| 1. |
- Palumbo, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Prevention of thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5551 .- 0887-6924. ; 22:2, s. 414-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is more than 1%omicron annually in the general population and increases further in cancer patients. The risk of VTE is higher in multiple myeloma (MM) patients who receive thalidomide or lenalidomide, especially in combination with dexamethasone or chemotherapy. Various VTE prophylaxis strategies, such as low-molecular-Weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin or aspirin, have been investigated in small, uncontrolled clinical studies. This manuscript summarizes the available evidence and recommends a prophylaxis strategy according to a risk-assessment model. Individual risk factors for thrombosis associated with thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy include age, history of VTE, central venous catheter, comorbidities (infections, diabetes, cardiac disease), immobilization, surgery and inherited thrombophilia. Myeloma-related risk factors include diagnosis and hyperviscosity. VTE is very high in patients who receive high-dose dexamethasone, doxorubicin or multiagent chemotherapy in combination with thalidomide or lenalidomide, but not with bortezomib. The panel recommends aspirin for patients with <= 1 risk factor for VTE. LMWH (equivalent to enoxaparin 40 mg per day) is recommended for those with two or more individual/myeloma-related risk factors. LMWH is also recommended for all patients receiving concurrent high-dose dexamethasone or doxorubicin. Full-dose warfarin targeting a therapeutic INR of 2-3 is an alternative to LMWH, although there are limited data in the literature with this strategy. In the absence of clear data from randomized studies as a foundation for recommendations, many of the following proposed strategies are the results of common sense or derive from the extrapolation of data from many studies not specifically designed to answer these questions. Further investigation is needed to define the best VTE prophylaxis.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Marini, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Advanced alkaline water electrolysis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 82, s. 384-391
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A short review on the fundamental and technological issues relevant to water electrolysis in alkaline and proton exchange membrane (PEM) devices is given. Due to price and limited availability of the platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts they currently employ, PEM electrolyzers have scant possibilities of being employed in large-scale hydrogen production. The importance and recent advancements in the development of catalysts without PGMs are poised to benefit more the field of alkaline electrolysis rather than that of PEM devices. This paper presents our original data which demonstrate that an advanced alkaline electrolyzer with performances rivaling those of PEM electrolyzers can be made without PGM and with catalysts of high stability and durability. Studies on the advantages/limitations of electrolyzers with different architectures do show how a judicious application of pressure differentials in a recirculating electrolyte scheme helps reduce mass transport limitations, increasing efficiency and power density.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Villa, M., et al.
(författare)
-
The apparent capacitance of the electrode "charging" process
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry General Session - 215th ECS Meeting. - San Francisco, CA : The Electrochemical Society. ; , s. 47-59
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigate simple models of the electrode charging (discharging) at constant current i, where the potential (E) is recorded as a function of time, or charge, q = i·t. Our goal is to assess the advantages of a representation in terms of capacitance, C = dq / dE ,vs. E. Such a plot is related with cyclic voltammetry (c.v.) plot (ic.v. vs E) at a constant rate (β = dE / dt) since, under appropriate circumstances, we should have C = ic.v. / β = dq / dE. We will discuss the following items: a) origins and suppression of the singularities in the capacitance pilots, b) effects of the finite charging currents, c) comparison between c.v. and electrode charging experiments.
|
|
