| 1. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation to abiotic stress factors and their effects on cereal and psuedocereal grain quality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Developing Sustainable and Health Promoting Cereals and Pseudocereals : Conventional and Molecular Breeding. - 9780323905664 ; , s. 339-358
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cereals and pseudocereals act as staple food crops in various regions of the world, with major contribution to human energy and nutrition. They are consumed primarily as bread, porridge, pancakes, or as whole grain alternatives. Quality of these crops is either related to the end uses or to their content of nutritionally important components. Abiotic stress has an influence on the physiological development of the plant, with in general a negative impact on yield, by severe effects from certain stresses on specific timings of the growth cycle. The impact on plant development also influences the uptake, transport, and storage of various compounds in the plant, and thus, also grain quality. Emerging novel technologies allow comparisons of large sets of phenotypic and genotypic data and development of markers useful for selection of suitable genotypes. Pyramiding genes for tolerance to a combination of abiotic stresses is a necessity for crops securing food to the coming generations.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Alien introgression to wheat for food security: functional and nutritional quality for novel products under climate change
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - 2296-861X. ; 11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crop yield and quality has increased globally during recent decades due to plant breeding, resulting in improved food security. However, climate change and shifts in human dietary habits and preferences display novel pressure on crop production to deliver enough quantity and quality to secure food for future generations. This review paper describes the current state-of-the-art and presents innovative approaches related to alien introgressions into wheat, focusing on aspects related to quality, functional characteristics, nutritional attributes, and development of novel food products. The benefits and opportunities that the novel and traditional plant breeding methods contribute to using alien germplasm in plant breeding are also discussed. In principle, gene introgressions from rye have been the most widely utilized alien gene source for wheat. Furthermore, the incorporation of novel resistance genes toward diseases and pests have been the most transferred type of genes into the wheat genome. The incorporation of novel resistance genes toward diseases and pests into the wheat genome is important in breeding for increased food security. Alien introgressions to wheat from e.g. rye and Aegilops spp. have also contributed to improved nutritional and functional quality. Recent studies have shown that introgressions to wheat of genes from chromosome 3 in rye have an impact on both yield, nutritional and functional quality, and quality stability during drought treatment, another character of high importance for food security under climate change scenarios. Additionally, the introgression of alien genes into wheat has the potential to improve the nutritional profiles of future food products, by contributing higher minerals levels or lower levels of anti-nutritional compounds into e.g., plant-based products substituting animal-based food alternatives. To conclude, the present review paper highlights great opportunities and shows a few examples of how food security and functional-nutritional quality in traditional and novel wheat products can be improved by the use of genes from alien sources, such as rye and other relatives to wheat. Novel and upcoming plant breeding methods such as genome-wide association studies, gene editing, genomic selection and speed breeding, have the potential to complement traditional technologies to keep pace with climate change and consumer eating habits.
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| 3. |
- Yuzhou, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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Chasing high and stable wheat grain mineral content: Mining diverse spring genotypes under induced drought stress
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change-induced drought has an effect on the nutritional quality of wheat. Here, the impact of drought at different plant stages on mineral content in mature wheat was evaluated in 30 spring-wheat lines of diverse backgrounds (modern, old and wheat-rye-introgressions). Genotypes with rye chromosome 3R introgression showed a high accumulation of several important minerals, including Zn and Fe, and these also showed stability across drought conditions. High Se content was found in genotypes with chromosome 1R. Old cultivars (K, Mg, Na, P and S) and 2R introgression lines (Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg and Na) demonstrated high mineral yield at early and late drought, respectively. Based on the low nutritional value often reported for modern wheat and negative climate effects on the stability of mineral content and yield, genes conferring high Zn/Fe, Se, and stable mineral yield under drought at various plant stages should be explicitly explored among 3R, 1R, old and 2R genotypes, respectively.
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| 4. |
- Yuzhou, Lan
(författare)
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Chromatin remodeling analysis reveals the RdDM pathway responds to low-phosphorus stress in maize
- 2024
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Ingår i: Plant Journal. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 117, s. 33-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromatin in eukaryotes folds into a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure that is essential for controlling gene expression and cellular function and is dynamically regulated in biological processes. Studies on plant phosphorus signaling have concentrated on single genes and gene interactions. It is critical to expand the existing signaling pathway in terms of its 3D structure. In this study, low-Pi treatment led to greater chromatin volume. Furthermore, low-Pi stress increased the insulation score and the number of TAD-like domains, but the effects on the A/B compartment were not obvious. The methylation levels of target sites (hereafter as RdDM levels) peaked at specific TAD-like boundaries, whereas RdDM peak levels at conserved TAD-like boundaries shifted and decreased sharply. The distribution pattern of RdDM sites originating from the Helitron transposons matched that of genome-wide RdDM sites near TAD-like boundaries. RdDM pathway genes were upregulated in the middle or early stages and downregulated in the later stages under low-Pi conditions. The RdDM pathway mutant ddm1a showed increased tolerance to low-Pi stress, with shortened and thickened roots contributing to higher Pi uptake from the shallow soil layer. ChIP-seq results revealed that ZmDDM1A could bind to Pi- and root development-related genes. Strong associations were found between interacting genes in significantly different chromatin-interaction regions and root traits. These findings not only expand the mechanisms by which plants respond to low-Pi stress through the RdDM pathway but also offer a crucial framework for the analysis of biological issues using 3D genomics.
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| 5. |
- Yuzhou, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change Impact on Wheat Performance-Effects on Vigour, Plant Traits and Yield from Early and Late Drought Stress in Diverse Lines
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global climate change is threatening wheat productivity; improved yield under drought conditions is urgent. Here, diverse spring-wheat lines (modern, old and wheat-rye introgressions) were examined in an image-based early-vigour assay and a controlled-conditions (Biotron) trial that evaluated 13 traits until maturity. Early root vigour was significantly higher in the old Swedish lines (root length 8.50 cm) and introgressed lines with 1R (11.78 cm) and 1RS (9.91 cm) than in the modern (4.20 cm) and 2R (4.67 cm) lines. No significant correlation was noted between early root and shoot vigour. A higher yield was obtained under early drought stress in the 3R genotypes than in the other genotype groups, while no clear patterns were noted under late drought. Evaluating the top 10% of genotypes in terms of the stress-tolerance index for yield showed that root biomass, grains and spikes per plant were accountable for tolerance to early drought, while 1000-grain weight and flag-leaf area were accountable for tolerance to late drought. Early root vigour was determined as an important focus trait of wheat breeding for tolerance to climate-change-induced drought. The responsible genes for the trait should be searched for in these diverse lines. Additional drought-tolerance traits determined here need further elaboration to identify the responsible genes.
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| 6. |
- Yuzhou, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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Combating heavy metals in wheat grains under drought - is alien or ancient germplasm a solution to secure food and health?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. - 2666-1543. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alien and ancient wheat germplasms have been utilized to combat diseases and improve yield performance under climate change. However, the potential risk of excessive heavy metal uptake with these germplasms has been less studied. In order to ensure food security, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in 30 wheat lines, including modern, old and wheat-rye introgression genotypes grown under three conditions i.e., control, early drought and late drought. The results of this study revealed a generally higher Cd grain accumulation in old and 1R genotypes than in the other genotype groups evaluated here, while old genotypes also showed an excess Pb grain concentration. The induced late drought resulted in an increased Cd uptake in wheat, leading to significantly elevated grain Cd concentration in modern, 1R, 1RS and 2R genotypes, while similar results were not obtained for the other heavy metals e.g. Pb or Hg. Specifically, an old genotype, 207, showed an extremely high Cd value across control and drought conditions. There was a greater genotypic variation in Pb concentration compared to Cd, while consistently high Hg concentrations were observed in several genotypes carrying 1R or 1RS. Some wheat-rye introgression genotypes, particularly those with the 3R chromosome, showed a low Cd accumulation across all treatments. The results from the present study pin-point the necessity of a rigorous assessment of heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain when utilizing ancient and alien genetic resources in breeding for disease resistance, and wheat resilience to environmental stress and climate change. Furthermore, the specific lines identified in this study with elevated heavy metal accumulation should be avoided in breeding programs. Additionally, mechanisms for the found differences in heavy metals accumulation among genotypes and treatments should be further revealed.
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| 7. |
- Yuzhou, Lan
(författare)
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Dissection of drought tolerance mechanism in wheat plant
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As wheat is one of the three major crops in the world, improving its drought tolerance is crucial for human beings to develop sustainable food in the context of global climate change. This review updates the studies on wheat exposed to drought stress. In this work, the physiological responses of wheat plants under water deficit are discussed from different angles. A comprehensive description of droughttolerance mechanisms in wheat plants is given. The current state of researches on drought-related traits is reviewed. To further demonstrate the genetic basis of wheat drought tolerance, some knowledge of the powerful genetic research tool, Genome-wide Association study, is elaborated on. In addition, this review also summarizes multiple potential approaches for further studies on drought-related candidate genes. The results obtained utilizing those advanced technologies in this area so far are thoroughly illustrated. Finally, the challenges of investigating wheat genotypes in drought condition and mixtures of natural abiotic stresses are discussed. Traditional difficulties and novel progress in the wheat root system investigation are elaborated.
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| 8. |
- Yuzhou, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse wheat lines to mitigate the effect of drought on end-use quality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Food Science and Technology. - 2674-1121. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global climate change is causing an increasing number of drought events, which might impact the stability of wheat breadmaking quality. In this study, 73 spring wheat lines with diverse genetic backgrounds (modern, old, and wheat–rye introgression) were drought treated, and the grains were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for protein composition traits related to breadmaking quality. The amount of total sodium dodecyl sulfate-extractable and -unextractable proteins (TOTE, which correlates to grain protein content) increased significantly under late drought, while no effect of early drought was found on the analyzed protein composition traits. Under control treatment, genotypes with 3R showed significantly higher TOTE than genotypes with 1R, 1RS, and 2R, indicating the potential role of 3R in increasing grain protein concentration. The lower percentage of sodium dodecyl sulfate-unextractable polymeric protein in the total polymeric protein (%UPP) found in 1R and 1RS genotypes as compared to modern and old genotypes suggested a gluten strength reduction induced by 1R and 1RS. Despite the negative yield–protein correlation found in this study, lines 252 (3R), 253 (3R), and 258 (2R) displayed the presence of germplasm with both high yield and protein concentration. The %UPP was found to be positively correlated to spike-size-related traits (grains per spike, grain weight per spike, and spike length) across all three treatments. Additionally, high and stable TOTE was mainly obtained in genotypes with 3R, while old genotypes showed dominant performance in %UPP. Thus, genes responsible for high and stable protein concentration and gluten strength should be explicitly searched among introgression lines with chromosome 3R and old Swedish cultivars, respectively.
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| 9. |
- Yuzhou, Lan
(författare)
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Exploring the genetic toolbox for climate-resilient spring wheat : drought impact on yield, breadmaking quality, nutritional value and toxicity
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change is posing challenges to wheat production worldwide through increasing frequency of drought events. In southern Sweden, summer drought typically coincides closely with the reproductive growth stages of wheat, the most critical period for final yield. This thesis characterised the drought tolerance of wheat from a broad set of genetic materials, based on traits relating to yield, breadmaking quality, nutritional value and toxicity. The possibility of using biostimulants to enhance grain yield of wheat under drought was also explored. Late drought was found to restrict grain yield to a greater extent than early drought. Old Swedish cultivars and wheat lines carrying chromosome 1R had significantly longer roots during early stage, enabling better access to water. However, there was a strong connection between this long-root trait of old and 1R genotypes and elevated grain cadmium content, posing a possible risk to food security. There was generally a negative correlation between protein concentration and grain yield. However, high grain protein content and high grain yield were observed in some wheat lines carrying chromosome 3R, indicating opportunities for breeding high-protein varieties without compromising yield. Lines with 3R possessed advantageous attributes in terms of minerals, with high zinc and iron concentrations. High grain selenium concentration was observed in lines carrying chromosome 1R, suggesting unique nutritional values of those wheat-rye introgression lines compared with modern wheat. Use of biostimulants (chitosan, hydrolysed wheat gluten and potato proteins) had positive effects on grain yield in wheat grown under drought. The new information provided in this thesis on utilising genetic resources from distant relatives of wheat and ancient wheat can be applied to improve the environmental resilience of modern wheat, while applying biostimulating compounds can be a fast, cost-effective way of sustaining wheat growth during drought.
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| 10. |
- Yuzhou, Lan
(författare)
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Exploring the phosphorus-starch content balance mechanisms in maize grains using GWAS population and transcriptome data
- 2024
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Ingår i: TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics. - 0040-5752 .- 1432-2242. ; 137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examining the connection between P and starch-related signals can help elucidate the balance between nutrients and yield. This study utilized 307 diverse maize inbred lines to conduct multi-year and multi-plot trials, aiming to explore the relationship among P content, starch content, and 100-kernel weight (HKW) of mature grains. A significant negative correlation was found between P content and both starch content and HKW, while starch content showed a positive correlation with HKW. The starch granules in grains with high-P and low-starch content (HPLS) were significantly smaller compared to grains with low-P high-starch content (LPHS). Additionally, mian04185-4 (HPLS) exhibited irregular and loosely packed starch granules. A significant decrease in ZmPHOs genes expression was detected in the HPLS line ZNC442 as compared to the LPHS line SCML0849, while no expression difference was observed in AGPase encoding genes between these two lines. The down-regulated genes in ZNC442 grains were enriched in nucleotide sugar and fatty acid anabolic pathways, while up-regulated genes were enriched in the ABC transporters pathway. An accelerated breakdown of fat as the P content increased was also observed. This implied that HPLS was resulted from elevated lipid decomposition and inadequate carbon sources. The GWAS analysis identified 514 significantly associated genes, out of which 248 were differentially expressed. Zm00001d052392 was found to be significantly associated with P content/HKW, exhibiting high expression in SCML0849 but almost no expression in ZNC442. Overall, these findings suggested new approaches for achieving a P-yield balance through the manipulation of lipid metabolic pathways in grains.
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