| 1. |
- Meng, Linghui, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular target organ damage could have been detected in sustained pediatric hypertension
- 2015
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 24:5, s. 284-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess sustained hypertension in children and its impact on cardiovascular target organ damage (TOD). Blood pressure (BP) was measured in children in Beijing in 2009. Primary hypertension was diagnosed based on three separate visits. Hypertensive children and normotensive children were followed up in 2011. According to these evaluations, three groups were defined: sustained hypertension, non-sustained hypertension and normotensive. Cardiovascular TOD and metabolic disorders were evaluated using pulse-wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and assessments of left ventricular structure and kidney function. A total of 3032 children aged 9-15 years participated in this survey, of whom 128 were diagnosed with hypertension after three separate BP measurements. Eighty out of 128 (62.5%) hypertensive and 158 normotensive children were available for follow-up in 2011. Forty-eight children were defined as having sustained hypertension, 38 as non-sustained hypertension and 152 as normotensive. Mean levels of brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and cIMT were significantly different between the three groups (p < 0.01). Compared to normotensives, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for elevated LVM and cIMT were 5.27 (1.57-17.66) and 2.88 (1.03-8.09) in the non-sustained hypertensive group, and 3.28 (1.00-10.74) and 7.25 (2.69-19.58) in the sustained hypertensive group. The children with sustained hypertension have the highest risk of developing arterial stiffness, left ventricular hypertrophy and early blood vessel endothelium damage. The indices of cIMT, LVMI and PWV were useful to identify children at high risk of cardiovascular TOD.
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| 2. |
- Needham, Jessica F., et al.
(författare)
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Demographic composition, not demographic diversity, predicts biomass and turnover across temperate and tropical forests
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 28, s. 2895-2909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth and survival of individual trees determine the physical structure of a forest with important consequences for forest function. However, given the diversity of tree species and forest biomes, quantifying the multitude of demographic strategies within and across forests and the way that they translate into forest structure and function remains a significant challenge. Here, we quantify the demographic rates of 1961 tree species from temperate and tropical forests and evaluate how demographic diversity (DD) and demographic composition (DC) differ across forests, and how these differences in demography relate to species richness, aboveground biomass (AGB), and carbon residence time. We find wide variation in DD and DC across forest plots, patterns that are not explained by species richness or climate variables alone. There is no evidence that DD has an effect on either AGB or carbon residence time. Rather, the DC of forests, specifically the relative abundance of large statured species, predicted both biomass and carbon residence time. Our results demonstrate the distinct DCs of globally distributed forests, reflecting biogeography, recent history, and current plot conditions. Linking the DC of forests to resilience or vulnerability to climate change, will improve the precision and accuracy of predictions of future forest composition, structure, and function.
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