| 1. |
- Ahmed, Mobyen Uddin, Dr, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A machine learning approach for biomass characterization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 1279-1287
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work is to apply and evaluate different chemometric approaches employing several machine learning techniques in order to characterize the moisture content in biomass from data obtained by Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The approaches include three main parts: a) data pre-processing, b) wavelength selection and c) development of a regression model enabling moisture content measurement. Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Multiplicative Scatter Correction and Savitzky-Golay first (SG1) and second (SG2) derivatives and its combinations were applied for data pre-processing. Genetic algorithm (GA) and iterative PLS (iPLS) were used for wavelength selection. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and traditional Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, were employed as machine learning regression methods. Results shows that SNV combined with SG1 first derivative performs the best in data pre-processing. The GA is the most effective methods for variable selection and GPR achieved a high accuracy in regression modeling while having low demands on computation time. Overall, the machine learning techniques demonstrate a great potential to be used in future NIR spectroscopy applications. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of ICAE2018 - The 10th International Conference on Applied Energy.
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| 2. |
- Anbalagan, Anbarasan, 1988-
(författare)
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A passage to wastewater nutrient recovery units : Microalgal-Bacterial bioreactors
- 2018
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, the microalgal–bacterial process has been considered to be a very attractive engineering solution for wastewater treatment. However, it has not been widely studied in the context of conventional wastewater treatment design under Swedish conditions. The technology holds several advantages: as a CO2 sink, ability to withstand cold conditions, ability to grow under low light, fast settling without chemical precipitation, and reducing the loss of valuable nutrients (CO2, N2, N2O, PO4). The process also provides the option to be operated either as mainstream (treatment of municipal wastewater) or side stream (treatment of centrate from anaerobic digesters) to reduce the nutrient load of the wastewater. Furthermore, the application is not only limited to wastewater treatment; the biomass can be used to synthesise platform chemicals or biofuels and can be followed by recovery of ammonium and phosphate for use in agriculture.In the present study, the feasibility of applying the process in Swedish temperature and light conditions was investigated by implementing microalgae within the activated sludge process. In this context, the supporting operational and performance indicators (hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT) and nutrients removal) were evaluated to support naturally occurring consortia in photo-sequencing and continuous bioreactor configuration. Furthermore, CO2 uptake and light spectrum-mediated nutrient removal were investigated to reduce the impact on climate and the technical challenges associated with this type of system.The results identified effective retention times of 6 and 4 days (HRT = SRT) under limited lighting to reduce the electrical consumption. From the perspective of nitrogen removal, the process demands effective CO2 input either in the mainstream or side stream treatment. The incorporation of a vertical absorption column demonstrated effective CO2 mass transfer to support efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal as a side stream treatment. However, the investigation of a continuous single-stage process as the mainstream showed a requirement for a lower SRT in comparison to semi-continuous operation due to faster settlability, regardless of inorganic carbon. Furthermore, the process showed an effective reduction of influent phosphorus and organic compounds (i.e. COD/TOC) load in the wastewater as a result of photosynthetic aeration. Most importantly, the operation was stable at the temperature equivalent of wastewater (12 and 13 ˚C), under different lighting (white, and red-blue wavelengths) and retention times (6 and 1.5 d HRT) with complete nitrification. Additionally, the biomass production was stable with faster settling properties without any physiochemical separation.The outcomes of this thesis on microalgal–bacterial nutrient removal demonstrates that (1) photosynthesis-based aeration at existing wastewater conditions under photo-sequential and continuous photobioreactor setup, (2) flocs with rapid settling characteristics at all studied retention times, (3) the possibility of increasing carbon supplementation to achieve higher carbon to nitrogen balance in the photobioreactor, and (4) most importantly, nitrification-based microalgal biomass uptake occurred at all spectral distributions, lower photosynthetic active radiation and existing wastewater conditions.
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| 3. |
- Bürger, Raimund, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the hindered-settling flux function from a batch test in a cone
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Science. - : Elsevier. - 0009-2509 .- 1873-4405. ; 192, s. 244-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hindered-settling velocity function for the modelling, simulation and control of secondary settling tanks can be determined from batch tests. The conventional method is to measure the velocity of the descending sludge-supernatant interface (sludge blanket) as the change in height over time in a vessel with constant cross-sectional area. Each such experiment provides one point on the flux curve since, under idealizing assumptions (monodisperse suspension, no wall-effects), the concentration of sludge remains constant just below the sludge blanket until some wave from the bottom reaches it. A newly developed method of estimation, based on the theory of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations, is applied to both synthetic and experimental data. The method demonstrates that a substantial portion of the flux function may be estimated from a single batch test in a conical vessel. The new method takes into consideration that during an ideal settling experiment in a cone, the concentration just below the sludge blanket increases with time since the mass of suspended solids occupy a reduced volume over time.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of activated sludge processes consisting of a plug-flow reactor and a non-ideal settler
- 2015
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Ingår i: 9th IWA Symposium on Systems Analysis and Integrated Assessment (Watermatex).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An activated sludge process (ASP) consisting of a plug-flow reactor (PFR) and a non-ideal settler is modelled and analysed. One soluble substrate component and one particulate biomass are assumed. The biomass growth rate is described by a Monod function. The settler model includes hindered settling and compression. A model describing the steady-state behaviour of the ASP is derived which constrains the settler to work with a fixed sludge blanket height in the thickening zone. The model provides new understanding for these types of ASPs and may be used for novel design schemes. The numerical example suggests that the steady-state solutions of the ASP give a one-parameter family ofsolutions, where the parameter is the recycle ratio 푟.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of simple bioreactor models : A comparison between Monod and Contois kinetics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proc. IWA Conference on Activated Sludge – 100 Years and Counting. - : IWA Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, an analysis of simple bioreactors in series is presented. The bioreactors are analysed for growth kinetics of the biomass described by a Monod and a Contois function. In particular, it is studied how the effluent substrate concentration is depending on the influent substrate concentration during steady state. It is shown that by going from one to two bioreactors in series completely changes the process behaviour when the growth kinetics is described by a Monod function. It is also shown that a bioreactor described by Contois kinetics has a completely different behaviour compared with the Monod case.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Fault detection and isolation of sensors in aeration control systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 73:3, s. 648-653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider the problem of fault detection (FD) and isolation in the aeration system of an activated sludge process. For this study, the dissolved oxygen in each aerated zone is assumed to be controlled automatically. As the basis for an FD method we use the ratio of air flow rates into different zones. The method is evaluated in two scenarios: using the Benchmark Simulation Model no. 1 (BSM1) by Monte Carlo simulations and using data from a wastewater treatment plant. The FD method shows good results for a correct and early FD and isolation.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Fault detection and isolation of sensors in aeration control systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proc. IWA World Water Congress. - : IWA Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider the problem of fault detection and isolation in the aeration system of an activated sludge process. The purpose is to detect and localize possible faults in dissolved oxygen and air flow sensors. The dissolved oxygen in each aerated zone is assumed to be controlled automatically. As the basis for a fault detection algorithm we use the ratio of air flow rates into different zones. The method is evaluated in two scenarios: using the Benchmark Simulation Model nº 1 by Monte Carlo simulations, and using data from a wastewater treatment plant. The fault detection method shows good results for a correct and early fault detection and isolation.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Fault detection of sensors in aeration control systems : the airflow ratio method
- 2013
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Ingår i: 11th IWA conference on Instrumentation, Control and Automation.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fault detection method, ARM, has been proposed for detection of faults in DOsensors in a serie of aerated zones. The DO in each zone is assumed to be controlled. In a simulation study, ARM shows promising results for correct and early fault detection. Eventually, it will not be possible to distinguish between a fault in a DOsensor and in air flow rate sensor. In this study, we have, for simplicity, used KLa as a measure of the air flow rate. In practice an air flow rate sensor should be used. An interesting alternative is to use the air valve position instead of the airflow rate.
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| 9. |
- Chernomoretz, Ariel, et al.
(författare)
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The Metagenomics and Metadesign of the Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) International Consortium inaugural meeting report
- 2016
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Ingår i: Microbiome. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2049-2618. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Metagenomics and Metadesign of the Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) International Consortium is a novel, interdisciplinary initiative comprised of experts across many fields, including genomics, data analysis, engineering, public health, and architecture. The ultimate goal of the MetaSUB Consortium is to improve city utilization and planning through the detection, measurement, and design of metagenomics within urban environments. Although continual measures occur for temperature, air pressure, weather, and human activity, including longitudinal, cross-kingdom ecosystem dynamics can alter and improve the design of cities. The MetaSUB Consortium is aiding these efforts by developing and testing metagenomic methods and standards, including optimized methods for sample collection, DNA/RNA isolation, taxa characterization, and data visualization. The data produced by the consortium can aid city planners, public health officials, and architectural designers. In addition, the study will continue to lead to the discovery of new species, global maps of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and novel biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Finally, we note that engineered metagenomic ecosystems can help enable more responsive, safer, and quantified cities.
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| 10. |
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