| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Criaco, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Founders’ Prior Shared International Experience, Time to First Foreign Market Entry, and New Venture Performance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Management. - : Sage Publications. - 0149-2063 .- 1557-1211. ; 48:8, s. 2349-2381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the influence of founders’ prior shared international experience on the timing of their new ventures’ first entry into foreign markets. We propose that this experience, which is gained by founders working concurrently for the same international firm prior to the founding of the current company, provides them with shared knowledge and routines that they can use to enter foreign markets for the first time earlier in the venture’s life. Further, we propose that founders’ diversity strengthens this relationship, because diverse groups of founders have a broader range of knowledge, skills, and perspectives, which facilitates the adaptation of their prior shared international experience to their new venture setting. This is likely to further reduce the time it takes them to enter foreign markets for the first time. We also argue that industry dynamism weakens the relationship between founders’ prior shared international experience and the time to first foreign market entry, because this type of experience is likely to become obsolete in a rapidly changing environment. Finally, we hypothesize that early internationalizers enjoy higher performance than late internationalizers. We test these predictions using a sample of Swedish new ventures. Our results contribute to the literatures on founders’ shared experience and early internationalization.
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| 3. |
- Criaco, Giuseppe
(författare)
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Founding conditions and the survival of new firms : An imprinting perspective on founders, organizational members and external environments
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- New firms are important sources of new employment, economic growth and innovation. Yet, a large portion of them do not manage to survive their first years of existence. This is often linked to their initial lack of capabilities, resources, routines and legitimacy. Certain favorable conditions at founding may allow new firms to partially overcome these initial shortcomings, and help them survive. For instance, organizational members’ prior experience may provide knowledge and skills to the new firm. However, it may also act as a constraint. It can lead new firms to follow a prescribed way of doing things which may ultimately threaten their survival. Similarly, certain unfavorable conditions of the external environment at founding may paradoxically offer a fertile ground for new firms to nurture their survival. Thus, whether some founding conditions are good or bad for new firms is still an unanswered question.Building on imprinting theory, this dissertation investigates how different founding conditions affect the survival of new firms. At the organizational level, I study founders’ prior working experience in an incumbent family firm, organizational members’ prior shared international experience and prior industry experience, and focus respectively on three types of new firms: entrepreneurial spawns, international new ventures and high/mid-high tech new firms. I use a matched employer-employee dataset to test the effect of different types of prior experience on new firm survival. At the environment level, I propose how population density of similar organizational forms and the mortality of generalist organizations at founding may affect the survival of new family firms.
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| 4. |
- Criaco, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Industry knowledge, prior industry experience and new venture survival
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research suggests that new ventures can overcome threats to their survival by gaining access to technological knowledge from other firms in their industry even without directly transacting with them or joining their networks. This access can be obtained through vicarious learning that allows new ventures to benefit from spillovers of industry knowledge made public through patents. However, absorbing industry knowledge can be difficult for new ventures. On the one hand, new ventures have different absorptive capacities as a result of their organizational members’ prior experience within the current industry and across different industries. On the other hand, industries differ in the characteristics of their public technological knowledge (i.e., intensity and breadth). We propose that the intensity and breadth of an industry’s public technological knowledge interact with organizational members’ prior industry experience to determine the ability of new ventures to learn vicariously, affecting the likelihood of venture survival. Our results show that having prior experience in the same industry is beneficial for new venture survival when the technological knowledge within an industry is high in intensity and breadth, while prior experience across different industries is beneficial when this knowledge is low in intensity and breadth. This study contributes to the literature on prior industry experience, organizational learning, absorptive capacity and new venture survival.
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| 5. |
- Gartner, William B., et al.
(författare)
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Are You Talking to Me? The Nature of Community in Entrepreneurship Scholarship
- 2006. - 30
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship. - : SAGE Publications. - 1042-2587 .- 1540-6520. ; 30:3, s. 321-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This special issue is devoted to understanding the scientific structure of entrepreneurship research. Research in entrepreneurship has grown rapidly, encompassing multiple theoretical and methodological traditions. Articles in this issue use bibliometric techniques to find linkages among published entrepreneurship scholars. These analyses show that research in the entrepreneurship field contains: multiple but disconnected themes; dominant themes that reflect the disciplinary training and lens of their authors; and considerable dynamism and change in key research themes over time. These special issue articles provide rich opportunities for identifying insightful, influential, and creative research niches in the entrepreneurship field.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Zahra, Shaker A., et al.
(författare)
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Industry Knowledge Characteristics, Prior Experience and New Venture Survival
- 2015
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Ingår i: Academy of Management Proceedings, January 2015 (Meeting Abstract Supplement) 17103.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research suggests that new ventures can overcome threats to their survival by gaining access to technological knowledge from other firms in their industry, even without directly transacting with them or joining their networks. This happens through vicarious learning that allows these ventures to abduct spillovers of industry knowledge made public through patents. We propose that the effects of the industry public knowledge on new venture survival are likely to depend on the unique characteristics of that knowledge—its breadth and newness—and its interaction with a venture’s human capital’s prior experience in the industry. We test and find support for these predictions in a sample of Swedish new ventures. The study contributes to the literatures in organizational learning and new venture survival.
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| 8. |
- Zahra, Shaker A., et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Ownership and Governance on SMEs' International Knowledge-based Resources
- 2007
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 29:3, s. 309-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in today’s global economy. However, there are significant differences in how they respond to the opportunities and threats in international markets. This study␣suggests SMEs’ ownership and governance systems significantly influence the development of knowledge-based resources necessary for internationalization. Using a sample of 384 US SMEs, we find a positive relationship between both the equity held by top management team members and venture capitalists and the development of these important resources. This positive association is further accentuated by the presence of independent outside directors on SMEs’ boards, supporting their monitoring and enterprising roles.
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