsive and ultrasound-mediated cascade nanocatalyst (BTO/MoS2@CA) is presented that is made from few-layer MoS2 nanosheets grown on the surface of piezoelectric tetragonal barium titanate (T-BTO) and modified with pH-responsive cinnamaldehyde (CA). The integration of pH-responsive CA-mediated H2O2 self-supply, ultrasound-mediated charge-enhanced enzymatic activity, and glutathione (GSH) depletion enables out-of-balance redox homeostasis, leading to effective tumor ferroptosis with minimal side effects.
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| 7. |
- Wang, Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluorooctanesulfonate Induces Hepatomegaly and Lipoatrophy in Mice through Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase-Mediated Glyceroneogenesis Inhibition
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2328-8930. ; 7:3, s. 185-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfluorooctansulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that has attracted a great deal of attention due to toxic effects such as its lipid metabolism-disrupting potential. Exposure to PFOS can cause hepatomegaly and lipoatrophy in mice, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Considering that glyceroneogenesis is the essential pathway for balancing the triglyceride (TG) cycle between liver and white adipose tissue (WAT), we speculate that PFOS acts via glyceroneogenesis inhibition to alter TG metabolism in the two tissues. Combining gene expression, protein expression, an enzyme activity assay, and molecular docking analysis, we report here that PFOS can interact with cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), the rate-limiting enzyme of glyceroneogenesis. Specifically, by repression of PEPCK, PFOS can inhibit the glyceroneogenesis process and thus decrease the glyceroneogenesis-derived glycerol level, leading to a reduced re-esterified TG level and causing atrophy in WAT. Moreover, in PFOS-exposed liver tissue, despite the fact that free glycerol and fatty acids released from WAT were being used for TG synthesis, the export of TG slowed. This eventually resulted in the continuous lipolysis of WAT and accumulation of lipid in the liver. PEPCK can be used as a key biomarker to assess the lipid metabolism disorders induced by other conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Thanh, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of short chain chlorinated paraffins in pine needles and bark and their vegetation-air partitioning in urban areas
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 196, s. 309-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have been of considerable concern in recent years due to their high production volumes, environmental persistency and potential for long range atmospheric transport. Vegetation can take up considerable amounts of semivolatile organic compounds from the atmosphere and can act as indicators of local contamination. Paired pine needles and bark were sampled around Beijing during winter and summertime to investigate the distribution of SCCPs in urban areas. Levels in bark samples ranged 5.79-37.5 mu g/g on a lipid normalized basis (lw) with a geometric mean (GM) of 16.9 mu g/g lw whereas levels were 3.03-40.8 (GM 11.8) mu g/g lw for needles. Average congener group abundance profiles showed equal contribution of all four carbon groups (C10-13) in wintertime whereas higher abundances of C-10 and C-11 groups were found during summer. Uptake of SCCPs occurred mainly via kinetically limited gaseous deposition and particle bound deposition in the investigated area.
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| 9. |
- Yu, Miao, et al.
(författare)
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Structure prediction of methyoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) through GC-MS analysis of their corresponding PBDEs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Talanta. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0039-9140 .- 1873-3573. ; 152, s. 9-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is hard to quantify the trace pollutants in the environment without the corresponding reference standards. Structure identifications of unknown organic pollutants are thus of great importance in environmental analysis. As for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) with one substituent of methoxyl group, there are 837 congeners, but only 32 standards are commercially available. In this work, an effective method based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was proposed to predict the potential structures of methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs). The mass fragmentation pattern using SIM mode not only provided the useful information on the substitution position of methoxyl group, the number of Br atoms, but also guaranteed the high sensitivity for trace analysis. Br distribution patterns of the unknown MeO-PBDEs were revealed by a linear regression model with dummy variables which described the retention time relationship between MeO-PBDEs and the corresponding PBDEs on different types of GC columns. This method was successfully used to identify three new MeO-PBDEs metabolites of BDE-28 as 4-MeO-BDE-22, 4'-MeO-BDE-25 and 4-MeO-BDE-31 in the pumpkins. Therefore, the newly developed structure prediction model based on GC-MS behavior is helpful in the evaluation of unknown PBDE metabolites in the environment.
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| 10. |
- Yu, Yawei, et al.
(författare)
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Ferromagnetism with in-plane magnetization, Dirac spin-gapless semiconducting properties, and tunable topological states in two-dimensional rare-earth metal dinitrides
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 105:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the successful synthesis of bulk single crystals MoN2 and ReN2, which have a layered structure, transition-metal dinitrides have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Here, we focus on rare-earth metal (Rem) elements, and propose seven stable Rem dinitride monolayers with a 1T structure, namely, 1T-RemN2. We use first-principles calculations, and find that these monolayers have a ferromagnetic ground state with in-plane magnetization. Without spin-orbit coupling (SOC), the band structures are spin-polarized with Dirac points at the Fermi level. Remarkably, the 1T-LuN2 monolayer exhibits an isotropic magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy in the xy plane with in-plane magnetization, indicating easy tunability of the magnetization direction. When rotating the magnetization vector in the xy plane, we propose a model that accurately describes the variation of the SOC band gap and the two possible topological states (Weyl-like semimetal and Chern insulator states) whose properties are tunable. The Weyl-like semimetal state is a critical point between the two Chern insulator states with opposite sign of the Chern numbers (+/- 1). The nontrivial band gap (up to 60.3 meV) and the Weyl-like semimetal state are promising for applications in spintronic devices.
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