| 1. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gao, Pengyan, et al.
(författare)
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Construction of unique NiCoP/FeNiCoP hollow heterostructured ellipsoids with modulated electronic structure for enhanced overall water splitting
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 666, s. 403-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition metal phosphides have been demonstrated to be promising non -noble catalysts for water splitting, yet their electrocatalytic performance is impeded by unfavorable free energies of adsorbed intermediates. The achievement of nanoscale modulation in morphology and electronic states is imperative for enhancing their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. Herein, we propose a strategy to expedite the water splitting process over NiCoP/FeNiCoP hollow ellipsoids by modulating the electronic structure and d -band center. These unique phosphorus (P) vacancies -rich ellipsoids are synthesized through an ion -exchange reaction between uniform NiCo-nanoprisms and K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ], followed by NaH 2 PO 2 -assisted phosphorization under N 2 atmosphere. Various characterizations reveals that the titled catalyst possesses high specific surface area, abundant porosity, and accessible inner surfaces, all of which are beneficial for efficient mass transfer and gas diffusion. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirms that the NiCoP/FeNiCoP heterojunction associated with P vacancies regulate the electronic structures of d -electrons and p -electrons of Co and P atoms, respectively, resulting in a higher desorption efficiency of adsorbed H* intermediates with a lower energy barrier for water splitting. Due to the aforementioned advantages, the resultant NiCoP/FeNiCoP hollow ellipsoids exhibit remarkably low overpotentials of 45 and 266 mV for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction to achieve the current densities of 10 and 50 mA cm -2 , respectively. This work not only reports the synthesis of a hollow double -shell structure of NiCoP/FeNiCoP but also introduces a novel strategy for constructing a multifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting.
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| 4. |
- Ruan, Can, et al.
(författare)
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Combustion of micron-sized Al-Mg alloy wires in hot H2O/O2/N2 flows
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fuel. - 0016-2361. ; 357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of aluminum-magnesium (Al-Mg) alloy particle as energetic additive in solid propellants was previously shown to have many advantages over pure Al particle, such as relatively low ignition temperature, high reaction rate and low particle agglomeration rate. In this paper, the combustion of Al-Mg alloy in hot H2O/O2/N2 flows was experimentally studied using wires with a diameter of 200 µm. The employment of wires instead of particles provided a unique opportunity to obtain fundamental insights into the combustion process due to the spatial stabilization and large size of the sample. High-speed imaging showed that the combustion of Al-Mg alloy wire could be divided into three stages, namely pre-heating, ignition, and combustion. Spectral measurements suggested that the chemiluminescence emissions from Mg, MgO and MgOH dominated the collected spectra, in spite of only 3% Mg (by weight) existed in the alloy. Additionally, it was observed that moderate gaseous reactions could occur well before the breakup of the passive oxide coating, generating obvious fine oxide smokes. Moreover, consumption rates of the wire in different hot oxidizers were obtained and compared. It was shown that O2 featured more significant promotion of the reaction than H2O. Nevertheless, without O2, much less metal-oxide particles were generated. Temperature measurements indicated that the ignition temperature lied within 2160 ∼ 2220 K, which was lower than the melting points of Al2O3 (2350 K) and MgO (3125 K). Large single burning Al-Mg alloy droplets (∼200 µm diameter) were generated after the micro-explosion inside the wire. It was found that the combustion of Al-Mg alloy in both H2O/O2/N2 and H2O/N2 atmospheres were diffusion-controlled with a stand-off distance around 150 µm (stand-off ratios at ∼ 1.3). Finally, SEM and EDS measurements revealed that Al, Mg and O elements coexisted on the surface of the burnt wires. Nevertheless, it was observed that the oxidization of Mg started before Al, and the reaction of alloy was more intense when O2 existed. This led to the generation of much thicker oxide layers and larger number of nanoparticles.
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| 5. |
- Yin, Xu-Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Solving independent set problems with photonic quantum circuits
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An independent set (IS) is a set of vertices in a graph such that no edge connects any two vertices. In adiabatic quantum computation [E. Farhi, et al., Science 292, 472–475 (2001); A. Das, B. K. Chakrabarti, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1061–1081 (2008)], a given graph G(V, E) can be naturally mapped onto a many-body Hamiltonian , with edges ? being the two-body interactions between adjacent vertices ?. Thus, solving the IS problem is equivalent to finding all the computational basis ground states of . Very recently, non-Abelian adiabatic mixing (NAAM) has been proposed to address this task, exploiting an emergent non-Abelian gauge symmetry of [B. Wu, H. Yu, F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. A 101, 012318 (2020)]. Here, we solve a representative IS problem ?(8,7) by simulating the NAAM digitally using a linear optical quantum network, consisting of three C-Phase gates, four deterministic two-qubit gate arrays (DGA), and ten single rotation gates. The maximum IS has been successfully identified with sufficient Trotterization steps and a carefully chosen evolution path. Remarkably, we find IS with a total probability of 0.875(16), among which the nontrivial ones have a considerable weight of about 31.4%. Our experiment demonstrates the potential advantage of NAAM for solving IS-equivalent problems.
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