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- Jakariya, Md., et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable safe water options in Bangladesh : experiences from the Arsenic Project at Matlab (AsMat)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Natural Arsenic in Groundwater. - LEIDEN : A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS. - 041536700X ; , s. 319-330
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of elevated levels of naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater of Bangladesh, has severely impaired the decade long effort of providing safe water to nearly 98% of its population and putting an estimated 3 5 million people-nearly one fourth of the total population at risk. In order to address this problem, a project titled "Arsenic in tubewell (TW) water and health consequences in Matlab Upazila of Chandpur district (AsMat)" is being implemented jointly by ICDDR,B and BRAC. During this study. all the TWs in Matlab have been assigned unique identification numbers, with marked GPS coordinates, depth, and age. It is estimated that nearly 65% of the about 13,000 TWs in Matlab have As concentrations above the Bangladesh drinking water standard (50 mu g/L). In order to minimize arsenic exposure, a work to provide various alternate safe drinking water options to the exposed population has been initiated. As of March 2004, about 1047 different alternate safe water options, such as Pond Sand Filter (PSF), Rainwater Harvester (RWH) and different filters to remove arsenic as well as pathogenic bacteria, were distributed among the targeted exposed population in Matlab. To ensure sustainable use, the provided options were assessed based on community acceptability, technical viability, and financial viability.
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- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Din, Mohd Fadhil Md, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Bio-PORec (R) system for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production and its storage in mixed cultures of palm oil mill effluent (POME)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 124, s. 208-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High PHA production and storage using palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated using a laboratory batch Bio-PORec (R) system under aerobic-feeding conditions. Results showed that maximum PHA was obtained at a specific rate (q(p)) of 0.343 C-mol/C-mol h when air was supplied at 20 ml/min. The PHA yield was found to be 0.80 C-mol/C-mol acetic acid (HAc) at microaerophilic condition and the mass balance calculation showed that PHA production increased up to 15.68 +/- 2.15 C-mmol/cycle. The experiments showed that short feeding rate, limited requirements for electron acceptors (e.g. O-2, NO3) and nutrients (N and P) showed lower tendency of glycogen accumulation and contributed more to PHA productivity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Khan, Ashraful Islam, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of exclusive breastfeeding intervention on child growth and body composition : the MINIMat trial, Bangladesh
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:8, s. 815-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months is recommended for optimal infant health, but the evidence for longer-term impacts is weak. We examined whether randomization to receive EBF counselling (BFC) in rural Bangladeshi women had an impact on childhood growth trajectories and body composition.METHODS:In the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab trial, 4436 pregnant women were randomized to six equally sized, food and micronutrient groups. Of these, 3214 were randomized during the last trimester of pregnancy to receive either BFC or the usual/standard health message (UHM). Their infants were extensively followed up, with anthropometric measurements between 0 and 54 months and assessment of body composition at 54 months.RESULTS:The mean duration of EBF in the BFC group was 111 days compared to 76 days in the UHM group (mean difference: 35.0 days, 95% CI 30.6-39.5, p < 0.001). There was no difference in growth trajectories between the BFC and UHM groups and no difference in body composition at 54 months. Children exposed to prenatal multiple micronutrients (vs 60 mg iron and folate) combined with BFC (vs UHM), however, had slower linear growth (mean difference -0.17 SD score, p < 0.01).CONCLUSION:Exclusive breastfeeding counselling resulted in neither differential growth trajectories in infancy and childhood, nor body composition differences at 54 months. The combination of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) and BFC was unfavourable for linear growth during 0-54 months, which raises questions about possible negative effects of MMS.
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| 7. |
- Khan, Ashraful Islam, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child growth from birth to 54 months of age : a randomized trial in Bangladesh
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 10, s. 134-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information on the optimal timing of food supplementation to malnourished pregnant women and possible combined effects of food and multiple micronutrient supplementations (MMS) on their offspring's growth. We evaluated the effects of prenatal food and micronutrient interventions on postnatal child growth. The hypothesis was that prenatal MMS and early invitation to food supplementation would increase physical growth in the offspring during 0-54 months and a combination of these interventions would further improve these outcomes. METHODS: In the large, randomized MINIMat trial (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab), Bangladesh, 4436 pregnant women were enrolled between November 2001 and October 2003 and their children were followed until March 2009. Participants were randomized into six groups comprising 30 mg Fe and 400 ug folic acid (Fe30F), 60 mg Fe and 400 ug folic acid (Fe60F) or MMS combined with either an early (immediately after identification of pregnancy) or a later usual (at the time of their choosing, i.e., usual care in this community) program invitation to food supplementation. The anthropometry of 3267 children was followed from birth to 54 months, and 2735 children were available for analysis at 54 months. RESULTS: There were no differences in characteristics of mothers and households among the different intervention groups. The average birth weight was 2694 g and birth length was 47.7 cm, with no difference among intervention groups. Early invitation to food supplementation (in comparison with usual invitation) reduced the proportion of stunting from early infancy up to 54 months for boys (p=0.01), but not for girls (p=0.31). MMS resulted in more stunting than standard Fe60F (p=0.02). There was no interaction between the food and micronutrient supplementation on the growth outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Early food supplementation in pregnancy reduced the occurrence of stunting during 0-54 months in boys, but not in girls, and prenatal MMS increased the proportion of stunting in boys. These effects on postnatal growth suggest programming effects in early fetal life. The study is registered as an International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN16581394.
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- Persson, Lars-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Prenatal Micronutrient and Early Food Supplementation on Maternal Hemoglobin, Birth Weight, and Infant Mortality Among Children in Bangladesh : The MINIMat Randomized Trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 307:19, s. 2050-2059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Nutritional insult in fetal life and small size at birth are common in low-income countries and are associated with serious health consequences. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) and an early invitation to food supplementation would increase maternal hemoglobin level and birth weight and decrease infant mortality, and to assess whether a combination of these interventions would further enhance these outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: A randomized trial with a factorial design in Matlab, Bangladesh, of 4436 pregnant women, recruited between November 11, 2001, and October 30, 2003, with follow-up until June 23, 2009. Interventions: Participants were randomized into 6 groups; a double-masked supplementation with capsules of 30 mg of iron and 400 mu g of folic acid, 60 mg of iron and 400 mu g of folic acid, or MMS containing a daily allowance of 15 micronutrients, including 30 mg of iron and 400 mu g of folic acid, was combined with food supplementation (608 kcal 6 days per week) randomized to either early invitation (9 weeks' gestation) or usual invitation (20 weeks' gestation). Main Outcome Measures: Maternal hemoglobin level at 30 weeks' gestation, birth weight, and infant mortality. Under 5-year mortality was also assessed. Results: Adjusted maternal hemoglobin level at 30 weeks' gestation was 115.0 g/L(95% CI, 114.4-115.5 g/L), with no significant differences among micronutrient groups. Mean maternal hemoglobin level was lower in the early vs usual invitation groups (114.5 vs 115.4 g/L; difference, -0.9 g/L; 95% CI, -1.7 to -0.1; P=.04). There were 3625 live births out of 4436 pregnancies. Mean birth weight among 3267 singletons was 2694 g(95% CI, 2680-2708 g), with no significant differences among groups. The early invitation with MMS group had an infant mortality rate of 16.8 per 1000 live births vs 44.1 per 1000 live births for usual invitation with 60 mg of iron and 400 mu g of folic acid (hazard ratio [HR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18-0.78). Early invitation with MMS group had an under 5-year mortality rate of 18 per 1000 live births (54 per 1000 live births for usual invitation with 60 mg of iron and 400 mu g of folic acid; HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18-0.65). Usual invitation with MMS group had the highest incidence of spontaneous abortions and the highest infant mortality rate. Conclusion: Among pregnant women in poor communities in Bangladesh, treatment with multiple micronutrients, including iron and folic acid combined with early food supplementation, vs a standard program that included treatment with iron and folic acid and usual food supplementation, resulted in decreased childhood mortality.
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