| 1. |
- Daré, Elisabetta, et al.
(författare)
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Methylmercury and H2O2 provoke lysosomal damage in human astrocytoma D384 cells followed by apoptosis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Free Radical Biology & Medicine. - Linköping : Elsevier. - 0891-5849 .- 1873-4596. ; 30:12, s. 1347-1356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxic agent acting via diverse mechanisms, including oxidative stress. MeHg also induces astrocytic dysfunction, which can contribute to neuronal damage. The cellular effects of MeHg were investigated in human astrocytoma D384 cells, with special reference to the induction of oxidative-stress-related events. Lysosomal rupture was detected after short MeHg-exposure (1 μM, 1 h) in cells maintaining plasma membrane integrity. Disruption of lysosomes was also observed after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure (100 μM, 1 h), supporting the hypothesis that lysosomal membranes represent a possible target of agents causing oxidative stress. The lysosomal alterations induced by MeHg and H2O2 preceded a decrease of the mitochondrial potential. At later time points, both toxic agents caused the appearance of cells with apoptotic morphology, chromatin condensation, and regular DNA fragmentation. However, MeHg and H2O2 stimulated divergent pathways, with caspases being activated only by H2O2. The caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk did not prevent DNA fragmentation induced by H2O2, suggesting that the formation of high-molecular-weight DNA fragments was caspase independent with both MeHg and H2O2. The data point to the possibility that lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes act as executor factors in D384 cell death induced by oxidative stress.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Maria E, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Innate immune receptor NOD2 promotes vascular inflammation and formation of lipid-rich necrotic cores in hypercholesterolemic mice
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 44:10, s. 3081-3092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease associated with the activation of innate immune TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)like receptor pathways. However, the function of most innate immune receptors in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we show that NOD2 is a crucial innate immune receptor influencing vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis severity. 10-week stimulation with muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the NOD2 cognate ligand, aggravated atherosclerosis, as indicated by the augmented lesion burden, increased vascular inflammation and enlarged lipid-rich necrotic cores in Ldlr(-/-) mice. Myeloid-specific ablation of NOD2, but not its downstream kinase, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2, restrained the expansion of the lipid-rich necrotic core in Ldlr(-/-) chimeric mice. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with MDP enhanced the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and impaired cholesterol efflux in concordance with upregulation of scavenger receptor A1/2 and downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Ex vivo stimulation of human carotid plaques with MDP led to increased activation of inflammatory signaling pathways p38 MAPK and NF-kappa B-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines. Altogether, this study suggests that NOD2 contributes to the expansion of the lipid-rich necrotic core and promotes vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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| 3. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Autophagy dysfunction and regulatory cystatin C in macrophage death of atherosclerosis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1582-1838 .- 1582-4934. ; 20:9, s. 1664-1672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autophagy dysfunction in mouse atherosclerosis models has been associated with increased lipid accumulation, apoptosis and inflammation. Expression of cystatin C (CysC) is decreased in human atheroma, and CysC deficiency enhances atherosclerosis in mice. Here, we first investigated the association of autophagy and CysC expression levels with atheroma plaque severity in human atherosclerotic lesions. We found that autophagy proteins Atg5 and LC3β in advanced human carotid atherosclerotic lesions are decreased, while markers of dysfunctional autophagy p62/SQSTM1 and ubiquitin are increased together with elevated levels of lipid accumulation and apoptosis. The expressions of LC3β and Atg5 were positively associated with CysC expression. Second, we investigated whether CysC expression is involved in autophagy in atherosclerotic apoE-deficient mice, demonstrating that CysC deficiency (CysC-/-) in these mice results in reduction of Atg5 and LC3β levels and induction of apoptosis. Third, macrophages isolated from CysC-/- mice displayed increased levels of p62/SQSTM1 and higher sensitivity to 7-oxysterol-mediated lysosomal membrane destabilization and apoptosis. Finally, CysC treatment minimized oxysterol-mediated cellular lipid accumulation. We conclude that autophagy dysfunction is a characteristic of advanced human atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with reduced levels of CysC. The deficiency of CysC causes autophagy dysfunction and apoptosis in macrophages and apoE-deficient mice. The results indicate that CysC plays an important regulatory role in combating cell death via the autophagic pathway in atherosclerosis. Copyright
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| 4. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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CD74 in Apoptotic Macrophages Is Associated with Inflammation, Plaque Progression and Clinical Manifestations in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2218-1989 .- 2218-1989. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether CD74 levels in atherosclerotic lesions are associated with inflammation, apoptosis, plaque severity, and clinical symptoms among patients with carotid atherosclerosis. We further studied whether CD74 expression is associated with apoptosis in macrophages induced by 7ketocholesterol (7keto). Sixty-one carotid samples (39 males and 22 females) were immunostained with macrophages, smooth muscle cells, CD74, ferritin, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling), and thrombin receptors. Double immunocytochemistry of CD74 and caspase 3 or CD74 and Annexin V was performed on THP-1 macrophages exposed to 7keto. In human carotid plaques, CD74 expression is lesion-dependently increased and is associated with necrotic core formation and plaque rupture, clinical symptoms, macrophage apoptosis, ferritin, and thrombin receptors. CD74 levels were inversely correlated to high-density lipoproteins and statin treatment, and positively correlated to triglycerides. In THP-1 macrophages, 7keto induced a significant increase in levels of CD74, ferritin, and apoptotic cell death. This study suggests that CD74 in apoptotic macrophages is linked to inflammation and thrombosis in progression of human atherosclerotic plaques, lipid metabolism, and clinical manifestation in atherosclerosis. Surface CD74 in apoptotic macrophages and ferritin production induced by oxidized lipids may contribute to inflammation and plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis.
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| 5. |
- Bjerg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Shorter time to clinical decision in work-related asthma using a digital tool
- 2020
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Ingår i: ERJ open research. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PEF curves are a useful but cumbersome tool in diagnosing work-related asthma. Using a digital spirometer and smartphone app, time to clinical decision could be shortened by 6-7 weeks. Physician's time spent analysing PEF data is also shortened.
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| 6. |
- Eckersley, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Peptide location fingerprinting identifies species- and tissue-conserved structural remodelling of proteins as a consequence of ageing and disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Matrix Biology. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0945-053X .- 1569-1802. ; 114, s. 108-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular matrices (ECMs) in the intervertebral disc (IVD), lung and artery are thought to undergo age-dependant accumulation of damage by chronic exposure to mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species, proteases and glycation. It is unknown whether this damage accumulation is species-dependant (via differing lifespans and hence cumulative exposures) or whether it can influence the progression of age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis. Peptide location fingerprinting (PLF) is a new proteomic analysis method, capable of the non-targeted identification of structure-associated changes within proteins. Here we applied PLF to publicly available ageing human IVD (outer annulus fibrosus), ageing mouse lung and human arterial atherosclerosis datasets and bioinformatically identified novel target proteins alongside common age-associated differences within protein structures which were conserved between three ECM-rich organs, two species, three IVD tissue regions, sexes and in an age-related disease. We identify peptide yield differences across protein structures which coincide with biological regions, potentially reflecting the functional consequences of ageing or atherosclerosis for macromolecular assemblies (collagen VI), enzyme/inhibitor activity (alpha-2 macroglobulin), activation states (complement C3) and interaction states (laminins, perlecan, fibronectin, filamin-A, collagen XIV and apolipoprotein-B). Furthermore, we show that alpha-2 macroglobulin and collagen XIV exhibit possible shared structural consequences in IVD ageing and arterial atherosclerosis, providing novel links between an age-related disease and intrinsic ageing. Crucially, we also demonstrate that fibronectin, laminin beta chains and filamin-A all exhibit conserved age-associated structural differences between mouse lung and human IVD, providing evidence that ECM, and their associating proteins, may be subjected to potentially similar mechanisms or consequences of ageing across both species, irrespective of differences in lifespan and tissue function. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Imidacloprid Induces Lysosomal Dysfunction and Cell Death in Human Astrocytes and Fibroblasts-Environmental Implication of a Clinical Case Report
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 12:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imidacloprid (IMI), a neonicotinoid insecticide, has potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human and experimental models, respectively. While being an emerging environmental contaminant, occupational exposure and related cellular mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we were motivated by a specific patient case where occupational exposure to an IMI-containing plant protection product was associated with the diagnosis of Bell's palsy. The aim was to investigate the toxic effects and cellular mechanisms of IMI exposure on glial cells (D384 human astrocytes) and on human fibroblasts (AG01518). IMI-treated astrocytes showed a reduction in cell number and dose-dependent cytotoxicity at 24 h. Lower doses of IMI induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lysosomal membrane permeabilisation (LMP), causing apoptosis and autophagic dysfunction, while high doses caused significant necrotic cell death. Using normal fibroblasts, we found that IMI-induced autophagic dysfunction and lysosomal damage, activated lysophagy, and resulted in a compensatory increase in lysosomes. In conclusion, the observed IMI-induced effects on human glial cells and fibroblasts provide a possible link between IMI cytotoxicity and neurological complications observed clinically in the patient exposed to this neonicotinoid insecticide.
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| 8. |
- Ghosh, Moumita, et al.
(författare)
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Lysosomal membrane permeabilization causes oxidative stress and ferritin induction in macrophages
- 2011
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Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 585:4, s. 623-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moderate lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is an important inducer of apoptosis. Macrophages are professional scavengers and are rich in hydrolytic enzymes and iron. In the present study, we found that LMP by lysosomotropic detergent MSDH resulted in early up-regulation of lysosomal cathepsins, oxidative stress and ferritin up-regulation, and cell death. Lysosomotropic base NH(4)Cl reduced the ferritin induction and oxidative stress in apoptotic cells induced by MSDH. Cysteine cathepsin inhibitors significantly protected cell death and oxidative stress, but had less effect on ferritin induction. We conclude that oxidative stress induced by lysosomal rupture causes ferritin induction with concomitant mitochondrial damage, which are the potential target for prevention of cellular oxidative stress and cell death induced by typical lysosomotropic substances in different disorders.
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| 9. |
- Han, Y., et al.
(författare)
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X-Radiation Induces Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Apoptosis by Upregulation of Axin Expression
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3016. ; 75:2, s. 518-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Axis inhibition (Axin) is an important negative regulator of the Wnt pathway. This study investigated the relationship between Axin expression and sensitivity to X-rays in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to find a useful indicator of radiosensitivity. Methods and Materials: Tissue from NSCLC patients, A549 cells, and BE1 cells expressing Axin were exposed to 1-Gy of X-radiation. Axin and p53 expression levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assay and FACS (fluorescence-activate cell sorter) analysis. Caspase-3 activity was determined by Western blotting. Phospho-JNK expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Results: The expression of Axin was significantly lower in NSCLC tissues than in normal lung tissues (p less than 0.05). Axin expression correlates with differentiation, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC (p less than 0.05). Its expression negatively correlates with the expression of p53(mt) (p=0.000) and positively correlates with apoptosis (p=0.002). The prognosis of patients with high expression of Axin was better than those with low expression. X-radiation increases Axin expression in NSCLC tissue, and caspase-3 is significantly higher in samples in which Axin is increased (p less than 0.05). Both X-radiation and Axin induce apoptosis of A549 and BE1 cells; however, the combination of the two enhances the apoptotic effect (p less than 0.05). In A549 cells, inhibition of p53 blocks Axin-induced apoptosis, whereas in BE1 cells, the JNK pathway is required. Conclusions: Axin induces the p53 apoptotic pathway in cells where this pathway is intact; however, in cells expressing p53(mt), Axin induces apoptosis via the JNK pathway. Elevated Axin expression following X-ray exposure is a reliable indicator for determining the radiosensitivity of NSCLC.
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| 10. |
- Laskar, Amit, 1984-
(författare)
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Cell response to imaging contrast agents suggested for atherosclerotic plaque imaging
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Oxysterols are the major cytotoxic components of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) that accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques. Their uptake by macrophages ensue foam cell formation, atherogenesis and plaque progression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has grown as a modality to track such intra-plaque developments by using intracellular contrast agents. The focus of this study was to evaluate the effects of two contrast agents; manganese based mangafodipir (TeslascanTM) and iron based super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION, ResovistTM) on cell functions and examined their interaction with oxysterol laden cells.Mangafodipir has antioxidant property and provides protection against oxidative stress. The chemical structure of mangafodipir comprises of organic ligand fodipir (Dipyridoxyl diphosphate, Dp-dp) and Mn (manganese). Mangafodipir is readily metabolized within the body to manganese dipyridoxyl ethyldiamine (MnPLED) after an intravenous injection. MnPLED has superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity, and Dp-dp has iron chelating effects. The second contrast agent tested in this study is ResovistTM. These SPION are primarily ingested by macrophages and accumulated in lysosomes where they are gradually degraded ensuing increased cellular iron.In paper I, we examined whether the above-noted effects of mangafodipir could be utilized to prevent 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7βOH) induced cell death. We found that mangafodipir prevents 7βOH induced cell death by attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by preserving lysosomal membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential.The second part of this study (paper II) was designed to identify the pharmacologically active part of mangafodipir, which exerts the above-noted effects. We compared the activity of parent compound (mangafodipir) with MnPLED and Dp-dp. We found that mangafodipir; MnPLED and Dp-dp provide similar cyto-protection against 7βOH induced cell death. These results suggest that MnPLED and Dp-dp both contribute to the pharmacologically active part of mangafodipir.In paper III, we aimed to examine the interaction of SPION with monocytes and macrophages exposed or not to atheroma relevant oxysterols. We demonstrate that SPION loading up-regulates cellular levels of cathepsin and ferritin and induces membranous ferroportin expression. Additionally, SPION incites secretion of ferritin and both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, exposure to oxysterols resulted in a reduced SPION uptake by cells, which may lead to inefficient targeting of such cells. Although SPION uptake was reduced, the ingested amounts significantly up-regulated the expression of 7βOH induced cathepsin B, cathepsin L and ferritin in cells, which may further aggravate atherogenesis.The fourth part of the study (paper IV) was designed to examine the interaction of SPION with macrophage subtypes and compare the cellular effects of coated and uncoated iron-oxide nanoparticles. We found that iron in SPION induces a phenotypic shift in THP1 M2 macrophages towards a macrophage subtype characterized by upregulated intracellular levels of CD86, ferritin and cathepsin L. Differential levels of these proteins among macrophage subtypes might be important to sustain a functional plasticity. Additionally, uncoated iron-oxide nanoparticles induced dose dependent cell death in macrophages, which elucidates the potential cyto-toxicity of iron in iron-oxide nanoparticles.In conclusion, evidence is provided in this study that intracellular MRI contrast agents have the potential to modulate cell functions. The study reveals a therapeutic potential of mangafodipir, which could be utilized for future development of contrast agents with both diagnostic and curative potentials. Additionally, we found that surface coating in SPION may provide cell tolerance to iron toxicity by modulation of cellular iron metabolism and cell functions. Such alterations in cellular metabolism call for careful monitoring and also highlight new concepts for development of iron containing nanoparticles. A reduced uptake of SPION by atheroma relevant cells justifies development of functionalized SPION to target such cells in atherosclerotic plaques.
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