| 1. |
- Andersson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Early vaccination with Improvac® - effects on performance and behaviour of male pigs
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 6, s. 87-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of giving a two-dose regimen of gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine, Improvac (R) (Pfizer Ltd), earlier than currently recommended, on performance and behaviour of growing/finishing pigs. Cross-bred male pigs (n = 5192) were randomly allocated, within a litter, into four groups at birth: one group of pigs surgically castrated without anaesthesia before one week of age, a second group of early vaccinated pigs given Improvac at 10 and 14 weeks of age, a third group of standard vaccinated pigs given Improvac at 16 and 20 weeks of age, so that the second vaccination was given 4 to 6 weeks before slaughter as recommended by the manufacturer, and a fourth group of entire male pigs. The experiment started when the pigs were 12 weeks old and lasted until 25 weeks of age, when the pigs were slaughtered. The pigs were fed restrictedly. Daily weight gain and feed conversion during the entire raising period did not differ significantly between groups. Estimated lean meat content of early vaccinated and surgically castrated pigs was lower when compared with entire male pigs, whereas standard vaccinated pigs did not differ from entire males. Dressing percentage was higher in early vaccinated and surgically castrated pigs than in standard vaccinated and entire male pigs, partly because of lower size and weight of reproductive organs. For both groups of vaccinated pigs, both problematic and non-problematic behaviours decreased after their second injection, from the levels of entire males to those of surgically castrated pigs. After the second injection, pigs of both vaccination groups performed no mountings, in contrast with entire male pigs of the same age. Skin lesions at slaughter were fewer and less severe for vaccinated pigs compared with entire male pigs. No difference in income per carcass was observed for surgically castrated or vaccinated pigs. However, for entire male pigs the income was lower, as the payment system in Sweden also takes into consideration the additional cost for boar taint analyses and reduced payment for tainted carcasses. Under our experimental conditions, early vaccination with Improvac can be used as an alternative to the recommended schedule to minimise problematic behaviour with unaffected profitability.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Improvac does not modify the expression and activities of the major drug metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 3A and 2C in pigs
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1358-8745. ; 30, s. 3515-3518
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we investigated hepatic mRNA expression and activities of CYP3A and 2C in entire, surgically castrated and pigs vaccinated with Improvac. Additionally, we examined the mRNA expression of the two nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), known to regulate CYP3A and 2C mRNA expression, respectively. Activities of CYP3A and 2C were estimated as a rate of 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin and 7-benzyloxyquinoline metabolism (CYP3A) and tolbutamide metabolism (CYP2C). We found no effect of Improvac treatment or surgical castration on either CYP3A or 2C activities. Similarly, the mRNA expressions of CYP3A29, 2C33 and PXR were not changed. CAR mRNA expression differed only between entire and surgically castrated male pigs (p = 0.005), being greater in surgically castrated pigs. Our results indicated that neither CYP3A nor 2C are affected by Improvac. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 4. |
- Auer, Jaqueline, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the digestibility and estimated bioavailability/bioaccessibility of plant-based protein from soy, pea and faba bean ingredients.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: LWT - Food Science and Technology. - 1096-1127 .- 0023-6438. ; 197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerns have been raised about the nutritional adequacy of plant-based foods due to the presence of antinutrients and overall low protein digestibility. Therefore, this study characterizes the estimated bioavailability/bioaccessibility of iron and zinc and the protein digestibility of 11 commercially available plant-based ingredients to assess their potential in the future development of nutritious plant-based foods. The accessibility of iron and zinc was limited in all ingredients, with only faba bean isolate, pea isolate, faba bean concentrate and texturized pea containing accessible iron. Faba bean isolate was found to have the highest amount of accessible iron (67.4 mg/kg) whereas textured pea showed the lowest amount (0.5 mg/kg). The estimated bioavailability of iron and zinc, based on the calculated molar ratio of phytate, was low for all studied ingredients, with isolates showing the highest overall tendency for available iron and zinc. The amino acid composition data revealed limitations regarding valine and/or isoleucine in all protein concentrates and texturized proteins, soy isolate, and faba bean flour. In contrast, no significant differences were found in overall protein digestibility, suggesting that all tested raw materials, including faba bean, can be considered good protein sources.
|
|
| 5. |
- Auer, Jaqueline, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the digestibility and estimated bioavailability/ bioaccessibility of plant-based proteins and minerals from soy, pea, and faba bean ingredients
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Food Science and Technology. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerns have been raised about the nutritional adequacy of plant-based foods due to the presence of antinutrients and overall low protein digestibility. Therefore, this study characterizes the estimated bioavailability/ bioaccessibility of iron and zinc and the protein digestibility of 11 commercially available plant-based ingredients to assess their potential in the future development of nutritious plant-based foods. The accessibility of iron and zinc was limited in all ingredients, with only faba bean isolate, pea isolate, faba bean concentrate and texturized pea containing accessible iron. Faba bean isolate was found to have the highest amount of accessible iron (67.4 mg/kg) whereas textured pea showed the lowest amount (0.5 mg/kg). The estimated bioavailability of iron and zinc, based on the calculated molar ratio of phytate, was low for all studied ingredients, with isolates showing the highest overall tendency for available iron and zinc. The amino acid composition data revealed limitations regarding valine and/or isoleucine in all protein concentrates and texturized proteins, soy isolate, and faba bean flour. In contrast, no significant differences were found in overall protein digestibility, suggesting that all tested raw materials, including faba bean, can be considered good protein sources.
|
|
| 6. |
- Babol, Jakub, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploratory Survey on European Consumer and Stakeholder Attitudes towards Alternatives for Surgical Castration of Piglets
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple SummaryIn many countries, surgical castration of piglets without pain relief or anaesthesia is still common practice. Castration is performed to minimise the incidence of boar taint, a bad taste (urine/fecal like), typically present in the meat of 5 to 10% of uncastrated male pigs. It also helps to avoid aggressive and sexual behaviour. For animal welfare reasons, alternatives are being considered, and in some countries, an alternative is already practiced. One option is to perform surgical castration with anaesthesia and relieve pain. A second option is to produce male pigs without castration, which requires detection of tainted carcasses in the slaughter house. A third option is to apply immunocastration: by a two-fold injection of a vaccine, the testes function is inhibited, which reduces boar-like behaviour and avoids boar taint. In this study, we evaluated the acceptability of each of these methods in 16 countries in Europe. Of the 4 presented options, the practice of surgical castration was least accepted (32%), whilst there was a high acceptance of castration with anaesthesia (85%), followed by immunocastration (71%) and production of boars (49%). The developed questionnaire and infographic can be used in future studies to further gain insights in consumer and stakeholder attitudes on this topic.Surgical castration of piglets without pain relief is still common practice in many countries. Possible alternatives for surgical castration are application of pain relief or anaesthesia or production of boars (entire males) and immunocastrates. Each of these alternatives faces advantages and disadvantages which may result in different citizen attitudes and consumers acceptability. Understanding which practice is acceptable to whom and why may further stimulate implementation. Consumer (n = 3251) and stakeholder (n = 1027) attitudes towards surgical castration without pain relief, surgical castration with anaesthesia, immunocastration, and production of boars were surveyed from April to June 2020 via an online questionnaire in 16 countries (>175 respondents per country). Surgical castration without pain relief was separated from each of the alternatives due to animal welfare and showed the lowest acceptability (32%). Within the alternatives, a further partitioning between the alternatives was based on perceived quality and food safety, with an acceptance of 85% for applying anaesthesia, 71% for immunocastration, and 49% for boar production. Differences depending on professional involvement and familiarity with agriculture could be observed, mainly for the acceptance of surgical castration without anaesthesia, immunocastration, and boars. Castration with anaesthesia was highly accepted by all types of respondents.
|
|
| 7. |
- Balji, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Perspectives and safety of horsemeat consumption
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International journal of food science & technology. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0950-5423 .- 1365-2621. ; 55:3, s. 942-952
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In some countries, use of horsemeat as a food is inhibited by ethical and cultural concerns. However, horsemeat has potential health benefits, such as low fat and high unsaturated fatty acid content compared with other meats, as well as attractive sensory properties. Although there are many contradictory data on the dietary value in relation to human health, the effects of horsemeat have not been studied to a large extent. In this paper, we summarise existing knowledge on horsemeat quality and effects on human health. Our conclusion is that horsemeat may be consumed as a healthy alternative to other types of meat, provided that risks associated with microbial contamination during storage and possible presence of contaminants in horsemeat are taken into consideration. Future studies should evaluate the health-promoting properties and safety of horsemeat and associated byproducts.
|
|
| 8. |
- Brunius, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
A modified high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of skatole and indole in porcine plasma
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Brno. - : University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences. - 0001-7213 .- 1801-7576. ; 81, s. 153-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simplified high-performance liquid chromatography method to measure skatole and indole in porcine plasma without the use of acetonitrile was developed and validated in this study. The mobile phase consisted of water and methanol used in a gradient programme. Fluorescence detection was performed on the supernatant obtained from plasma after protein precipitation with 100% acetone. Limits of quantification were 0.5 ng.ml(-1) for skatole and 1.0 ng.ml(-1) for indole. Accuracy and precision had less than 12% deviation in the linear ranges (0.5-256 ng.ml(-1) and R-2 = 0.9999 for skatole, 1.0-256 ng.ml(-1) and R-2 = 0.9999 for indole). The correlation between plasma and serum concentrations was strong for skatole (slope = 1.01, R-2 = 0.999) and moderate for indole (slope = 0.65, R-2 = 0.95). Analysis of skatole in plasma was in good accordance with our previous acetonitrile-based method (slope = 0.91, R-2 = 0.988). The proposed method is suited for rapid routine analysis because of its high selectivity, accuracy and precision. Furthermore, it needs only simple sample preparation and the use of methanol instead of acetonitrile in the mobile phase. This method is of practical use to researchers in the field of boar taint.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Brunius, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Expression and activities of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP1A, CYP2A and CYP2E1) in entire and castrated male pigs
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 6, s. 271-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to provide further insights into the mechanism of in vivo regulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 1A, 2A and 2E1 activities in pigs with different levels of testicular steroids. Hepatic mRNA and protein expression and enzymatic activity of CYP1A, CYP2A and CYP2E1 were compared between entire male and castrated pigs. Castration was performed either surgically or immunologically. The pigs were divided into four groups. In the first group, piglets were surgically castrated without anaesthesia. Immunological castration was performed by vaccination with Improvac (R) (Pfizer Ltd). Vaccinated pigs were subdivided into two groups according to the vaccination regimen: early and standard vaccination. Pigs in the early vaccination group were vaccinated when aged 11 and 15 weeks. Pigs in the standard vaccination group were vaccinated when aged 17 and 21 weeks. In the control group, pigs remained intact throughout the study. Hepatic CYP450 mRNA expression, measured by real-time RT-PCR, differed significantly between groups for all isoforms measured: CYP1A2 (P = 0.002), 2A (P = 0.000) and 2E1 (P = 0.002). Lower CYP450 mRNA in entire male pigs suggests suppression of CYP1A2, CYP2A and CYP2E1 by testicular steroids at the transcriptional level. However, this suppression was not always reflected in decreased protein expression and activities of these isoforms, suggesting that at least some CYP450s (e. g. CYP2E1) are regulated by a post-transcriptional mechanism.
|
|
