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- Poletti, Fabrizio, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous capillary-flow sensing of glucose and lactate in sweat with an electrochemical sensor based on functionalized graphene oxide
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005. ; 344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe an electrochemical device for the simultaneous monitoring of glucose and lactate in sweat, based on enzymatic sensors exploiting capillary flow to induce continuous, stable sensing. The enzymes, namely glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase, were anchored to a graphene oxide and chitosan composite (GO-Ch) of original synthesis, to achieve stable deposition of the bioreceptors on the electrochemical platform. We tested both biosensors on a realistic device architecture: they were embedded in a nitrocellulose strip, to exploit capillary force to induce a continuous flux of sweat on the sensor platform, ensuring the constant renewal of sample. We could achieve good sensitivity at potentials close to zero by using Prussian Blue as redox mediator, thus avoiding interference from other chemical species present in the complex matrix. The sensing signal was stable and linear over two hours in a concentration range of glucose and lactate between the limit of quantification (32 and 68 nM, respectively) and the upper limit of linearity (3.8 and 50.0 mM, respectively). The device is simple, robust, stable, and can be easily worn without the direct contact of the active part with the skin, making it suitable for simultaneous monitoring of glucose and lactate in human sweat.
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- Poletti, Fabrizio, et al.
(författare)
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Graphene-Paper-Based Electrodes on Plastic and Textile Supports as New Platforms for Amperometric Biosensing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-3028 .- 1616-301X. ; 32:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of exfoliating graphite into graphene sheets allows the researchers to produce a material, termed “graphene paper” (G-paper), conductive as graphite but more flexible and processable. G-paper is already used for electronic applications, like conductors, antennas, and heaters, outperforming metal conductors thanks to its high flexibility, lightness, chemical stability, and compatibility with polymeric substrates. Here, the effectiveness in the use of G-paper for the realization of electrodes on flexible plastic substrates and textiles, and their applicability as amperometric sensors are demonstrated. The performance of these devices is compared with commercial platforms made of carbon-based inks, finding that they outperform commercial devices in sensing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a key molecule for enzymatic biosensing; the electrodes can achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity (107.2 μA mm−1 cm−2) and limit of detection (0.6 × 10−6 m) with no need of additional functionalization. Thanks to this property, the stable deposition of a suitable enzyme, namely lactate dehydrogenase, on the electrode surface is used as a proof of concept of the applicability of this new platform for the realization of a biosensor. The possibility of having a single material suitable for antennas, electronics, and now sensing opens new opportunities for smart fabrics in wearable electronic applications.
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